Business and Its Environment

Entrepreneurship - Meaning of entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial skills
Entrepreneurship - Importance of entrepreneurial skills for economic development
Entrepreneurship - Types of entrepreneurs (Innovative and imitative)
Entrepreneurship - Types of entrepreneurs (Social, hustler and researcher)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Define entrepreneur and entrepreneurship
- Identify entrepreneurial skills needed for economic growth
- Develop creative thinking in solving everyday problems
- Identify types of entrepreneurs
- Distinguish between innovative and imitative entrepreneurs
- Appreciate different approaches to starting businesses

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Brainstorm and present on entrepreneurial skills
- Analyse mind map on essential skills
- Discuss innovation, creativity and risk management
- Discuss and present on types of entrepreneurs
- Search for information on innovative and imitative entrepreneurs
- Analyse examples of each type

What skills do you need to become a successful entrepreneur?
What is the difference between innovative and imitative entrepreneurs?

- MASTER Business Studies Learner's Book pg. 99
- Mind maps on entrepreneurial skills
- Digital resources
- MASTER Business Studies Learner's Book pg. 101
- Reference materials
- Charts on economic contribution
- MASTER Business Studies Learner's Book pg. 102
- Case studies of entrepreneurs
- Digital devices
- MASTER Business Studies Learner's Book pg. 103
- Entrepreneur profiles
- Matching worksheets

- Oral questions - Written exercises - Self-assessment
- Case study analysis - Oral questions - Written exercises

Business and Its Environment

Entrepreneurship - Evaluating business ideas and opportunities
Entrepreneurship - Factors to consider when evaluating business ideas

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Define business idea and business opportunity
- Distinguish between a business idea and a viable opportunity
- Evaluate personal ideas for potential business ventures

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Read and analyse case studies on business ideas
- Discuss Sarah's phone repair and Tom's tutoring businesses
- Share experiences on business ideas and opportunities

How do you know if a business idea is a good opportunity?

- MASTER Business Studies Learner's Book pg. 104
- Case studies: Sarah and Tom
- Evaluation templates
- MASTER Business Studies Learner's Book pg. 106
- Business idea evaluation sheets
- Digital resources

- Case study analysis - Oral questions - Written exercises

Business and Its Environment

Entrepreneurship - Importance of business incubation
Entrepreneurship - Activities at business incubation centres

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Define business incubation and business incubator
- Explain the importance of incubation for business growth
- Seek mentorship and support when starting new projects

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Search for information on business incubation
- Discuss services provided by business incubators
- Present on importance of incubation

What support do business incubators provide to new entrepreneurs?

- MASTER Business Studies Learner's Book pg. 107
- Information on incubation centres
- Digital devices
- MASTER Business Studies Learner's Book pg. 108
- Virtual tour resources
- Resource person

- Oral questions - Written exercises - Group discussion

Business and Its Environment

Entrepreneurship - Identifying opportunities and starting a business in school
Entrepreneurship - Planning and launching a school business

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Identify business opportunities within the school environment
- Outline steps for starting a business
- Take initiative in identifying opportunities around

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Identify problems or needs at school that can be business opportunities
- Brainstorm business ideas to solve identified problems
- Evaluate ideas considering demand and resources

What business opportunities exist in your school?

- MASTER Business Studies Learner's Book pg. 109
- Opportunity identification templates
- School environment
- MASTER Business Studies Learner's Book pg. 110
- Business plan templates
- Start-up materials

- Oral questions - Written assignment - Brainstorming session

Business and Its Environment

Entrepreneurship - Conducting self-entrepreneurial assessment
Entrepreneurship - Compiling business ideas and determining suitability
Production - Meaning and importance of production in an economy

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Conduct self-entrepreneurial assessment on personal qualities
- Identify personal strengths and weaknesses as an entrepreneur
- Work on improving weak areas for personal growth
- Compile a list of business ideas
- Determine suitability of business ideas as opportunities
- Make informed decisions about viable business ventures

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Think about personal qualities important for entrepreneurs
- Rate yourself on entrepreneurial qualities
- Identify strengths and areas for improvement
- Compile a list of business ideas from brainstorming
- Rate each idea based on suitability factors
- Choose the top business idea for further development

What are your strengths and weaknesses as a potential entrepreneur?
How do you determine if a business idea is suitable for you?

