Measurements and Geometry

Area of Polygons - Area of rhombus

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Calculate area of rhombus using diagonals
- Calculate area using base and height
- Apply to real-life situations like floor tiles

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Identify rhombuses in environment
- Calculate areas using Area = ½d₁d₂
- Solve practical problems

How do we calculate the area of a rhombus?

- Mentor Core Mathematics Grade 10 pg. 143
- Models of rhombus
- Calculators

- Written tests - Practical activities - Oral questions

Measurements and Geometry

Area of Polygons - Area of parallelogram and trapezium
Area of Polygons - Area of heptagon

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Calculate area of parallelogram using base × height
- Calculate area of trapezium
- Apply formulas to practical situations

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Calculate areas of parallelograms
- Calculate areas of trapeziums
- Identify shapes in environment

How do we calculate areas of parallelograms and trapeziums?

- Mentor Core Mathematics Grade 10 pg. 147
- Geometrical instruments
- Calculators
- Mentor Core Mathematics Grade 10 pg. 152
- Paper cut-outs
- Calculators
- Protractors

- Written assignments - Class exercises - Observation

Measurements and Geometry

Area of Polygons - Area of octagon
Area of Polygons - Irregular polygons
Area of Polygons - Real-life applications

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Calculate area of regular octagon
- Use formula involving central angles
- Connect to real objects like stop signs

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Divide octagon into 8 triangles
- Calculate central angle (45°)
- Calculate total area

How do we calculate the area of an octagon?

- Mentor Core Mathematics Grade 10 pg. 156
- Paper cut-outs
- Calculators
- Reference materials
- Mentor Core Mathematics Grade 10 pg. 159
- Geometrical instruments
- Calculators
- Mentor Core Mathematics Grade 10 pg. 163
- Reference materials
- Digital devices

- Written assignments - Class exercises - Observation

Measurements and Geometry

Area of a Part of a Circle - Annulus
Area of a Part of a Circle - Area of sector

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Define annulus and its components
- Calculate area of annulus
- Apply to circular paths and rings

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Draw concentric circles
- Calculate area of annulus using πR² - πr²
- Solve practical problems

What is an annulus and how do we calculate its area?

- Mentor Core Mathematics Grade 10 pg. 166
- Compasses
- Calculators
- Mentor Core Mathematics Grade 10 pg. 167
- Paper
- Scissors

- Written tests - Practical activities - Oral questions

Measurements and Geometry

Area of a Part of a Circle - Annular sector
Area of a Part of a Circle - Segment of a circle

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Calculate area of annular sector
- Apply to windscreen wipers and fan blades
- Solve practical problems

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Illustrate annular sectors
- Calculate area using sector formula
- Relate to car windscreen wipers

How do we calculate area of an annular sector?

- Mentor Core Mathematics Grade 10 pg. 170
- Diagrams
- Calculators
- Reference materials
- Mentor Core Mathematics Grade 10 pg. 172
- Geometrical instruments
- Calculators

- Written tests - Class exercises - Oral questions

Measurements and Geometry

Area of a Part of a Circle - Problems on segments
Area of a Part of a Circle - Intersecting circles (introduction)
Area of a Part of a Circle - Calculating common area

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Solve complex problems involving segments
- Apply to church windows and architectural designs
- Calculate missing elements

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Solve various segment problems
- Apply to real-life contexts
- Calculate angles given area

How do we apply segment area in solving problems?

- Mentor Core Mathematics Grade 10 pg. 174
- Calculators
- Reference materials
- Mentor Core Mathematics Grade 10 pg. 176
- Compasses
- Rulers
- Graph papers
- Mentor Core Mathematics Grade 10 pg. 177
- Geometrical instruments

- Written tests - Oral questions - Class exercises

Measurements and Geometry

Area of a Part of a Circle - Complex problems
Area of a Part of a Circle - Making dartboard and necklaces

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Solve complex problems on intersecting circles
- Calculate shaded regions
- Apply to decorative patterns and designs

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Solve problems involving common regions
- Calculate shaded areas
- Research applications in design

Where do we use intersecting circles in real life?

- Mentor Core Mathematics Grade 10 pg. 179
- Reference materials
- Digital devices
- Calculators
- Mentor Core Mathematics Grade 10 pg. 180
- Cardboard
- Beads
- Paints
- Compasses

- Written assignments - Project work - Oral questions

Measurements and Geometry

Area of a Part of a Circle - Review and assessment
Surface Area and Volume - Rectangular prism
Surface Area and Volume - Triangular and other prisms

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Solve mixed problems on area of parts of a circle
- Apply all concepts learned
- Evaluate understanding of the sub-strand

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Review all concepts
- Solve mixed problems
- Assess understanding

How well can we apply area concepts?

