Measurements

Temperature - Temperature in our environment
Temperature - Comparing temperature

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Define temperature as degree of hotness or coldness
- Describe temperature conditions as warm, hot or cold
- Show interest in learning about temperature

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Take walk outside classroom and observe temperature
- Discuss temperature conditions as warm, hot or cold
- Record temperature changes at different times of day

What is temperature?

- Smart Minds Mathematics Learner's Book pg. 149
- Thermometers
- Charts
- Smart Minds Mathematics Learner's Book pg. 150
- Ice cubes
- Metallic and wooden objects

- Oral questions - Written exercises - Observation

Measurements

Temperature - Units of measuring temperature
Temperature - Converting °C to Kelvin

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Identify Celsius (°C) and Kelvin (K) as units of temperature
- Read temperature from thermometers
- Show confidence in reading temperature

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Visit health centre to see thermometer
- Identify °C and K symbols on thermometer
- Measure water temperature before and after heating

What are the units of measuring temperature?

- Smart Minds Mathematics Learner's Book pg. 151
- Thermometers
- Sufuria, water
- Smart Minds Mathematics Learner's Book pg. 153
- Calculators

- Written exercises - Oral questions - Observation

Measurements

Temperature - Converting Kelvin to °C

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain conversion of Kelvin to degrees Celsius
- Convert temperature from Kelvin to degrees Celsius
- Appreciate the use of temperature conversions

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Complete table showing daily temperatures in Kelvin
- Convert to °C by subtracting 273
- Solve problems about melting points and town temperatures

How do we convert Kelvin to degrees Celsius?

- Smart Minds Mathematics Learner's Book pg. 154
- Temperature tables
- Calculators

- Written exercises - Oral questions - Observation

Measurements

Temperature - Temperature changes
Money - Profit

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Calculate rise or drop in temperature
- Solve problems involving temperature changes
- Show interest in temperature changes in daily life

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Record temperature at different times (8:00 a.m., 2:00 p.m.)
- Calculate temperature rise: Final temp - Initial temp
- Calculate temperature drop: Initial temp - Final temp

How do we calculate temperature changes?

- Smart Minds Mathematics Learner's Book pg. 155
- Thermometers
- Digital devices
- Smart Minds Mathematics Learner's Book pg. 157
- Classroom shop
- Paper money

- Written assignments - Class activities - Oral questions

Measurements

Money - Loss
Money - Percentage profit

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Define loss in business transactions
- Calculate loss given buying and selling prices
- Appreciate the importance of avoiding loss in business

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Compare buying price and selling price in tables
- Identify when selling price is lower than buying price
- Establish: Loss = Buying price - Selling price

What is loss in business?

- Smart Minds Mathematics Learner's Book pg. 159
- Price tables
- Charts
- Smart Minds Mathematics Learner's Book pg. 160
- Tables
- Calculators

- Written assignments - Class activities - Oral questions

Measurements

Money - Percentage loss

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Define percentage loss
- Calculate percentage loss
- Value the importance of minimizing loss in business

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Draw tables with buying price, selling price and loss
- Work out percentage loss = (Loss ÷ Buying price) × 100%
- Solve problems about mattresses, dresses and sheep

How do we calculate percentage loss?

- Smart Minds Mathematics Learner's Book pg. 162
- Tables
- Calculators

- Written assignments - Class activities - Oral questions

Measurements

Money - Discount
Money - Percentage discount

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Define discount as reduction from marked price
- Calculate discount given marked price and selling price
- Appreciate the benefit of discounts to buyers

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Read story of Regina bargaining for shoes in shop
- Establish: Discount = Marked price - Selling price
- Solve problems about blouses, blankets and bicycles

What is a discount?