- MASTER Business Studies Learner's Book pg. 111
- Self-assessment worksheets
- Rating scales
- MASTER Business Studies Learner's Book pg. 112
- Business idea compilation sheets
- Rating templates
- MASTER Business Studies Learner's Book pg. 113
- Pictures of production processes
- Charts on production importance

- Self-assessment exercise - Written reflection - Peer discussion
- Compilation exercise - Oral presentation - Written assignment

Business and Its Environment

Production - Benefits of production to the economy
Production - Factors of production (Land and labour)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Analyse the benefits of production to the economy
- Explain how production creates jobs and supports trade
- Support locally produced goods to boost the economy

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Search for information on importance of production
- Discuss job creation, wealth and improved living standards
- Present on production and economic development

How does production contribute to job creation?

- MASTER Business Studies Learner's Book pg. 115
- Economic charts
- Digital resources
- MASTER Business Studies Learner's Book pg. 116
- Video clips
- Pictures of land and labour

- Oral presentation - Written assignment - Peer assessment

Business and Its Environment

Production - Factors of production (Capital and entrepreneurship)
Production - Types of costs in a production unit (Fixed and variable costs)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain capital and entrepreneurship as factors of production
- Describe how all factors of production work together
- Recognize the role of entrepreneurs in organizing production

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Search for information on capital and entrepreneurship
- Discuss examples of capital goods and entrepreneur roles
- Present on how factors combine in production

How do entrepreneurs organize the factors of production?

- MASTER Business Studies Learner's Book pg. 118
- Pictures of capital goods
- Reference materials
- MASTER Business Studies Learner's Book pg. 119
- Cost classification charts
- Case scenarios

- Oral presentation - Written questions - Group discussion

Business and Its Environment

Production - Types of costs (Total, marginal and average costs)
Production - Computing types of costs in production

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Define total cost, marginal cost and average cost
- Calculate different types of costs in production
- Apply cost calculations when planning personal projects

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Search for information on total, marginal and average costs
- Compute types of costs using given data
- Discuss cost calculations for a chair factory

How do you calculate the total cost of production?

- MASTER Business Studies Learner's Book pg. 120
- Calculators
- Cost calculation worksheets
- MASTER Business Studies Learner's Book pg. 122
- Practice exercises
- Calculators

- Calculation exercises - Written questions - Peer assessment

Business and Its Environment

Production - Division of labour and specialisation
Production - Advantages and disadvantages of division of labour and specialisation
Production - Roles and responsibilities of a producer to consumer

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Define division of labour and specialisation
- Distinguish between division of labour and specialisation
- Specialize in tasks where personal strengths lie
- Explain the roles of a producer to consumers
- Describe responsibilities of producers in ensuring quality and safety
- Expect quality products and honest information from businesses

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Search for information on division of labour and specialisation
- Discuss meanings and differences
- Analyse Bilha's presentation on advantages and disadvantages
- Read and analyse case study on Chap Chap Posho Mill
- Role play functions of producer to consumer
- Discuss roles like creating goods, ensuring quality and setting prices

What is the difference between division of labour and specialisation?
What responsibilities do producers have towards their customers?

- MASTER Business Studies Learner's Book pg. 124
- Comparison charts
- Digital resources
- MASTER Business Studies Learner's Book pg. 126
- Debate guidelines
- Chart materials
- MASTER Business Studies Learner's Book pg. 128
- Case study: Chap Chap Posho Mill
- Role play props

- Oral questions - Written exercises - Group discussion
- Case study analysis - Role play observation - Written questions

Business and Its Environment

Production - Designing an appropriate label for a product
Production - Creating product labels with required information

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain the functions of product labelling
- Design an appropriate label for a product
- Read product labels to make informed purchasing decisions

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Discuss functions of labelling (identification, information, safety)
- Use available resources to design a product label
- Present designed labels to class

What information should be included on a product label?