- Mentor Core Mathematics Grade 10 pg. 181
- Calculators
- Past papers
- Mentor Core Mathematics Grade 10 pg. 182
- Models of prisms
- Nets
- Calculators
- Mentor Core Mathematics Grade 10 pg. 185

- Written tests - Oral questions - Class exercises

Measurements and Geometry

Surface Area and Volume - Pyramids
Surface Area and Volume - Cones

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Determine surface area of pyramids
- Draw nets of pyramids
- Apply to structures like Egyptian pyramids

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Measure edges of pyramid models
- Cut and open to get nets
- Calculate surface area

How do we calculate surface area of pyramids?

- Mentor Core Mathematics Grade 10 pg. 191
- Models of pyramids
- Calculators
- Mentor Core Mathematics Grade 10 pg. 193
- Manila paper
- Compasses

- Written assignments - Practical assessment - Observation

Measurements and Geometry

Surface Area and Volume - Frustum of cone
Surface Area and Volume - Frustum of pyramid

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Calculate surface area of frustum of a cone
- Use similar cone properties
- Apply to lampshades and buckets

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Make frustum by cutting cone
- Calculate surfaces of original and cut-off cone
- Find surface area of frustum

How do we calculate surface area of a frustum?

- Mentor Core Mathematics Grade 10 pg. 195
- Cone models
- Scissors
- Calculators
- Mentor Core Mathematics Grade 10 pg. 197
- Models
- Calculators
- Reference materials

- Written assignments - Practical assessment - Observation

Measurements and Geometry

Surface Area and Volume - Spheres and hemispheres
Surface Area and Volume - Composite solids
Surface Area and Volume - Volume of cones

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Calculate surface area of spheres using 4πr²
- Calculate surface area of hemispheres
- Apply to balls, domes and bowls

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Brainstorm on spheres
- Apply formula 4πr²
- Calculate hemisphere surface area (3πr²)

How do we calculate surface area of spheres?

- Mentor Core Mathematics Grade 10 pg. 200
- Spherical objects
- Calculators
- Mentor Core Mathematics Grade 10 pg. 202
- Models of composite solids
- Mentor Core Mathematics Grade 10 pg. 205
- Cone and cylinder models
- Sand/water

- Written assignments - Practical activities - Observation

Measurements and Geometry

Surface Area and Volume - Volume of prisms and pyramids
Surface Area and Volume - Volume of spheres and hemispheres

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Calculate volume of various prisms
- Calculate volume of pyramids using ⅓Bh
- Apply to buildings and storage

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Calculate volumes of prisms
- Apply pyramid volume formula
- Solve real-life problems

How do we calculate volumes of prisms and pyramids?

- Mentor Core Mathematics Grade 10 pg. 206
- Models of solids
- Calculators
- Mentor Core Mathematics Grade 10 pg. 210
- Spherical objects

- Written tests - Class exercises - Oral questions

Measurements and Geometry

Surface Area and Volume - Volume of frustums
Surface Area and Volume - Composite solids volume
Vectors I - Introduction to vectors

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Calculate volume of frustum of cone and pyramid
- Use similar figure relationships
- Apply to buckets, lampshades and pots

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Calculate volume of original solid
- Subtract volume of cut-off part
- Solve problems involving frustums

How do we calculate volume of a frustum?

- Mentor Core Mathematics Grade 10 pg. 212
- Models
- Calculators
- Reference materials
- Mentor Core Mathematics Grade 10 pg. 216
- Models of composite solids
- Calculators
- Mentor Core Mathematics Grade 10 pg. 220
- Charts

- Written tests - Class exercises - Oral questions

Measurements and Geometry

Vectors I - Vector notation
Vectors I - Equivalent vectors

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Use vector notations correctly
- Represent vectors as directed line segments
- Write vectors in different forms

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Practice writing vector notations
- Draw vectors on charts
- Use bold letters and arrows

How do we write and represent vectors?

- Mentor Core Mathematics Grade 10 pg. 221
- Charts
- Graph papers
- Rulers
- Mentor Core Mathematics Grade 10 pg. 223
- Geometrical instruments

- Written tests - Class exercises - Oral questions

Measurements and Geometry

Vectors I - Adding vectors
Vectors I - Scalar multiplication

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Add vectors graphically
- Determine resultant vector
- Apply to finding net force or displacement

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Draw vectors head to tail
- Determine resultant vector
- Practice with multiple vectors

How do we add vectors?

