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Physics
Form 3 2026
TERM III
School


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WK LSN TOPIC SUB-TOPIC OBJECTIVES T/L ACTIVITIES T/L AIDS REFERENCE REMARKS
1 3
Current Electricity (II)
Types of Resistors and Their Applications
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify different types of resistors
-Understand fixed and variable resistors
-Read resistor color codes
-Understand applications of special resistors
-Use rheostats and potentiometers
In groups, learners are guided to:
Review ohmic vs non-ohmic conductors through Q/A
-Identification of resistor types: carbon, wire-wound, variable
-Practice reading resistor color codes
-Demonstration: rheostat and potentiometer operation
-Discussion on thermistors and LDR applications
-Practical applications in circuits

-Application examples
Unknown resistors
-Voltmeter
-Ammeter
-Rheostat
-Connecting wires
-Dry cells
-Switch
KLB Secondary Physics Form 3, Pages 135-140
1 4-5
Current Electricity (II)
Types of Resistors and Their Applications
Measurement of Resistance - Voltmeter-Ammeter Method
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify different types of resistors
-Understand fixed and variable resistors
-Read resistor color codes
-Understand applications of special resistors
-Use rheostats and potentiometers
Describe voltmeter-ammeter method
-Set up circuits for resistance measurement
-Calculate resistance from V and I readings
-Understand limitations of the method
-Analyze experimental errors
In groups, learners are guided to:
Review ohmic vs non-ohmic conductors through Q/A
-Identification of resistor types: carbon, wire-wound, variable
-Practice reading resistor color codes
-Demonstration: rheostat and potentiometer operation
-Discussion on thermistors and LDR applications
-Practical applications in circuits
Q/A on resistor types
-Setup of voltmeter-ammeter circuit
-Measurement of voltage and current for unknown resistor
-Calculation of resistance using R = V/I
-Discussion on measurement errors and accuracy
-Comparison with multimeter readings

-Application examples
Unknown resistors
-Voltmeter
-Ammeter
-Rheostat
-Connecting wires
-Dry cells
-Switch
KLB Secondary Physics Form 3, Pages 135-140
KLB Secondary Physics Form 3, Pages 140-142
2 1
Current Electricity (II)
Wheatstone Bridge Method
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Understand the principle of Wheatstone bridge
-Set up Wheatstone bridge circuit
-Balance the bridge for resistance measurement
-Calculate unknown resistance using bridge equation
-Appreciate accuracy of Wheatstone bridge method
In groups, learners are guided to:
Review voltmeter-ammeter method through Q/A
-Introduction to Wheatstone bridge principle
-Demonstration of bridge balance condition
-Setup and operation of Wheatstone bridge
-Calculation using R₁/R₂ = R₃/R₄
-Comparison of accuracy with other methods
Wheatstone bridge apparatus
-Galvanometer
-Known resistors
-Unknown resistors
-Connecting wires
-Battery
-Calculator
-Bridge equation charts
KLB Secondary Physics Form 3, Pages 142-144
2 2
Current Electricity (II)
Wheatstone Bridge Method
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Understand the principle of Wheatstone bridge
-Set up Wheatstone bridge circuit
-Balance the bridge for resistance measurement
-Calculate unknown resistance using bridge equation
-Appreciate accuracy of Wheatstone bridge method
In groups, learners are guided to:
Review voltmeter-ammeter method through Q/A
-Introduction to Wheatstone bridge principle
-Demonstration of bridge balance condition
-Setup and operation of Wheatstone bridge
-Calculation using R₁/R₂ = R₃/R₄
-Comparison of accuracy with other methods
Wheatstone bridge apparatus
-Galvanometer
-Known resistors
-Unknown resistors
-Connecting wires
-Battery
-Calculator
-Bridge equation charts
KLB Secondary Physics Form 3, Pages 142-144
2 3
Current Electricity (II)
Wheatstone Bridge Method
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Understand the principle of Wheatstone bridge
-Set up Wheatstone bridge circuit
-Balance the bridge for resistance measurement
-Calculate unknown resistance using bridge equation
-Appreciate accuracy of Wheatstone bridge method
In groups, learners are guided to:
Review voltmeter-ammeter method through Q/A
-Introduction to Wheatstone bridge principle
-Demonstration of bridge balance condition
-Setup and operation of Wheatstone bridge
-Calculation using R₁/R₂ = R₃/R₄
-Comparison of accuracy with other methods
Wheatstone bridge apparatus
-Galvanometer
-Known resistors
-Unknown resistors
-Connecting wires
-Battery
-Calculator
-Bridge equation charts
KLB Secondary Physics Form 3, Pages 142-144
2 4-5
Current Electricity (II)
Resistors in Series - Theory and Calculations
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Derive formula for resistors in series
-Calculate total resistance for series combination
-Understand current and voltage in series circuits
-Solve problems involving series resistors
-Apply series resistance in circuit analysis
In groups, learners are guided to:
Q/A on resistance measurement methods
-Derivation of Rs = R₁ + R₂ + R₃...
