Measurements

Volume and Capacity - The cubic metre (m³)
Volume and Capacity - Converting m³ to cm³

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Identify the cubic metre as a unit of measuring volume
- Make a model of a 1 metre cube
- Show interest in measuring volume

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Use metre rule, long sticks and strings to measure and cut 12 sticks of 1 m each
- Join sticks using strings to form a 1 metre cube
- Observe safety when using panga to cut sticks

What is a cubic metre?

- Smart Minds Mathematics Learner's Book pg. 122
- Metre rule
- Long sticks, strings
- Smart Minds Mathematics Learner's Book pg. 123
- 1 metre cube model
- Calculators

- Oral questions - Practical activities - Observation

Measurements

Volume and Capacity - Converting cm³ to m³
Volume and Capacity - Volume of cubes

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain conversion of cm³ to m³
- Convert cubic centimetres to cubic metres
- Show confidence in converting units of volume

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Make number cards with volumes in cm³ (2,000,000 cm³, 7,000,000 cm³)
- Convert to m³ by dividing by 1,000,000
- Solve problems about oil tankers and water tanks

How do we convert cubic centimetres to cubic metres?

- Smart Minds Mathematics Learner's Book pg. 124
- Number cards
- Calculators
- Smart Minds Mathematics Learner's Book pg. 125

- Written exercises - Oral questions - Observation

Measurements

Volume and Capacity - Volume of cuboids
Volume and Capacity - Volume of cylinders

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- State the formula for volume of a cuboid
- Calculate volume of cuboids
- Appreciate the use of volume in real life

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Draw cuboid and shade one face (cross-sectional area)
- Establish: Volume = Length × Width × Height
- Model cuboids using locally available materials

How do we find the volume of a cuboid?

- Smart Minds Mathematics Learner's Book pg. 126
- Rulers
- Smart Minds Mathematics Learner's Book pg. 128

- Written exercises - Oral questions - Observation

Measurements

Volume and Capacity - Relating volume to capacity
Volume and Capacity - Application of volume and capacity

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- State the relationship between cm³, m³ and litres
- Convert between cm³, m³ and litres
- Value the relationship between volume and capacity

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Make model cube 10 cm × 10 cm × 10 cm
- Immerse in water and measure displaced water
- Establish: 1,000 cm³ = 1 litre, 1 m³ = 1,000 litres

What is the relationship between volume and capacity?

- Smart Minds Mathematics Learner's Book pg. 130
- Smart Minds Mathematics Learner's Book pg. 132
- Phone

- Written exercises - Oral questions - Observation

Measurements

Time, Distance and Speed - Units of measuring time
Time, Distance and Speed - Converting hours and minutes

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Identify units of measuring time
- Read time from clock faces and stopwatches
- Show interest in reading time

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Observe clock face with hour, minute and second hands
- Read time shown on stopwatches (hours, minutes, seconds)
- Draw clock faces showing different times

How do we read time from a clock face?

- Smart Minds Mathematics Learner's Book pg. 134
- Stopwatches
- Smart Minds Mathematics Learner's Book pg. 136

- Oral questions - Practical activities - Observation

Measurements

Time, Distance and Speed - Converting minutes and seconds
Time, Distance and Speed - Converting hours and seconds

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- State the relationship between minutes and seconds
- Convert minutes to seconds and seconds to minutes
- Show confidence in converting time units

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Use stopwatch to observe seconds in different minutes
- Establish: 1 minute = 60 seconds
- Solve problems about water pumps, walking distances

How do we convert minutes to seconds?

- Smart Minds Mathematics Learner's Book pg. 138
- Stopwatches
- Number cards
- Smart Minds Mathematics Learner's Book pg. 140
- Calculators

- Written exercises - Oral questions - Observation

Measurements

Time, Distance and Speed - Converting units of distance
Time, Distance and Speed - Speed in km/h

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- State the relationship between kilometres and metres
- Convert kilometres to metres and metres to kilometres
- Appreciate the use of distance conversions

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Estimate distances to nearby places in kilometres
- Convert estimated distances to metres
- Establish: 1 km = 1,000 m

How do we convert kilometres to metres?

- Smart Minds Mathematics Learner's Book pg. 142
- Maps
- Measuring tapes
- Smart Minds Mathematics Learner's Book pg. 144
- Athletics field
- Stopwatches

- Written exercises - Oral questions - Observation

Measurements

Time, Distance and Speed - Speed in m/s
Time, Distance and Speed - Converting km/h to m/s and vice versa

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Calculate speed in metres per second
- Solve problems involving speed in m/s
- Value the application of speed in real life

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Mark 100 m distance in the field
- Run 100 m race and record time using stopwatch
- Calculate speed in m/s

What is speed in metres per second?