- Smart Minds Mathematics Learner's Book pg. 164
- Price tags
- Charts
- Smart Minds Mathematics Learner's Book pg. 166
- Tables
- Calculators

- Written exercises - Oral questions - Observation

Measurements

Money - Commission and percentage commission
Money - Interpreting bills

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Define commission as payment for selling goods
- Calculate commission and percentage commission
- Value the role of commission in business

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Read story of Mzee Mambo Leo's motor vehicle firm
- Study table showing Dansam's weekly commission
- Calculate: % Commission = (Commission ÷ Value of goods sold) × 100%

What is commission in business?

- Smart Minds Mathematics Learner's Book pg. 167
- Commission tables
- Calculators
- Smart Minds Mathematics Learner's Book pg. 171
- Sample bills
- Digital devices

- Written exercises - Oral questions - Observation

Measurements

Money - Preparing bills

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain the use of symbols @ and 'for' in bills
- Prepare bills for items purchased
- Show confidence in preparing bills

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Read story of Gillian buying items from kiosk
- Prepare bill showing items, quantities and prices
- Calculate total cost and balance

How do we prepare a bill?

- Smart Minds Mathematics Learner's Book pg. 172
- Bill formats
- Paper money

- Written exercises - Oral questions - Observation

Measurements

Money - Postal charges

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Identify postal services and charges
- Calculate cost of sending letters, parcels and postcards
- Appreciate postal services in communication

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Visit nearby post office to gather information
- Prepare chart showing postal charges by mass limits
- Calculate costs for different letters and parcels

How do we calculate postal charges?

- Smart Minds Mathematics Learner's Book pg. 173
- Postal charge tables
- Charts

- Written assignments - Class activities - Oral questions

Measurements

Money - Mobile money services

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Identify mobile money services (deposit, withdraw, transfer, save, borrow)
- Explain the importance of mobile money services
- Value the convenience of mobile money

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Read story of Mr Mamboleo using mobile money in his shop
- Identify services: pay bill, transfer, save, withdraw, borrow
- Complete word puzzle circling mobile money services

What are mobile money services?

- Smart Minds Mathematics Learner's Book pg. 178
- Word puzzles
- Charts

- Written exercises - Oral questions - Observation

Measurements

Money - Mobile money transactions

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Interpret mobile money transaction tables
- Calculate transfer costs, withdrawal costs and interest on loans
- Appreciate the efficiency of mobile money transactions

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Study Uwezo Mobile Money transaction tables
- Calculate costs for different transaction ranges
- Calculate interest on loans and savings from mobile lending apps

How do we calculate mobile money transaction costs?

- Smart Minds Mathematics Learner's Book pg. 179
- Transaction tables
- Calculators

- Written assignments - Class activities - Oral questions

Geometry

Angles - Angles on a straight line

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Identify angles formed on a straight line
- State that angles on a straight line add up to 180°
- Show interest in learning about angles

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Go outside classroom and identify angles made by objects in relation to ground
- Draw line AB and mark point P, measure angle APB using protractor
- Draw lines LP and KP and measure angles APL, LPK, KPB

What is the sum of angles on a straight line?

- Smart Minds Mathematics Learner's Book pg. 184
- Protractors
- Rulers

- Oral questions - Written exercises - Observation

Geometry

Angles - Angles at a point
Angles - Vertically opposite angles

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Identify angles formed at a point
- State that angles at a point add up to 360°
- Appreciate the relationship between angles at a point

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Trace and cut out diagram with angles ACB, ACD and BCD
- Use protractor to measure each angle
- Find sum of angles and establish they add up to 360°

What is the sum of angles at a point?

- Smart Minds Mathematics Learner's Book pg. 186
- Protractors
- Paper cut-outs
- Smart Minds Mathematics Learner's Book pg. 187
- Scissors

- Written assignments - Class activities - Oral questions

Geometry

Angles - Alternate angles on a transversal

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Define a transversal
- Identify alternate angles on a transversal
- Value the properties of alternate angles

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Draw two parallel lines and a transversal crossing them
- Mark angles d and f, cut them out using scissors
- Place angle f on top of angle d and compare (alternate angles are equal)

What are alternate angles?