-Demonstration: measuring total resistance of series combination
-Analysis of current (same) and voltage (divided) in series
-Worked examples on series resistance calculations
-Problem-solving session
Resistors of known values
-Multimeter
-Connecting wires
-Circuit boards
-Calculator
-Series circuit diagrams
-Problem worksheets
KLB Secondary Physics Form 3, Pages 144-147
3 1
Current Electricity (II)
Resistors in Parallel - Theory and Calculations
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Derive formula for resistors in parallel
-Calculate total resistance for parallel combination
-Understand current and voltage in parallel circuits
-Solve problems involving parallel resistors
-Apply parallel resistance in circuit analysis
In groups, learners are guided to:
Review series resistance through Q/A
-Derivation of 1/Rp = 1/R₁ + 1/R₂ + 1/R₃...
-Demonstration: measuring total resistance of parallel combination
-Analysis of voltage (same) and current (divided) in parallel
-Worked examples on parallel resistance calculations
-Problem-solving session
Resistors of known values
-Multimeter
-Connecting wires
-Circuit boards
-Calculator
-Parallel circuit diagrams
-Problem worksheets
KLB Secondary Physics Form 3, Pages 147-150
3 2
Current Electricity (II)
Resistors in Parallel - Theory and Calculations
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Derive formula for resistors in parallel
-Calculate total resistance for parallel combination
-Understand current and voltage in parallel circuits
-Solve problems involving parallel resistors
-Apply parallel resistance in circuit analysis
In groups, learners are guided to:
Review series resistance through Q/A
-Derivation of 1/Rp = 1/R₁ + 1/R₂ + 1/R₃...
-Demonstration: measuring total resistance of parallel combination
-Analysis of voltage (same) and current (divided) in parallel
-Worked examples on parallel resistance calculations
-Problem-solving session
Resistors of known values
-Multimeter
-Connecting wires
-Circuit boards
-Calculator
-Parallel circuit diagrams
-Problem worksheets
KLB Secondary Physics Form 3, Pages 147-150
3 3
Current Electricity (II)
Mixed Circuits - Series-Parallel Combinations
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Analyze circuits with series-parallel combinations
-Apply reduction techniques to complex circuits
-Calculate total resistance of mixed circuits
-Determine current and voltage in different branches
-Solve complex circuit problems
In groups, learners are guided to:
Q/A on parallel resistance
-Introduction to mixed circuit analysis techniques
-Step-by-step reduction of complex circuits
-Worked examples on series-parallel combinations
-Problem-solving on mixed circuits
-Discussion on circuit analysis strategies
Various resistors
-Circuit boards
-Connecting wires
-Multimeter
-Calculator
-Complex circuit diagrams
-Step-by-step analysis charts
KLB Secondary Physics Form 3, Pages 150-153
3 4-5
Current Electricity (II)
Mixed Circuits - Series-Parallel Combinations
Electromotive Force (EMF) and Terminal Voltage
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Analyze circuits with series-parallel combinations
-Apply reduction techniques to complex circuits
-Calculate total resistance of mixed circuits
-Determine current and voltage in different branches
-Solve complex circuit problems
Define electromotive force (EMF)
-Distinguish between EMF and terminal voltage
-Understand the concept of lost voltage
-Relate EMF to work done by the cell
-Measure EMF using high resistance voltmeter
In groups, learners are guided to:
Q/A on parallel resistance
-Introduction to mixed circuit analysis techniques
-Step-by-step reduction of complex circuits
-Worked examples on series-parallel combinations
-Problem-solving on mixed circuits
-Discussion on circuit analysis strategies
Review mixed circuits through Q/A
-Definition of EMF as work done per unit charge
-Demonstration: measuring EMF with open circuit
-Comparison of EMF and terminal voltage under load
-Discussion on energy conversion in cells
-Measurement techniques for EMF
Various resistors
-Circuit boards
-Connecting wires
-Multimeter
-Calculator
-Complex circuit diagrams
-Step-by-step analysis charts
High resistance voltmeter
-Various cells
-Switches
-Resistors
-Connecting wires
-EMF measurement setup
-Energy conversion charts
KLB Secondary Physics Form 3, Pages 150-153
KLB Secondary Physics Form 3, Pages 150-152
4 1
Current Electricity (II)
Internal Resistance of Cells
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define internal resistance
-Understand the relationship E = V + Ir
-Calculate internal resistance experimentally
-Understand factors affecting internal resistance
-Apply internal resistance in circuit calculations
In groups, learners are guided to:
Q/A on EMF concepts
-Introduction to internal resistance concept
-Derivation of E = V + Ir relationship
-Experiment: measuring internal resistance using different loads
-Plotting E vs R graph to find internal resistance
-Discussion on factors affecting internal resistance
Various cells
-Resistors of different values
-Voltmeter
-Ammeter
-Connecting wires
-Graph paper
-Calculator
-Internal resistance apparatus