- Mentor Core Mathematics Grade 10 pg. 225
- Graph papers
- Rulers
- Protractors
- Mentor Core Mathematics Grade 10 pg. 228
- Rulers

- Written tests - Practical assessment - Oral questions

Measurements and Geometry

Vectors I - Column vectors
Vectors I - Position vectors
Vectors I - Magnitude of a vector

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Express vectors in column form
- Determine horizontal and vertical components
- Add and subtract column vectors

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Determine horizontal and vertical displacements
- Write vectors in column form
- Perform operations on column vectors

How do we express vectors in column form?

- Mentor Core Mathematics Grade 10 pg. 230
- Graph papers
- Calculators
- Mentor Core Mathematics Grade 10 pg. 234

- Written tests - Oral questions - Class exercises

Measurements and Geometry

Vectors I - Midpoint of a vector
Vectors I - Translation as transformation

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Determine midpoint of a vector
- Use midpoint formula
- Apply in geometry problems

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Calculate midpoint coordinates
- Use formula (x₁+x₂)/2, (y₁+y₂)/2
- Solve problems involving midpoints

How do we find the midpoint of a vector?

- Mentor Core Mathematics Grade 10 pg. 238
- Graph papers
- Calculators
- Mentor Core Mathematics Grade 10 pg. 240
- Geometrical instruments

- Written assignments - Practical assessment - Observation

Measurements and Geometry

Vectors I - Applications and problems
Linear Motion - Basic terms
Linear Motion - Calculating velocity and acceleration

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Apply vector concepts in solving problems
- Solve mixed problems on vectors
- Connect vectors to physics and engineering

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Solve combined vector problems
- Apply to real-life situations
- Use digital devices to explore applications

Where do we use vectors in real life?

- Mentor Core Mathematics Grade 10 pg. 242
- Calculators
- Digital devices
- Mentor Core Mathematics Grade 10 pg. 244
- Stopwatches
- Measuring tapes
- Mentor Core Mathematics Grade 10 pg. 246
- Measuring tapes
- Calculators

- Written assignments - Project work - Observation

Measurements and Geometry

Linear Motion - Drawing displacement-time graphs
Linear Motion - Interpreting displacement-time graphs

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Draw displacement-time graphs
- Plot data accurately
- Interpret simple graphs

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Collect data on displacement and time
- Plot graphs on Cartesian plane
- Draw graphs from given data

How do we draw displacement-time graphs?

- Mentor Core Mathematics Grade 10 pg. 247
- Graph papers
- Rulers
- Mentor Core Mathematics Grade 10 pg. 249
- Calculators

- Written assignments - Practical assessment - Observation

Measurements and Geometry

Linear Motion - Drawing velocity-time graphs
Linear Motion - Interpreting velocity-time graphs

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Draw velocity-time graphs
- Plot data correctly
- Represent different motion types

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Record velocity and time data
- Plot velocity-time graphs
- Draw graphs from given information

How do we draw velocity-time graphs?

- Mentor Core Mathematics Grade 10 pg. 253
- Graph papers
- Rulers
- Calculators
- Mentor Core Mathematics Grade 10 pg. 256

- Written assignments - Practical work - Observation

Measurements and Geometry

Linear Motion - Relative speed (opposite directions)
Linear Motion - Relative speed (same direction)
Linear Motion - Real-life applications

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Define relative speed
- Calculate relative speed of bodies moving in opposite directions
- Apply to vehicles meeting on roads

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Demonstrate bodies moving towards each other
- Calculate relative speed (sum of speeds)
- Solve problems on meeting times

What is relative speed?

- Mentor Core Mathematics Grade 10 pg. 261
- Digital devices
- Calculators
- Mentor Core Mathematics Grade 10 pg. 263
- Calculators
- Reference materials
- Mentor Core Mathematics Grade 10 pg. 265
- Reference materials
- Digital devices

- Written assignments - Practical activities - Observation

Statistics and Probability

Statistics I - Meaning of data and data sources
Statistics I - Methods of data collection
Statistics I - Frequency distribution table for ungrouped data
Statistics I - Frequency distribution table for grouped data
Statistics I - Mean of ungrouped data

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Define the term data
- Identify various sources of data
- Relate data collection to decision making in business, health and governance

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Discuss with peers the meaning of the term data
- Explore data sources in the immediate environment
- Use digital devices to search for information on data collection methods

What is data and where can it be obtained?