- Smart Minds Mathematics Learner's Book pg. 188
- Rulers
- Scissors

- Written assignments - Class activities - Oral questions

Geometry

Angles - Corresponding angles on a transversal
Angles - Co-interior angles on a transversal

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Identify corresponding angles on a transversal
- State that corresponding angles are equal
- Show interest in properties of corresponding angles

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Draw pair of parallel lines and a transversal
- Mark angles v and r, cut them out
- Compare by placing one on top of the other (corresponding angles are equal)

What are corresponding angles?

- Smart Minds Mathematics Learner's Book pg. 190
- Rulers
- Scissors, protractors
- Smart Minds Mathematics Learner's Book pg. 191

- Written exercises - Oral questions - Observation

Geometry

Angles - Angles in a parallelogram

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Identify properties of angles in a parallelogram
- State that opposite angles are equal and interior angles add up to 360°
- Show confidence in working with parallelogram angles

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Use 4 straws and string to form rectangular shape
- Push top straw sideways to form parallelogram
- Measure angles a, b, c, d and find that opposite angles are equal

What are the properties of angles in a parallelogram?

- Smart Minds Mathematics Learner's Book pg. 193
- Straws, string
- Protractors

- Written exercises - Oral questions - Observation

Geometry

Angles - Interior angles of triangles, rectangles, squares
Angles - Interior angles of rhombus, parallelogram, trapezium, pentagon, hexagon

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Identify interior angles of triangles, rectangles and squares
- Calculate sum of interior angles
- Value the properties of interior angles

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Trace and draw triangle, cut angles a, b, c and make straight line (sum = 180°)
- Trace rectangle and square, measure interior angles
- Establish sum of interior angles is 360° for quadrilaterals

What is the sum of interior angles of a triangle?

- Smart Minds Mathematics Learner's Book pg. 195
- Protractors
- Polygon cut-outs
- Smart Minds Mathematics Learner's Book pg. 197
- Polygon cut-outs
- Protractors

- Written assignments - Class activities - Oral questions

Geometry

Angles - Exterior angles of polygons

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Identify exterior angles of polygons
- State that sum of exterior angles of any polygon is 360°
- Show interest in calculating exterior angles

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Trace and cut out quadrilateral, measure exterior angles A, B, C, D
- Find sum of exterior angles (360°)
- Draw and find sum of exterior angles of pentagon, hexagon

What is the sum of exterior angles of any polygon?

- Smart Minds Mathematics Learner's Book pg. 201
- Polygon cut-outs
- Protractors

- Written assignments - Class activities - Oral questions

Geometry

Geometrical Constructions - Measuring angles

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Use a protractor to measure angles accurately
- Draw angles of given sizes
- Show interest in measuring angles

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Trace and draw figures with angles ABC, BAC, ACB, ACD
- Place protractor with centre at vertex, straight edge along one line
- Read angle measure from correct scale

How do we measure angles using a protractor?

- Smart Minds Mathematics Learner's Book pg. 207
- Protractors
- Rulers

- Oral questions - Practical activities - Observation

Geometry

Geometrical Constructions - Bisecting angles
Geometrical Constructions - Constructing 90° angle

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Define angle bisector
- Bisect angles using a pair of compasses
- Appreciate the use of bisecting angles

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Trace and draw lines, measure angles ABC, ABD and DBC
- With compasses at point L, mark arcs on lines LK and LM at P and W
- With same radius at P and W, draw arcs to intersect at O, join O to L

What is an angle bisector?

- Smart Minds Mathematics Learner's Book pg. 208
- Pair of compasses
- Rulers
- Smart Minds Mathematics Learner's Book pg. 210
- Rulers, protractors

- Written assignments - Practical activities - Oral questions

Geometry

Geometrical Constructions - Constructing 45° angle
Geometrical Constructions - Constructing 60° angle

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Construct an angle of 45° by bisecting 90°
- Verify the constructed angle
- Value accuracy in geometrical constructions

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Draw horizontal line, mark point K
- Construct 90° angle (MKB = 90°)
- Bisect angle MKB: make arcs at S and R, draw arcs to intersect at O, join O to K

How do we construct an angle of 45°?