KLB Secondary Physics Form 3, Pages 150-153
4 2
Current Electricity (II)
Internal Resistance of Cells
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define internal resistance
-Understand the relationship E = V + Ir
-Calculate internal resistance experimentally
-Understand factors affecting internal resistance
-Apply internal resistance in circuit calculations
In groups, learners are guided to:
Q/A on EMF concepts
-Introduction to internal resistance concept
-Derivation of E = V + Ir relationship
-Experiment: measuring internal resistance using different loads
-Plotting E vs R graph to find internal resistance
-Discussion on factors affecting internal resistance
Various cells
-Resistors of different values
-Voltmeter
-Ammeter
-Connecting wires
-Graph paper
-Calculator
-Internal resistance apparatus
KLB Secondary Physics Form 3, Pages 150-153
4 3
Current Electricity (II)
Internal Resistance of Cells
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define internal resistance
-Understand the relationship E = V + Ir
-Calculate internal resistance experimentally
-Understand factors affecting internal resistance
-Apply internal resistance in circuit calculations
In groups, learners are guided to:
Q/A on EMF concepts
-Introduction to internal resistance concept
-Derivation of E = V + Ir relationship
-Experiment: measuring internal resistance using different loads
-Plotting E vs R graph to find internal resistance
-Discussion on factors affecting internal resistance
Various cells
-Resistors of different values
-Voltmeter
-Ammeter
-Connecting wires
-Graph paper
-Calculator
-Internal resistance apparatus
KLB Secondary Physics Form 3, Pages 150-153
4 4-5
Waves II
Properties of waves
Reflection of waves
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define wavelength, frequency, amplitude and wavefront
- Explain rectilinear propagation of waves
- Describe wave production in ripple tank
- Calculate wave speed using v=fλ
State laws of reflection for waves
- Describe experiments showing reflection
- Sketch reflected wave patterns
- Explain behavior at different reflectors
In groups, learners are guided to:
Q/A on wave basics from Form 2
- Demonstration of wave production using ripple tank
- Observation of rectilinear propagation
- Calculations on wave speed
Review of reflection principles
- Experiment showing plane waves on straight reflector
- Observation of circular waves on concave and convex reflectors
- Drawing wavefront diagrams
Ripple tank, Straight vibrator, Water, Rulers, Stroboscope, Charts on wave properties
Ripple tank, Plane wave generator, Curved and straight reflectors, Graph paper, Pencils
KLB Secondary Physics Form 3, Pages 156-158
KLB Secondary Physics Form 3, Pages 158-161
5 1
Waves II
Refraction of waves
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe refraction when waves change medium
- Explain change in wavelength and speed
- Demonstrate refraction using shallow and deep regions
- State that frequency remains constant
In groups, learners are guided to:
Q/A on refraction basics
- Experiment using glass plate to create shallow region
- Observation of wavefront spacing changes
- Discussion on speed and wavelength changes
Ripple tank, Glass plates, Water, Rulers for measurement, Frequency generator
KLB Secondary Physics Form 3, Pages 161-163
5 2
Waves II
Diffraction of waves
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define diffraction
- Explain factors affecting extent of diffraction
- Describe experiments showing diffraction
- Compare diffraction through different gap sizes
In groups, learners are guided to:
Demonstration of diffraction using various gap sizes
- Observation of spreading effect
- Investigation of relationship between gap size and wavelength
- Practical measurements
Ripple tank, Barriers with gaps, Various gap sizes, Measuring instruments, Wave generator
KLB Secondary Physics Form 3, Pages 163-165
5 3
Waves II
Interference patterns
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define interference and superposition principle
- Explain constructive and destructive interference
- Describe formation of interference patterns
- Calculate path differences
In groups, learners are guided to:
Demonstration using two coherent sources
- Construction of interference patterns on paper
- Observation of nodal and antinodal lines
- Discussion on coherent sources
Two-point sources, Graph paper, Compass, Rulers, Ripple tank setup, Audio frequency generator
KLB Secondary Physics Form 3, Pages 165-167
5 4-5
Waves II
Constructive and destructive interference
Stationary waves formation
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Distinguish between constructive and destructive interference
- Explain conditions for each type
- Demonstrate using sound waves
- Calculate amplitudes in interference
Define stationary waves
- Explain formation from two opposing waves
- Identify nodes and antinodes
- Calculate distances between nodes
In groups, learners are guided to:
Experiment with two loudspeakers
- Observation of loud and quiet regions
- Mathematical analysis of amplitude addition
- Problem solving on wave interference
Demonstration using vibrating string
- Setup with tuning fork and pulley
