Food Production Processes

Selected Crop Management Practices - Introduction to management practices
Selected Crop Management Practices - Thinning and gapping

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain why management practices are necessary after crop establishment
- Identify the management practices covered: thinning, gapping, weeding and earthing up
- Show interest in carrying out management practices to ensure healthy crop growth

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Read the introduction and discuss why management practices are important for crop health
- Identify examples of each management practice from pictures or video clips
- Discuss the consequences of neglecting management practices such as overcrowding

What happens to crops that are not given proper management after establishment?

- MTP Agriculture Grade 7 pg. 38
- Digital devices and Internet access
- Charts showing crop management practices
- Reference books and digital resources
- Charts showing thinning and gapping

- Oral questions - Observation

Food Production Processes

Selected Crop Management Practices - Practical: Thinning and gapping

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Carry out thinning by removing excess seedlings from overcrowded spaces
- Fill identified gaps by transplanting uprooted seedlings or re-sowing seeds
- Demonstrate care in uprooting seedlings with a ball of soil to protect the root system

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Explore a crop garden and identify places where seedlings are too closely spaced
- Uproot excess seedlings carefully retaining a ball of soil around the roots
- Plant the uprooted seedlings to fill gaps where seeds failed to germinate

How do we carry out thinning and gapping correctly in a crop garden?

- MTP Agriculture Grade 7 pg. 38
- School crop garden
- Garden tools (hand fork, trowel) and watering cans

- Observation - Activity journal

Food Production Processes

Selected Crop Management Practices - Weeding through physical methods

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Describe why weeds must be controlled in a crop garden
- Identify physical methods of weeding
- Show responsibility in keeping the school crop garden free of weeds

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Discuss the harmful effects of weeds on crop yield, quality and pest harbourage
- Study pictures showing physical weeding methods (uprooting, slashing, hand-pulling, hoeing)
- Plan when and how to carry out weeding in the school crop garden

Why must weeds be controlled in a crop garden and how is physical weeding done?

- MTP Agriculture Grade 7 pg. 40
- Digital devices and reference books
- Charts showing physical weeding methods

- Oral questions - Written assignments

Food Production Processes

Selected Crop Management Practices - Practical: Weeding the crop garden
Selected Crop Management Practices - Earthing up

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Carry out weeding using physical methods in the school crop garden
- Observe safety when using tools to avoid damaging crops or injuring others
- Demonstrate teamwork and shared responsibility during weeding

- Carry out physical weeding on crops established in the school garden
- Use tools carefully, maintaining a safe distance from other learners
- Discuss other physical weeding methods that could be applied in different crop situations

How do we carry out physical weeding safely without damaging the growing crops?

- MTP Agriculture Grade 7 pg. 40
- School crop garden
- Jembe, slasher, hand hoe and gardening gloves
- Fork jembe, garden trowel and gardening gloves

- Observation - Activity journal

Food Production Processes

Selected Crop Management Practices - Review and assessment

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Describe the four crop management practices and explain their importance
- Differentiate between thinning and gapping and between weeding and earthing up
- Show confidence in applying management practices to real crop situations

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Review the four management practices and discuss key points for each
- Complete written exercises including fill-in-the-blank and short-answer questions
- Discuss real-life scenarios where management practices have improved crop yields

How do the four management practices work together to ensure healthy crop production?

- MTP Agriculture Grade 7 pg. 41
- Exercise books
- Written question sheets

- Written tests - Oral questions

Food Production Processes

Selected Crop Management Practices - Continued management of crop garden

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Continue carrying out management practices on the established school crop garden
- Monitor the health and growth progress of the crops
- Appreciate the cumulative value of consistent management in crop production

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Weed, thin, gap and earth up the school crop garden where necessary
- Record crop health observations in the activity journal
- Discuss how different management practices have influenced crop growth

What changes in crop growth have resulted from applying management practices consistently?

- MTP Agriculture Grade 7 pg. 41
- School crop garden and garden tools
- Activity journals

- Observation - Activity journal

Food Production Processes

Preparing Animal Products - Introduction to animal products preparation
Preparing Animal Products - Cleaning, sorting and grading eggs

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain why animal products are prepared before selling, storage or consumption
- Identify the purposes for which eggs and honey are prepared
- Show interest in proper preparation of animal products for various uses

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Discuss the Makala scenario: why eggs should be prepared immediately after collection
- Identify purposes for which eggs and honey are prepared (selling, storage, consumption)
- Discuss what kinds of containers are appropriate for storing eggs and honey

Why should animal products be prepared immediately after collection?