- Smart Minds Mathematics Learner's Book pg. 211
- Pair of compasses
- Rulers
- Smart Minds Mathematics Learner's Book pg. 213
- Rulers, protractors

- Written assignments - Practical activities - Oral questions

Geometry

Geometrical Constructions - Constructing 30° angle

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Construct an angle of 30° by bisecting 60°
- Verify the constructed angle
- Appreciate the relationship between 30° and 60° angles

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Draw straight line, mark point Y
- With Y as centre, make arc at D, with D as centre make arc at F
- Join F to Y (angle FYD = 60°), then bisect to get 30°

How do we construct an angle of 30°?

- Smart Minds Mathematics Learner's Book pg. 214
- Pair of compasses
- Rulers

- Written assignments - Practical activities - Oral questions

Geometry

Geometrical Constructions - Constructing 120° angle
Geometrical Constructions - Constructing 105° and 75° angles

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Construct an angle of 120° using a pair of compasses and ruler
- Verify the constructed angle
- Show confidence in constructing obtuse angles

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Draw straight line, mark point M
- With centre M, make arc at C, with centre C make arc at E
- With centre E and same radius, make arc at F, join E to M (angle EMB = 120°)

How do we construct an angle of 120°?

- Smart Minds Mathematics Learner's Book pg. 215
- Pair of compasses
- Rulers, protractors
- Smart Minds Mathematics Learner's Book pg. 216
- Rulers

- Practical exercises - Oral questions - Observation

Geometry

Geometrical Constructions - Constructing equilateral triangles

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Construct equilateral triangles using compasses and ruler
- Verify that all sides and angles are equal
- Appreciate properties of equilateral triangles

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Draw straight line, mark point Y, mark point X 6 cm away
- With Y as centre and radius 6 cm, draw arc above line
- With X as centre and same radius, draw arc to intersect at Z, join Z to Y and X

How do we construct an equilateral triangle?

- Smart Minds Mathematics Learner's Book pg. 218
- Pair of compasses
- Rulers

- Practical exercises - Oral questions - Observation

Geometry

Geometrical Constructions - Constructing isosceles triangles

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Construct isosceles triangles given side measurements
- Verify that two sides and two angles are equal
- Show confidence in constructing triangles

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Draw straight line, mark point M, mark point N 5 cm away
- With M as centre and radius 7 cm, draw arc above line
- With N as centre and radius 5 cm, draw arc to intersect at P, join points

How do we construct an isosceles triangle?

- Smart Minds Mathematics Learner's Book pg. 219
- Pair of compasses
- Rulers

- Written assignments - Practical activities - Oral questions

Geometry

Geometrical Constructions - Constructing scalene triangles

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Construct scalene triangles given three side measurements
- Verify that all sides and angles are different
- Value accuracy in triangle constructions

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Draw straight line, mark point A, mark point B 6 cm away
- With A as centre and radius 5 cm, draw arc
- With B as centre and radius 8 cm, draw arc to intersect at C, join points

How do we construct a scalene triangle?

- Smart Minds Mathematics Learner's Book pg. 220
- Pair of compasses
- Rulers

- Practical exercises - Oral questions - Observation

Geometry

Geometrical Constructions - Constructing circles

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Construct circles given radius or diameter
- Measure and verify the dimensions of constructed circles
- Appreciate the application of geometrical constructions in real life

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Use pair of compasses to draw circles with different diameters
- Measure diameter of circles drawn
- Calculate radius from diameter (radius = diameter ÷ 2)

How do we construct circles with given measurements?