- Smart Minds Mathematics Learner's Book pg. 145
- Stopwatches
- Smart Minds Mathematics Learner's Book pg. 146
- Laptop

- Written exercises - Oral questions - Observation

Measurements

Temperature - Temperature in our environment
Temperature - Comparing temperature

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Define temperature as degree of hotness or coldness
- Describe temperature conditions as warm, hot or cold
- Show interest in learning about temperature

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Take walk outside classroom and observe temperature
- Discuss temperature conditions as warm, hot or cold
- Record temperature changes at different times of day

What is temperature?

- Smart Minds Mathematics Learner's Book pg. 149
- Thermometers
- Smart Minds Mathematics Learner's Book pg. 150

- Oral questions - Written exercises - Observation

Measurements

Temperature - Units of measuring temperature

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Identify Celsius (°C) and Kelvin (K) as units of temperature
- Read temperature from thermometers
- Show confidence in reading temperature

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Visit health centre to see thermometer
- Identify °C and K symbols on thermometer
- Measure water temperature before and after heating

What are the units of measuring temperature?

- Smart Minds Mathematics Learner's Book pg. 151
- Thermometers

- Written exercises - Oral questions - Observation

Measurements

Temperature - Converting °C to Kelvin
Temperature - Converting Kelvin to °C

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- State the relationship between °C and Kelvin
- Convert temperature from degrees Celsius to Kelvin
- Value accuracy in temperature conversions

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Measure water temperature before heating and at boiling point
- Compare readings in °C and Kelvin
- Establish: Kelvin = °C + 273

How do we convert degrees Celsius to Kelvin?

- Smart Minds Mathematics Learner's Book pg. 153
- Thermometers
- Calculators
- Smart Minds Mathematics Learner's Book pg. 154

- Written assignments - Class activities - Oral questions

Measurements

Temperature - Temperature changes
Money - Profit

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Calculate rise or drop in temperature
- Solve problems involving temperature changes
- Show interest in temperature changes in daily life

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Record temperature at different times (8:00 a.m., 2:00 p.m.)
- Calculate temperature rise: Final temp - Initial temp
- Calculate temperature drop: Initial temp - Final temp

How do we calculate temperature changes?

- Smart Minds Mathematics Learner's Book pg. 155
- Thermometers
- Laptop
- Smart Minds Mathematics Learner's Book pg. 157

- Written assignments - Class activities - Oral questions

Measurements

Money - Loss
Money - Percentage profit

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Define loss in business transactions
- Calculate loss given buying and selling prices
- Appreciate the importance of avoiding loss in business

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Compare buying price and selling price in tables
- Identify when selling price is lower than buying price
- Establish: Loss = Buying price - Selling price

What is loss in business?

- Smart Minds Mathematics Learner's Book pg. 159
- Smart Minds Mathematics Learner's Book pg. 160

- Written assignments - Class activities - Oral questions

Measurements

Money - Percentage loss
Money - Discount

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Define percentage loss
- Calculate percentage loss
- Value the importance of minimizing loss in business

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Draw tables with buying price, selling price and loss
- Work out percentage loss = (Loss ÷ Buying price) × 100%
- Solve problems about mattresses, dresses and sheep

How do we calculate percentage loss?

- Smart Minds Mathematics Learner's Book pg. 162
- Tables
- Calculators
- Smart Minds Mathematics Learner's Book pg. 164

- Written assignments - Class activities - Oral questions

Measurements

Money - Percentage discount
Money - Commission and percentage commission

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Define percentage discount
- Calculate percentage discount
- Show interest in calculating discounts

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Complete tables with marked price, selling price and discount
- Work out percentage discount = (Discount ÷ Marked price) × 100%
- Solve problems about motorcycles, cars and blankets

How do we calculate percentage discount?

- Smart Minds Mathematics Learner's Book pg. 166
- Calculators
- Smart Minds Mathematics Learner's Book pg. 167

- Written assignments - Class activities - Oral questions

Measurements

Money - Interpreting bills
Money - Preparing bills

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Identify different types of bills
- Interpret components of bills (date, amount, items)
- Appreciate the importance of bills in transactions

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Look at water bills and electricity bills
- Identify components: billing date, metre number, amount payable
- Use digital devices to search for other types of bills

What are the components of a bill?