- MTP Agriculture Grade 7 pg. 42
- Digital devices and Internet access
- Reference books and charts
- Eggs, clean cloth and egg trays
- Reference books

- Oral questions - Observation

Food Production Processes

Preparing Animal Products - Practical: Sorting, grading and packing eggs

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Sort a set of eggs for various purposes (hatching, sale, consumption, disposal)
- Grade eggs by size and pack them in an egg tray with labels
- Demonstrate integrity in following correct and ethical procedures for egg preparation

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Obtain 10 eggs and sort them according to purpose and quality
- Grade the eggs by size and category for presentation to customers
- Pack the sorted and graded eggs in trays and label each category correctly

Why is it important to sort, grade and label eggs before presenting them for sale?

- MTP Agriculture Grade 7 pg. 43
- Eggs, egg trays and labelling materials
- Clean cloth for wiping

- Observation - Activity journal

Food Production Processes

Preparing Animal Products - Honey processing: crushing and straining
Preparing Animal Products - Practical: Processing and packing honey

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain the meaning of honey processing and describe the crushing and straining method
- Describe the steps for processing raw honey using crushing and straining
- Show care in following correct procedures when handling honey products

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Watch a video clip on honey processing using the crushing and straining method
- Discuss the steps: examine honeycombs, crush into a bowl, strain through a sieve into a clean container
- List the equipment needed to process and pack a sample of raw honey

What is the crushing and straining method of processing honey and how is it done?

- MTP Agriculture Grade 7 pg. 43
- Digital devices and Internet access
- Raw honey sample, plastic bowl, strainer and glass container
- MTP Agriculture Grade 7 pg. 44
- Raw honey, crushing rod, strainer, glass or plastic bottles
- Airtight lids and labelling materials

- Oral questions - Written assignments

Food Production Processes

Preparing Animal Products - Importance of preparation and assessment

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Describe the importance of preparing animal products before selling or storage
- Compare prepared and unprepared animal products in terms of quality and value
- Demonstrate confidence in answering questions on egg and honey preparation

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Study the Makala scenario comparing prepared versus unprepared eggs and honey
- Discuss how proper preparation adds monetary and nutritional value to animal products
- Complete assessment questions on egg cleaning, sorting, grading and honey processing

Why does proper preparation of animal products increase their market value?

- MTP Agriculture Grade 7 pg. 46
- Exercise books
- Written question sheets

- Written tests - Oral questions

Food Production Processes

Cooking Food - Introduction to grilling, roasting and steaming

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain that grilling, roasting and steaming are the cooking methods to be learnt
- Relate these methods to prior experience with baking and stewing from Grade 6
- Show interest in learning different methods of cooking food

- Discuss foods learners have previously eaten that were grilled or roasted (mahindi choma, nyama choma)
- Identify the method of cooking shown in provided pictures and describe how the food is cooked
- List foods in the locality that can be cooked using grilling or roasting methods

Why should we use different methods of cooking to prepare food?

- MTP Agriculture Grade 7 pg. 49
- Digital devices and Internet access
- Pictures showing grilling and roasting

- Oral questions - Observation

Food Production Processes

Cooking Food - Grilling: meaning and equipment
Cooking Food - Practical: Grilling maize

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Define grilling and describe the equipment used
- Improvise a grill using locally available materials
- Show creativity and initiative in improvising cooking equipment

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Use print or digital devices to find the meaning of grilling and identify grilling equipment
- Discuss how to improvise a grill using charcoal, a jiko and wire mesh
- Follow steps to clean and prepare the improvised grill before use

What is grilling and how can a grill be improvised using locally available materials?