- Mentor Core Mathematics Grade 10 pg. 268
- Digital devices
- Reference books
- Questionnaires
- Tally sheets
- Measuring instruments
- Tape measures
- Graph paper
- Mentor Core Mathematics Grade 10 pg. 270
- Calculators
- Graph paper
- Digital devices
- Mentor Core Mathematics Grade 10 pg. 272
- Weighing scales

- Oral questions - Observation - Written exercises

Statistics and Probability

Statistics I - Mode and median of ungrouped data
Statistics I - Mean of grouped data
Statistics I - Mode of grouped data
Statistics I - Median of grouped data

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Define mode and median
- Determine the mode and median of ungrouped data
- Connect mode and median to identifying most common products and middle values in salary surveys

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Collect marks from classmates and determine the most frequent mark
- Arrange data in order and identify the middle value
- Work out exercises involving mode and median

How do we determine the mode and median of a data set?

- Mentor Core Mathematics Grade 10 pg. 273
- Calculators
- Number cards
- Mentor Core Mathematics Grade 10 pg. 277
- Mathematical tables
- Mentor Core Mathematics Grade 10 pg. 278
- Charts
- Mentor Core Mathematics Grade 10 pg. 280

- Written exercises - Class activities - Oral questions

Statistics and Probability

Statistics I - Histograms with equal class intervals
Statistics I - Histograms with unequal class intervals
Statistics I - Frequency polygons

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Define a histogram
- Draw histograms with equal class intervals
- Connect histograms to visual representation of population distribution and test scores

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Discuss features of histograms
- Calculate class boundaries
- Draw histograms using frequency against class boundaries

What is a histogram and how is it drawn?

- Mentor Core Mathematics Grade 10 pg. 285
- Graph paper
- Rulers
- Pencils
- Mentor Core Mathematics Grade 10 pg. 287
- Calculators
- Rulers
- Mentor Core Mathematics Grade 10 pg. 290

- Practical work - Observation - Written exercises

Statistics and Probability

Statistics I - Interpreting data from histograms
Statistics I - Interpreting data from frequency polygons

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Read and interpret information from histograms
- Determine median and other statistics from histograms
- Use histogram interpretation to make decisions in business planning and resource allocation

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Generate frequency distribution tables from histograms
- Calculate mean, mode and median from histograms
- Answer questions based on histogram interpretation

How do we extract information from histograms?

- Mentor Core Mathematics Grade 10 pg. 293
- Sample histograms
- Calculators
- Graph paper
- Mentor Core Mathematics Grade 10 pg. 296
- Sample frequency polygons

- Written exercises - Oral questions - Class activities

Statistics and Probability

Probability I - Meaning of probability and experimental probability
Probability I - Performing probability experiments
Probability I - Range of probability measure
Probability I - Generating probability space
Probability I - Identifying mutually exclusive events

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Define probability
- Perform experiments to determine probability
- Relate probability to predicting outcomes in games, weather forecasting and insurance

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Toss a coin and record outcomes
- Calculate probability based on experimental results
- Discuss the meaning of probability

What is probability and how is it determined experimentally?

- Mentor Core Mathematics Grade 10 pg. 304
- Coins
- Dice
- Tally sheets
- Recording sheets
- Mentor Core Mathematics Grade 10 pg. 306
- Number cards
- Dice
- Mentor Core Mathematics Grade 10 pg. 308
- Mentor Core Mathematics Grade 10 pg. 309
- Coloured balls
- Bags

- Oral questions - Observation - Practical work

Statistics and Probability

Probability I - Probability of mutually exclusive events
Probability I - Identifying independent events
Probability I - Probability of independent events
Probability I - Combined laws of probability
Probability I - Drawing tree diagrams
Probability I - Using tree diagrams to calculate probability

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Apply the addition law for mutually exclusive events
- Calculate P(A or B) = P(A) + P(B)
- Use probability of mutually exclusive events to calculate chances in sports competitions and elections

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Discuss the addition law of probability
- Calculate probability of either event occurring
- Work out exercises involving mutually exclusive events

How do we calculate the probability of mutually exclusive events?

- Mentor Core Mathematics Grade 10 pg. 310
- Dice
- Cards
- Calculators
- Mentor Core Mathematics Grade 10 pg. 312
- Coins
- Recording sheets
- Mentor Core Mathematics Grade 10 pg. 314
- Number cards
- Calculators
- Coloured objects
- Mentor Core Mathematics Grade 10 pg. 317
- Graph paper
- Rulers
- Pencils
- Mentor Core Mathematics Grade 10 pg. 318
- Sample problems

- Written exercises - Class activities - Oral questions