- Smart Minds Mathematics Learner's Book pg. 171
- Phones
- Smart Minds Mathematics Learner's Book pg. 172

- Written assignments - Class activities - Oral questions

Measurements

Money - Postal charges

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Identify postal services and charges
- Calculate cost of sending letters, parcels and postcards
- Appreciate postal services in communication

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Visit nearby post office to gather information
- Prepare chart showing postal charges by mass limits
- Calculate costs for different letters and parcels

How do we calculate postal charges?

- Smart Minds Mathematics Learner's Book pg. 173

- Written assignments - Class activities - Oral questions

Measurements

Money - Mobile money services

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Identify mobile money services (deposit, withdraw, transfer, save, borrow)
- Explain the importance of mobile money services
- Value the convenience of mobile money

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Read story of Mr Mamboleo using mobile money in his shop
- Identify services: pay bill, transfer, save, withdraw, borrow
- Complete word puzzle circling mobile money services

What are mobile money services?

- Smart Minds Mathematics Learner's Book pg. 178

- Written exercises - Oral questions - Observation

Measurements

Money - Mobile money transactions

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Interpret mobile money transaction tables
- Calculate transfer costs, withdrawal costs and interest on loans
- Appreciate the efficiency of mobile money transactions

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Study Uwezo Mobile Money transaction tables
- Calculate costs for different transaction ranges
- Calculate interest on loans and savings from mobile lending apps

How do we calculate mobile money transaction costs?

- Smart Minds Mathematics Learner's Book pg. 179

- Written assignments - Class activities - Oral questions

Geometry

Angles - Angles on a straight line

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Identify angles formed on a straight line
- State that angles on a straight line add up to 180°
- Show interest in learning about angles

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Go outside classroom and identify angles made by objects in relation to ground
- Draw line AB and mark point P, measure angle APB using protractor
- Draw lines LP and KP and measure angles APL, LPK, KPB

What is the sum of angles on a straight line?

- Smart Minds Mathematics Learner's Book pg. 184
- Protractors
- Rulers

- Oral questions - Written exercises - Observation

Geometry

Angles - Angles at a point
Angles - Vertically opposite angles

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Identify angles formed at a point
- State that angles at a point add up to 360°
- Appreciate the relationship between angles at a point

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Trace and cut out diagram with angles ACB, ACD and BCD
- Use protractor to measure each angle
- Find sum of angles and establish they add up to 360°

What is the sum of angles at a point?

- Smart Minds Mathematics Learner's Book pg. 186
- Protractors
- Smart Minds Mathematics Learner's Book pg. 187

- Written assignments - Class activities - Oral questions

Geometry

Angles - Alternate angles on a transversal
Angles - Corresponding angles on a transversal

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Define a transversal
- Identify alternate angles on a transversal
- Value the properties of alternate angles

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Draw two parallel lines and a transversal crossing them
- Mark angles d and f, cut them out using scissors
- Place angle f on top of angle d and compare (alternate angles are equal)

What are alternate angles?

- Smart Minds Mathematics Learner's Book pg. 188
- Smart Minds Mathematics Learner's Book pg. 190

- Written assignments - Class activities - Oral questions

Geometry

Angles - Co-interior angles on a transversal
Angles - Angles in a parallelogram

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Identify co-interior angles on a transversal
- State that co-interior angles add up to 180°
- Appreciate the relationship between co-interior angles

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Draw pair of parallel lines and a transversal
- Mark angles n and p, cut them out
- Place two angles on a straight line and observe they add up to 180°

What is the sum of co-interior angles?

- Smart Minds Mathematics Learner's Book pg. 191
- Rulers
- Scissors, protractors
- Smart Minds Mathematics Learner's Book pg. 193
- Straws, string
- Protractors

- Written assignments - Class activities - Oral questions

Geometry

Angles - Interior angles of triangles, rectangles, squares
Angles - Interior angles of rhombus, parallelogram, trapezium, pentagon, hexagon

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Identify interior angles of triangles, rectangles and squares
- Calculate sum of interior angles
- Value the properties of interior angles

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Trace and draw triangle, cut angles a, b, c and make straight line (sum = 180°)
- Trace rectangle and square, measure interior angles
- Establish sum of interior angles is 360° for quadrilaterals

What is the sum of interior angles of a triangle?