- MTP Agriculture Grade 7 pg. 50
- Digital devices and Internet access
- Charcoal jiko, wire mesh, matchbox and charcoal
- MTP Agriculture Grade 7 pg. 51
- Improvised grill, green maize and clean plate
- Charcoal, jiko and matchbox

- Oral questions - Written assignments

Food Production Processes

Cooking Food - Advantages of grilling and introduction to roasting

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Describe three advantages of grilling as a cooking method
- Define roasting and identify the equipment used for roasting
- Appreciate the differences between grilling and roasting methods

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Discuss the advantages of grilling: smoky flavour, reduced fat content and visual appeal
- Define roasting as a dry heat cooking method done in an oven with hot air surrounding the food
- List foods suitable for roasting and equipment used (oven, roasting tray, skewer, tongs, basting brush)

What are the advantages of grilling and how is roasting different from grilling?

- MTP Agriculture Grade 7 pg. 53
- Digital devices and reference books
- Pictures of grilled and roasted foods

- Oral questions - Written assignments

Food Production Processes

Cooking Food - Practical: Roasting food

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Follow correct steps to roast a selected food using available equipment
- Apply safety and hygiene guidelines when roasting food
- Show appreciation for roasting as a method that retains natural flavours

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Watch a video clip on how to cook food using the roasting method
- Identify equipment for roasting and discuss the roasting process step by step
- Roast a selected food (green bananas, sweet potatoes, groundnuts or cashewnuts) following correct procedures

How do we roast food safely while maintaining good hygiene practices?

- MTP Agriculture Grade 7 pg. 54
- Oven or improvised roasting equipment
- Selected foods for roasting (groundnuts, sweet potatoes or green bananas)

- Observation - Activity journal

Food Production Processes

Cooking Food - Steaming: meaning and equipment
Cooking Food - Practical: Steaming cabbage and carrots

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Define steaming and explain how it differs from boiling
- Identify foods suitable for steaming and the equipment used
- Appreciate steaming as a cooking method that retains nutrients and natural flavours

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Discuss the definition of steaming and how steam from boiling water cooks the food
- Identify foods suitable for steaming: fish, cabbage, carrots, green maize, eggs and chicken
- Describe steaming equipment: steamer pots, electric steamers, steamer racks and improvised colanders

What is steaming and why is it considered a healthy method of cooking food?

- MTP Agriculture Grade 7 pg. 60
- Digital devices and reference books
- Pictures of steaming equipment
- Cabbage, carrots, salt, colander, sufuria with fitting lid and source of heat
- Grater, chopping board, knife and clean plate

- Oral questions - Written assignments

Food Production Processes

Cooking Food - Steaming guidelines and advantages

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Apply guidelines for steaming food correctly and safely
- Describe four advantages of steaming as a method of cooking
- Show commitment to using steaming regularly as a healthy cooking method

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Discuss guidelines for steaming: maintain continuous steam, refill with boiling water, wrap delicate foods in foil
- Discuss the advantages of steaming: easy to digest, retains nutrients, suitable for low-fat diets and retains natural flavours
- Discuss observations from the steaming practical and answer questions on safety and hygiene

What guidelines must be followed when steaming food and what are its advantages?

- MTP Agriculture Grade 7 pg. 63
- Activity journals
- Reference books

- Oral questions - Written assignments

Food Production Processes

Cooking Food - Comparing cooking methods
Cooking Food - Take home activity debrief and review

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Compare grilling, roasting and steaming in terms of process, equipment and suitable foods
- Explain why using varied cooking methods improves the quality and enjoyment of meals
- Appreciate the value of using different methods of cooking food

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Discuss whether using only one cooking method every day would be satisfying and explain why
- Compare grilling, roasting and steaming: equipment used, foods cooked and health benefits
- Create a summary table showing similarities and differences between the three methods

Why should we use different cooking methods rather than relying on only one method?

- MTP Agriculture Grade 7 pg. 63
- Exercise books
- Reference books and digital resources
- Activity journals
- Exercise books

- Written assignments - Oral questions

Food Production Processes

Cooking Food - Assessment

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Answer questions on grilling, roasting and steaming correctly
- Apply knowledge of cooking methods to real-life food preparation scenarios
- Demonstrate responsibility in handling cooking equipment safely

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Attempt written exercises on the three cooking methods
- Review answers and discuss corrections collaboratively
- Reflect on which cooking method best preserves nutrients and explain the reason

Which cooking method best preserves nutrients in food and why?