- MASTER Business Studies Learner's Book pg. 131
- Sample product labels
- Design materials
- MASTER Business Studies Learner's Book pg. 133
- Label templates
- Marking pens and materials

- Label design exercise - Oral presentation - Peer assessment

Business and Its Environment

Consumer Satisfaction - Meaning and importance of consumer satisfaction
Consumer Satisfaction - Benefits of consumer satisfaction to businesses

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Define consumer satisfaction
- Explain the importance of consumer satisfaction in business
- Provide feedback to businesses about products and services

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Discuss and present on the meaning of consumer satisfaction
- Search for importance of consumer satisfaction
- Analyse picture of satisfied customer

Why is customer satisfaction important for a business?

- MASTER Business Studies Learner's Book pg. 137
- Pictures of customer interactions
- Digital resources
- MASTER Business Studies Learner's Book pg. 139
- Case studies
- Charts on customer benefits

- Oral questions - Written exercises - Group discussion

Business and Its Environment

Consumer Satisfaction - Terms and conditions for supply of goods and services
Consumer Satisfaction - Understanding warranties, refunds and consumer rights

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Define terms and conditions in supply of goods
- Identify terms and conditions such as payment terms and warranties
- Read terms and conditions before making purchases

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Search for information on terms and conditions
- Study invoice and warranty images
- Discuss payment terms, delivery, returns and guarantees

What terms and conditions should you check before buying a product?

- MASTER Business Studies Learner's Book pg. 140
- Sample invoices and warranties
- Digital resources
- MASTER Business Studies Learner's Book pg. 142
- Video clips
- Consumer rights materials

- Oral questions - Written exercises - Document analysis

Business and Its Environment
Business and Its Environment
Government and Global Influence in Business
Government and Global Influence in Business

Consumer Satisfaction - Remedies for consumer satisfaction
Consumer Satisfaction - Proactive and reactive strategies for customer satisfaction
Consumer Satisfaction - Carrying out customer satisfaction survey
International Trade - Meaning and classification of international trade
International Trade - Importance of international trade

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Identify remedies available for consumer satisfaction
- Distinguish between proactive and reactive remedies
- Seek appropriate remedies when dissatisfied with products
- Prepare a questionnaire for customer satisfaction survey
- Carry out a simple customer satisfaction survey
- Use feedback to improve personal service to others

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Share experiences on consumer satisfaction remedies
- Role play remedies for consumer satisfaction
- Analyse case study on Jane's laptop charger
- Prepare questionnaire to collect data on consumer satisfaction
- Distribute and collect survey responses
- Analyse findings and present report

What remedies are available when a customer is not satisfied?
How do businesses find out if their customers are satisfied?

- MASTER Business Studies Learner's Book pg. 143
- Case study: Jane's laptop
- Role play props
- MASTER Business Studies Learner's Book pg. 145
- Strategy charts
- Reference materials
- MASTER Business Studies Learner's Book pg. 147
- Survey questionnaires
- Data analysis templates
- Master Business Studies pg. 168
- Digital resources
- Charts
- Master Business Studies pg. 170
- Reference books

- Role play observation - Case study analysis - Written assignment
- Survey implementation - Report presentation - Written assignment

Government and Global Influence in Business

International Trade - Balance of trade and balance of payment
International Trade - Advantages of international trade
International Trade - Disadvantages of international trade

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Define balance of trade and balance of payment
- Differentiate between balance of trade and balance of payment
- Relate trade balance to a country's economic health

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Use available digital devices or relevant books to search for the meaning of balance of trade and balance of payment
- Discuss findings with group members
- Present findings to classmates

What are the benefits of international trade?