- Smart Minds Mathematics Learner's Book pg. 221
- Pair of compasses
- Rulers

- Written assignments - Practical activities - Oral questions

Data Handling and Probability

Data Handling - Meaning of data and data collection

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Define data as information gathered by observation, questioning or measurement
- Collect data through simple activities
- Show interest in collecting data

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Use digital device to find meaning of data
- Select favourite fruit from options (banana, watermelon, orange, mango)
- Write favourite fruit on paper and drop in basket, count responses

What is data?

- Smart Minds Mathematics Learner's Book pg. 222
- Pieces of paper
- Basket

- Oral questions - Written exercises - Observation

Data Handling and Probability

Data Handling - Frequency tables
Data Handling - Determining suitable scale

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Define a frequency table
- Represent data using tally marks and frequency
- Appreciate the use of frequency tables in organizing data

- Ask class teacher to show class register
- Identify number of learners present each day
- Record findings using tally marks in frequency table

How do we represent data in a frequency table?

- Smart Minds Mathematics Learner's Book pg. 223
- Class registers
- Frequency table templates
- Smart Minds Mathematics Learner's Book pg. 225
- Graph papers
- Rulers

- Written assignments - Class activities - Oral questions

Data Handling and Probability

Data Handling - Drawing pictographs
Data Handling - Drawing bar graphs

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Define a pictograph
- Draw pictographs to represent data
- Value the use of pictures in representing data

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Study chart showing wild animals at Masai Mara National Park
- Trace and cut out animals, stick under suitable category
- Use symbols to represent quantities (key: 1 symbol = specific value)

What is a pictograph?

- Smart Minds Mathematics Learner's Book pg. 226
- Bloating paper
- Scissors, glue
- Smart Minds Mathematics Learner's Book pg. 228
- Graph papers
- Rulers, coloured pencils

- Written assignments - Practical activities - Oral questions

Data Handling and Probability

Data Handling - Interpreting information from bar graphs

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Read and interpret information from bar graphs
- Answer questions based on bar graph data
- Show interest in analyzing data from bar graphs

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Study bar graph showing fruits sold by Bahati in five days
- Identify scale used on vertical and horizontal axes
- Answer questions about highest, lowest values and comparisons

How do we interpret information from bar graphs?

- Smart Minds Mathematics Learner's Book pg. 231
- Bar graph samples
- Worksheets

- Written assignments - Class activities - Oral questions

Data Handling and Probability

Data Handling - Drawing pie charts
Data Handling - Interpreting pie charts

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Define a pie chart as a circle divided into sectors
- Calculate angles for each sector
- Draw pie charts to represent data

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Read story of Ndole the bus driver spending salary on fees, savings, food
- Draw circle and shade fractions (1/2, 1/4, 1/4)
- Calculate sector angles: (value ÷ total) × 360°

How do we draw a pie chart?

- Smart Minds Mathematics Learner's Book pg. 233
- Pair of compasses
- Protractors
- Smart Minds Mathematics Learner's Book pg. 236
- Pie chart samples
- Calculators

- Written exercises - Practical activities - Observation

Data Handling and Probability

Data Handling - Drawing line graphs

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Define a line graph as showing relationship between two quantities
- Draw line graphs to represent data
- Appreciate the use of line graphs in showing trends

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Study table showing packets of milk and cost in shillings
- Choose appropriate scale, draw and mark axes
- Plot points using table values, join points with straight line

How do we draw a line graph?

- Smart Minds Mathematics Learner's Book pg. 238
- Graph papers
- Rulers

- Written exercises - Practical activities - Observation

Data Handling and Probability

Data Handling - Interpreting travel graphs

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Draw and interpret travel graphs
- Calculate distance, time and speed from travel graphs
- Show interest in using graphs to represent journeys

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Study table showing Lugai's journey from town A to town B
- Draw travel graph with time on horizontal axis and distance on vertical axis
- Calculate distance at specific times, total time and average speed

How do we use travel graphs to show journeys?

- Smart Minds Mathematics Learner's Book pg. 240
- Graph papers
- Calculators

- Written assignments - Class activities - Oral questions