- MTP Agriculture Grade 7 pg. 63
- Written question sheets
- Exercise books

- Written tests - Oral questions

Food Production Processes
Hygiene Practices

Cooking Food - Extended practical: preparing a cooked meal
Hygiene in Rearing Animals - Introduction to hygiene practices

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Prepare food using one of the three methods learnt (grilling, roasting or steaming)
- Serve the cooked food while observing hygiene and food safety standards
- Appreciate varied cooking methods as a way of producing nutritious and appealing meals

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Plan and prepare a simple meal using a chosen method: grilling, roasting or steaming
- Observe safety and hygiene throughout the food preparation and cooking process
- Serve the prepared food and discuss its appearance, taste and nutritional value

How do the cooking methods learnt help us prepare nutritious and appealing meals?

- MTP Agriculture Grade 7 pg. 63
- Selected foods and appropriate cooking equipment
- Clean plates, serving utensils and kitchen gloves
- MTP Agriculture Grade 7 pg. 65
- Digital devices and Internet access
- Reference books and charts

- Observation - Activity journal

Hygiene Practices

Hygiene in Rearing Animals - Clean feeders, waterers and structures
Hygiene in Rearing Animals - Practical: Cleaning animal structures
Hygiene in Rearing Animals - Practical: Washing feeders and waterers

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Describe the hygiene requirements for animal feeders, waterers and housing structures
- Explain why dirty animals attract external parasites such as fleas and mites
- Appreciate the role of routine cleaning in keeping animals comfortable and disease-free

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Discuss the four key hygiene notes: clean feeders, clean water, clean housing, clean animals
- Identify the correct housing structures for dogs (kennel), cats (basket), rabbits (hutch) and poultry (coop)
- Discuss why bedding materials such as sawdust, wood chippings or straw must be kept clean and dry

How do we ensure that animal feeders, waterers and structures are always kept clean?

- MTP Agriculture Grade 7 pg. 65
- Reference books and digital resources
- Charts showing animal housing structures
- Animal structure (hutch, kennel or basket)
- Cobweb brush, hand brush, dustpan, clean bedding and dust mask
- Animal feeders and waterers
- Warm water, soap, scrubbing brush and waterproof gloves

- Oral questions - Written assignments

Hygiene Practices

Hygiene in Rearing Animals - Hygiene of animals: rabbits, poultry and cats
Hygiene in Rearing Animals - Practical: Bathing a dog and cleaning its kennel
Hygiene in Rearing Animals - Importance of hygiene in animal rearing

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain why rabbits, poultry and cats should never be bathed in water
- Describe how to maintain hygiene for animals that cannot be bathed
- Show responsibility in applying appropriate hygiene methods for different animals

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Discuss why rabbits, poultry and cats depend on a clean living space rather than bathing for hygiene
- Explain how to dust or spray animal shelters with appropriate pesticides to eliminate fleas and mites
- Discuss how the cleanliness of the living space directly influences the cleanliness of the animal

How do we maintain hygiene for animals that cannot be bathed in water?

- MTP Agriculture Grade 7 pg. 66
- Reference books and digital resources
- Pesticide spraying equipment (demonstration)
- Dog shampoo, warm water, dry towel, brush and waterproof gloves
- Bedding material and cleaning equipment
- MTP Agriculture Grade 7 pg. 67
- Charts showing healthy vs unhealthy animal conditions

- Oral questions - Written assignments

Hygiene Practices

Hygiene in Rearing Animals - Review
Hygiene in Rearing Animals - Assessment

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Summarise all hygiene practices for rearing domestic animals
- Identify the correct hygiene practice for each type of animal
- Show confidence in explaining and applying hygiene practices for domestic animals

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Review all hygiene practices: cleaning structures, feeders, waterers and animal bodies
- Discuss differences in hygiene requirements for dogs versus rabbits, cats and poultry
- Complete a class activity matching hygiene practices to specific animals and their housing structures

What are the key hygiene practices for each type of domestic animal and why do they differ?

- MTP Agriculture Grade 7 pg. 67
- Exercise books
- Reference books
- Written question sheets
- Exercise books

- Written assignments - Oral questions

Hygiene Practices

Laundry: Loose-Coloured Items - Introduction to loose-coloured articles

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain the meaning of loose-coloured articles and define the term "run"
- Describe why loose-coloured items require special care during laundering
- Show interest in learning the correct laundry procedures for loose-coloured articles

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Read the introduction and discuss what makes an article "loose coloured"
- Define "run" as the bleeding of dye or colour from fabric during washing
- Study the David jeans scenario and discuss what causes colour change after repeated washing

What are loose-coloured articles and why do they require special care during laundry?