- Master Business Studies pg. 171
- Digital resources
- Charts
- Master Business Studies pg. 172
- Reference books
- Master Business Studies pg. 173

- Oral questions - Observation

Government and Global Influence in Business

International Trade - Terms of sale in international trade
International Trade - Terms of payment in international trade
International Trade - Digital applications in international trade

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Define terms of sale in international trade
- Explain LOCO, FOR, DD and FAS terms of sale
- Apply terms of sale to pricing of imported goods

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Find out from the internet or relevant print materials information on the terms of sale used in international trade
- Write down and explain the terms found from the search
- Discuss findings in groups

What are the benefits of international trade?

- Master Business Studies pg. 174
- Digital resources
- Charts
- Master Business Studies pg. 175
- Reference books
- Master Business Studies pg. 177
- Internet access

- Oral questions - Written assignments

Government and Global Influence in Business

International Trade - Local products for export

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Identify local products that can be developed for export
- Prepare questionnaires to collect data on local products
- Connect local agricultural products to export opportunities

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Prepare questionnaires to collect data on local products
- Carry out a survey in the community on local products that can be developed for export
- Discuss the outcomes of the survey

What are the benefits of international trade?

- Master Business Studies pg. 178
- Survey tools
- Questionnaires
- Digital resources

- Oral questions - Project work assessment

Government and Global Influence in Business
Financial Records in Business

International Trade - Importance of international trade to an economy
Business Transactions - Meaning and types of business transactions
Business Transactions - Cash and credit transactions
Business Transactions - Methods of payment for goods and services
Business Transactions - Methods of payment for goods and services
Business Transactions - Survey on methods of payment in schools

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Summarize the importance of international trade in an economy
- Evaluate the role of international trade in economic development
- Relate international trade to Kenya's economic growth and development
- Differentiate between cash and credit transactions
- Explain characteristics of cash and credit transactions
- Connect cash and credit transactions to shopping experiences in local shops

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Discuss the importance of international trade in an economy
- Share experiences on how international trade affects daily life
- Present findings to other groups in class
- Read case studies and identify types of business transactions
- Discuss the difference between cash and credit transactions
- Present findings to other members in class

What are the benefits of international trade?
Which are the methods used in making payment for goods and services?

- Master Business Studies pg. 179
- Digital resources
- Reference books
- Master Business Studies pg. 180
- Internet access
- Master Business Studies pg. 181
- Digital resources
- Case study extracts
- Master Business Studies pg. 182
- Pictures and photographs
- Master Business Studies pg. 183
- Charts
- Master Business Studies pg. 184
- Questionnaires
- Survey tools

- Oral questions - Written assignments

Financial Records in Business

Business Transactions - Advantages and disadvantages of payment methods
Effects of Business Transactions - Statement of financial position
Effects of Business Transactions - Effects of asset transactions
Effects of Business Transactions - Effects of liability transactions

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- State advantages and disadvantages of various payment methods
- Compare different methods of payment
- Apply knowledge of payment methods to make informed choices when paying for goods

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Discuss advantages and disadvantages of cash payments, bank transfers, mobile money, credit/debit cards, cheques and online platforms
- Present findings to classmates
- Write summary notes on methods of payment

Which are the methods used in making payment for goods and services?

- Master Business Studies pg. 185
- Digital resources
- Charts
- Master Business Studies pg. 189
- Worked examples
- Master Business Studies pg. 190
- Master Business Studies pg. 192
- Reference books

- Oral questions - Written assignments

Financial Records in Business

Effects of Business Transactions - Effects of capital transactions
Effects of Business Transactions - Computing effects of transactions
Effects of Business Transactions - Adjustments to statement of financial position

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Analyse effects of capital transactions on the statement of financial position
- Explain how owner investment, drawings, profits and losses affect capital
- Link capital changes to growth or decline of family businesses

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Discuss transactions that affect the amount of capital
- State the effects of owner investment, drawings, profits and losses on capital
- Present findings to classmates

How do business transactions affect the statement of financial position of a business?