- Smart Minds Mathematics Learner's Book pg. 195
- Protractors
- Polygon cut-outs
- Smart Minds Mathematics Learner's Book pg. 197
- Polygon cut-outs
- Protractors

- Written assignments - Class activities - Oral questions

Geometry

Angles - Exterior angles of polygons

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Identify exterior angles of polygons
- State that sum of exterior angles of any polygon is 360°
- Show interest in calculating exterior angles

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Trace and cut out quadrilateral, measure exterior angles A, B, C, D
- Find sum of exterior angles (360°)
- Draw and find sum of exterior angles of pentagon, hexagon

What is the sum of exterior angles of any polygon?

- Smart Minds Mathematics Learner's Book pg. 201
- Polygon cut-outs
- Protractors

- Written assignments - Class activities - Oral questions

Geometry

Geometrical Constructions - Measuring angles
Geometrical Constructions - Bisecting angles

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Use a protractor to measure angles accurately
- Draw angles of given sizes
- Show interest in measuring angles

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Trace and draw figures with angles ABC, BAC, ACB, ACD
- Place protractor with centre at vertex, straight edge along one line
- Read angle measure from correct scale

How do we measure angles using a protractor?

- Smart Minds Mathematics Learner's Book pg. 207
- Protractors
- Rulers
- Smart Minds Mathematics Learner's Book pg. 208
- Pair of compasses

- Oral questions - Practical activities - Observation

Geometry

Geometrical Constructions - Constructing 90° angle
Geometrical Constructions - Constructing 45° angle

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Construct an angle of 90° using a pair of compasses and ruler
- Verify the constructed angle using a protractor
- Show confidence in constructing 90° angles

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Draw horizontal line, mark point A
- With compasses at A, make arcs on line at points X and Y
- With centres X and Y, draw arcs above line to intersect at T, join T to A

How do we construct an angle of 90°?

- Smart Minds Mathematics Learner's Book pg. 210
- Pair of compasses
- Rulers, protractors
- Smart Minds Mathematics Learner's Book pg. 211
- Rulers

- Practical exercises - Oral questions - Observation

Geometry

Geometrical Constructions - Constructing 60° angle
Geometrical Constructions - Constructing 30° angle

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Construct an angle of 60° using a pair of compasses and ruler
- Verify the constructed angle using a protractor
- Show interest in constructing angles

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Draw straight line, mark point A
- With A as centre, make arc intersecting line at Y
- With Y as centre and same radius, draw arc to intersect first at K, join K to A

How do we construct an angle of 60°?

- Smart Minds Mathematics Learner's Book pg. 213
- Pair of compasses
- Rulers, protractors
- Smart Minds Mathematics Learner's Book pg. 214
- Rulers

- Practical exercises - Oral questions - Observation

Geometry

Geometrical Constructions - Constructing 120° angle

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Construct an angle of 120° using a pair of compasses and ruler
- Verify the constructed angle
- Show confidence in constructing obtuse angles

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Draw straight line, mark point M
- With centre M, make arc at C, with centre C make arc at E
- With centre E and same radius, make arc at F, join E to M (angle EMB = 120°)

How do we construct an angle of 120°?

- Smart Minds Mathematics Learner's Book pg. 215
- Pair of compasses
- Rulers, protractors

- Practical exercises - Oral questions - Observation

Geometry

Geometrical Constructions - Constructing 105° and 75° angles
Geometrical Constructions - Constructing equilateral triangles

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Construct angles of 105° and 75°
- Combine construction of 90° and 60° to get 105°
- Value the application of angle constructions

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Draw line MN, mark point T
- Construct 90° angle (NTO = 90°), then construct 60° on other side (angle KTO = 60°)
- Bisect angle KTO to get 30°, thus angle PTN = 90° + 15° = 105°

How do we construct an angle of 105°?

- Smart Minds Mathematics Learner's Book pg. 216
- Pair of compasses
- Rulers
- Smart Minds Mathematics Learner's Book pg. 218

- Written assignments - Practical activities - Oral questions

Geometry

Geometrical Constructions - Constructing isosceles triangles

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Construct isosceles triangles given side measurements
- Verify that two sides and two angles are equal
- Show confidence in constructing triangles

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Draw straight line, mark point M, mark point N 5 cm away
- With M as centre and radius 7 cm, draw arc above line
- With N as centre and radius 5 cm, draw arc to intersect at P, join points

How do we construct an isosceles triangle?

- Smart Minds Mathematics Learner's Book pg. 219
- Pair of compasses
- Rulers

- Written assignments - Practical activities - Oral questions

Geometry

Geometrical Constructions - Constructing scalene triangles

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Construct scalene triangles given three side measurements
- Verify that all sides and angles are different
- Value accuracy in triangle constructions

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Draw straight line, mark point A, mark point B 6 cm away
- With A as centre and radius 5 cm, draw arc
- With B as centre and radius 8 cm, draw arc to intersect at C, join points

How do we construct a scalene triangle?