- MTP Agriculture Grade 7 pg. 71
- A new and an old loose-coloured garment for comparison
- Reference books and digital resources

- Oral questions - Observation

Hygiene Practices

Laundry: Loose-Coloured Items - Observing colour change
Laundry: Loose-Coloured Items - Materials for laundering

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Observe and compare colour differences between a new and an old loose-coloured garment
- Explain the factors that cause fading in loose-coloured articles
- Appreciate the need for proper laundering to maintain the colour and quality of garments

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Observe two garments of the same colour (new and old loose-coloured school T-shirt)
- Discuss the differences in colour between the two garments and identify likely causes of fading
- Discuss what incorrect laundering practices may have contributed to colour loss in the older garment

What causes loose-coloured articles to lose their colour over time?

- MTP Agriculture Grade 7 pg. 71
- New and old loose-coloured garments for comparison
- Reference books
- Mild soap, salt, lemon or white vinegar, basin, pegs and warm water

- Oral questions - Observation

Hygiene Practices

Laundry: Loose-Coloured Items - Practical: Laundering a loose-coloured article

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Follow the correct procedure to launder a loose-coloured article
- Apply the kneading and squeezing washing method to avoid damaging the fabric
- Demonstrate thoroughness and care throughout the laundering process

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Repair the article if necessary, then wash in warm soapy water using kneading and squeezing
- Rinse in warm water to remove soap, then add salt and white vinegar or lemon in the final cold rinse
- Gently squeeze to remove excess water and hang to dry

How do we launder a loose-coloured article correctly to maintain its colour?

- MTP Agriculture Grade 7 pg. 71
- Loose-coloured article, mild soap, salt, lemon or white vinegar and basin
- Warm and cold water, pegs and drying line

- Observation - Activity journal

Hygiene Practices

Laundry: Loose-Coloured Items - Drying, finishing and reasons for special care

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Describe the correct drying and finishing steps for loose-coloured articles
- Explain three reasons why special care is taken when laundering loose-coloured items
- Show responsibility in caring for loose-coloured garments to prolong their life and colour

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Discuss how loose-coloured articles should be dried and finished (ironing if required)
- Explain why loose-coloured items must not be washed with white or fast-coloured items
- Discuss the three special care reasons: prevent colour running, prevent colour transfer, prevent colour fading

Why must loose-coloured articles never be washed together with white or fast-coloured items?

- MTP Agriculture Grade 7 pg. 71
- Iron box, ironing board, loose-coloured article
- Reference books

- Oral questions - Written assignments

Hygiene Practices

Laundry: Loose-Coloured Items - Full laundry process: sorting to finishing
Laundry: Loose-Coloured Items - Review

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Carry out the complete laundry process for a loose-coloured article from sorting to finishing
- Apply all special care guidelines throughout the laundering process
- Embrace laundering of loose-coloured articles as a regular hygiene practice

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Sort loose-coloured articles separately from white and fast-coloured items
- Carry out the full laundering process: wash, rinse with salt and vinegar/lemon, dry and finish
- Display the laundered article and discuss how each step contributed to colour preservation and hygiene

How does the full laundering process from sorting to finishing maintain the quality of loose-coloured articles?

- MTP Agriculture Grade 7 pg. 71
- Loose-coloured articles, laundering materials and drying line
- Iron box and ironing board
- Exercise books
- Reference books

- Observation - Activity journal

Hygiene Practices

Laundry: Loose-Coloured Items - Assessment

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Answer questions on laundering loose-coloured articles correctly
- Apply knowledge of the laundering procedure to real-life laundry scenarios
- Demonstrate commitment to adopting correct laundry practices at home

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Attempt written assessment questions on loose-coloured article laundering
- Review answers collaboratively and discuss correct procedures
- Reflect on the overall Strand 3 and identify key hygiene lessons learnt for both animal rearing and laundry

How do the hygiene practices learnt in this strand help us maintain cleanliness in our daily lives?

- MTP Agriculture Grade 7 pg. 71
- Written question sheets
- Exercise books

- Written tests - Oral questions