- Master Business Studies pg. 193
- Digital resources
- Worked examples
- Master Business Studies pg. 195
- Calculators
- Master Business Studies pg. 197

- Oral questions - Observation

Financial Records in Business

Effects of Business Transactions - Adjustments to statement of financial position
Effects of Business Transactions - Preparing statement of financial position after adjustments
Source Documents and Books of Original Entry - Meaning and importance of source documents
Source Documents and Books of Original Entry - Meaning and importance of books of original entry

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Calculate new values of creditors, capital and loans after transactions
- Summarize effects of multiple transactions on the statement of financial position
- Relate adjustments to monitoring business health

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Calculate adjustments to creditors, capital and loan entries
- Discuss work with group members
- Present work to classmates

How do business transactions affect the statement of financial position of a business?

- Master Business Studies pg. 199
- Digital resources
- Calculators
- Master Business Studies pg. 200
- Worked examples
- Master Business Studies pg. 205
- Sample source documents
- Master Business Studies pg. 207
- Reference books

- Oral questions - Written assignments

Financial Records in Business

Source Documents and Books of Original Entry - Types of source documents
Source Documents and Books of Original Entry - Types of books of original entry
Source Documents and Books of Original Entry - Sales journal
Source Documents and Books of Original Entry - Sales returns journal

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Identify receipts and invoices as source documents
- Explain the purpose of receipts and invoices in business
- Relate receipts and invoices to documents received when buying goods
- Draw the format of a sales journal
- Explain the columns in a sales journal
- Relate sales journal to tracking credit sales in businesses

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Study the mind map showing types of source documents
- Search from the internet or relevant textbooks for information on receipts and invoices
- Discuss findings with group members
- Search for the format of a sales journal from the internet or relevant textbooks
- Draw the format of a sales journal
- Discuss the purpose of each column in the sales journal

What are the source documents used in bookkeeping?
Why are the books of original entry important in bookkeeping?

- Master Business Studies pg. 209
- Digital resources
- Sample receipts and invoices
- Master Business Studies pg. 210
- Sample credit and debit notes
- Master Business Studies pg. 211
- Sample documents
- Master Business Studies pg. 212
- Charts
- Master Business Studies pg. 213
- Digital resources
- Worked examples
- Master Business Studies pg. 214
- Practice exercises
- Master Business Studies pg. 215

- Oral questions - Observation

Financial Records in Business

Source Documents and Books of Original Entry - Purchases journal
Source Documents and Books of Original Entry - Purchases returns journal

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Draw the format of a purchases journal
- Record business transactions in a purchases journal
- Relate purchases journal to tracking credit purchases from suppliers

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Search from the internet or relevant textbooks the format of a purchases journal
- Record given credit purchases transactions in a purchases journal
- Present work to classmates

Why are the books of original entry important in bookkeeping?

- Master Business Studies pg. 217
- Digital resources
- Worked examples
- Master Business Studies pg. 219

- Oral questions - Written assignments

Financial Records in Business

Source Documents and Books of Original Entry - Cash receipts journal
Source Documents and Books of Original Entry - Cash payments journal

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Draw the format of a cash receipts journal
- Record business transactions in a cash receipts journal
- Relate cash receipts journal to tracking money received by businesses

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Search from relevant textbooks for information on how to record business transactions in a cash receipts journal
- Record given transactions in a cash receipts journal
- Discuss work in groups

Why are the books of original entry important in bookkeeping?

- Master Business Studies pg. 222
- Digital resources
- Worked examples
- Master Business Studies pg. 224

- Oral questions - Written assignments

Financial Records in Business

Source Documents and Books of Original Entry - General journal

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Draw the format of a general journal
- Record business transactions in a general journal
- Apply general journal skills to record non-routine business transactions

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Search from relevant textbooks for information on how to record business transactions in a general journal
- Record transactions involving purchase and sale of fixed assets on credit, and opening entries
- Discuss work with group members

Why are the books of original entry important in bookkeeping?

- Master Business Studies pg. 226
- Digital resources
- Worked examples

- Oral questions - Portfolio assessment