- Smart Minds Mathematics Learner's Book pg. 220
- Pair of compasses
- Rulers

- Practical exercises - Oral questions - Observation

Geometry

Geometrical Constructions - Constructing circles

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Construct circles given radius or diameter
- Measure and verify the dimensions of constructed circles
- Appreciate the application of geometrical constructions in real life

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Use pair of compasses to draw circles with different diameters
- Measure diameter of circles drawn
- Calculate radius from diameter (radius = diameter ÷ 2)

How do we construct circles with given measurements?

- Smart Minds Mathematics Learner's Book pg. 221
- Pair of compasses
- Rulers

- Written assignments - Practical activities - Oral questions

Data Handling and Probability

Data Handling - Meaning of data and data collection
Data Handling - Frequency tables

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Define data as information gathered by observation, questioning or measurement
- Collect data through simple activities
- Show interest in collecting data

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Use digital device to find meaning of data
- Select favourite fruit from options (banana, watermelon, orange, mango)
- Write favourite fruit on paper and drop in basket, count responses

What is data?

- Smart Minds Mathematics Learner's Book pg. 222
- Smart Minds Mathematics Learner's Book pg. 223
- Class registers

- Oral questions - Written exercises - Observation

Data Handling and Probability

Data Handling - Determining suitable scale
Data Handling - Drawing pictographs

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain the importance of choosing appropriate scale
- Determine suitable scale for vertical and horizontal axes
- Show confidence in selecting scales for graphs

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Compare Anne's and Josephine's graph scales
- Observe that congested scales make graphs hard to interpret
- Use multiples of 2 or 5 to make divisions easy to plot

Why is it important to choose a suitable scale for graphs?

- Smart Minds Mathematics Learner's Book pg. 225
- Graph papers
- Rulers
- Smart Minds Mathematics Learner's Book pg. 226

- Written exercises - Oral questions - Observation

Data Handling and Probability

Data Handling - Drawing bar graphs
Data Handling - Interpreting information from bar graphs

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Identify components of a bar graph (axes, bars, scale)
- Draw bar graphs to represent data
- Appreciate the use of bar graphs in data representation

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Make boxes of different colours and pile similar colours together
- Draw two axes: vertical (frequency) and horizontal (categories)
- Draw bars of same thickness with heights representing values

How do we draw a bar graph?

- Smart Minds Mathematics Learner's Book pg. 228
- Graph papers
- Rulers, coloured pencils
- Smart Minds Mathematics Learner's Book pg. 231
- Bar graph samples
- Worksheets

- Written exercises - Practical activities - Observation

Data Handling and Probability

Data Handling - Drawing pie charts
Data Handling - Interpreting pie charts

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Define a pie chart as a circle divided into sectors
- Calculate angles for each sector
- Draw pie charts to represent data

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Read story of Ndole the bus driver spending salary on fees, savings, food
- Draw circle and shade fractions (1/2, 1/4, 1/4)
- Calculate sector angles: (value ÷ total) × 360°

How do we draw a pie chart?

- Smart Minds Mathematics Learner's Book pg. 233
- Pair of compasses
- Protractors
- Smart Minds Mathematics Learner's Book pg. 236
- Calculators

- Written exercises - Practical activities - Observation

Data Handling and Probability

Data Handling - Drawing line graphs

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Define a line graph as showing relationship between two quantities
- Draw line graphs to represent data
- Appreciate the use of line graphs in showing trends

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Study table showing packets of milk and cost in shillings
- Choose appropriate scale, draw and mark axes
- Plot points using table values, join points with straight line

How do we draw a line graph?

- Smart Minds Mathematics Learner's Book pg. 238
- Graph papers
- Rulers

- Written exercises - Practical activities - Observation

Data Handling and Probability

Data Handling - Interpreting travel graphs

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Draw and interpret travel graphs
- Calculate distance, time and speed from travel graphs
- Show interest in using graphs to represent journeys

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Study table showing Lugai's journey from town A to town B
- Draw travel graph with time on horizontal axis and distance on vertical axis
- Calculate distance at specific times, total time and average speed

How do we use travel graphs to show journeys?

- Smart Minds Mathematics Learner's Book pg. 240
- Graph papers
- Calculators

- Written assignments - Class activities - Oral questions