- Observation of stationary wave patterns
- Measurements of wavelength
Two loudspeakers, Audio generator, Microphone, Sound level meter, Connecting wires
Tuning fork, String, Pulley, Weights, Stroboscope, Measuring tape, Retort stands
KLB Secondary Physics Form 3, Pages 167-169
KLB Secondary Physics Form 3, Pages 167-170
6 1
Electrostatics II
Electric field patterns and charge distribution
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define electric field and electric field lines
- Demonstrate field patterns using chalk dust method
- Describe charge distribution on spherical and pear-shaped conductors
- Use proof-plane and electroscope to test charge distribution
In groups, learners are guided to:
Q/A on electrostatics basics from Form 2
- Experiment using chalk dust in castor oil to show field patterns
- Investigation of charge distribution using proof-plane
- Observation of electroscope deflections at different conductor points
High voltage source, Wire electrodes, Petri-dish, Castor oil, Chalk dust, Spherical and pear-shaped conductors, Proof-plane, Gold-leaf electroscope
KLB Secondary Physics Form 3, Pages 177-181
6 2
Electrostatics II
Lightning arrestor and capacitance introduction
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain working principle of lightning arrestor
- Describe charge concentration at sharp points
- Define capacitance and state SI units
- Describe parallel-plate capacitor structure
In groups, learners are guided to:
Demonstration of charge concentration at points using wind-mill experiment
- Discussion on lightning protection applications
- Introduction to capacitance concept
- Demonstration of capacitor charging process
Wind-mill model, Point charges, Lightning arrestor photos, Parallel-plate capacitors, Battery, Voltmeter, Milliammeter
KLB Secondary Physics Form 3, Pages 181-185
6 3
Electrostatics II
Factors affecting capacitance and types of capacitors
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Investigate effect of plate separation, area and dielectric on capacitance
- Derive capacitance formula C = εA/d
- Describe paper, electrolytic and variable capacitors
- Explain construction principles
In groups, learners are guided to:
Experiment varying plate separation and area
- Investigation using different dielectric materials
- Mathematical derivation of capacitance formula
- Examination of different capacitor types and their construction
Aluminium plates, Various dielectric materials, Electroscope, Paper capacitors, Electrolytic capacitors, Variable air capacitors, Measuring instruments
KLB Secondary Physics Form 3, Pages 185-188
6 4-5
Electrostatics II
Capacitors in series and parallel
Energy stored in capacitors
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Derive effective capacitance for series combination
- Derive effective capacitance for parallel combination
- Explain charge and voltage relationships
- Calculate individual charges and voltages
Derive formula for energy stored E = ½CV²
- Explain energy storage mechanism
- Calculate energy in charged capacitors
- Investigate energy conservation in capacitor combinations
In groups, learners are guided to:
Mathematical derivation of series formula (1/C = 1/C₁ + 1/C₂)
- Mathematical derivation of parallel formula (C = C₁ + C₂)
- Problem solving with capacitor combinations
- Practical verification using circuits
Mathematical derivation of energy storage formula
- Discussion on energy storage principles
- Problem solving on energy calculations
- Analysis of energy conservation in series and parallel combinations
Capacitors of different values, Voltmeters, Ammeters, Battery, Connecting wires, Calculators, Circuit boards
Charged capacitors, Energy calculation worksheets, Graphing materials, Calculators, Safety equipment
KLB Secondary Physics Form 3, Pages 188-191
KLB Secondary Physics Form 3, Pages 191-192
7 1
Electrostatics II
Complex capacitor problems
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Solve problems involving mixed series and parallel combinations
- Calculate charges, voltages and energies in complex circuits
- Apply energy conservation principles
- Analyze capacitor charging and discharging
In groups, learners are guided to:
Problem solving with complex capacitor networks
- Analysis of charging and discharging processes
- Energy transfer calculations
- Graph interpretation of charging curves
Complex circuit diagrams, Advanced problem worksheets, Graphing materials, Calculators, Past examination papers
KLB Secondary Physics Form 3, Pages 188-193
7 2
Electrostatics II
Applications of capacitors
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain use in rectification and smoothing circuits
- Describe applications in tuning circuits
- State use in delay circuits and camera flash
- Solve comprehensive numerical problems on all topics
In groups, learners are guided to:
Discussion on practical applications in electronics
- Demonstration of smoothing circuits
- Explanation of tuning and delay functions
- Comprehensive revision and problem solving covering all electrostatics topics
Circuit diagrams, Smoothing circuit demo, Radio tuning circuits, Camera flash unit, Revision charts, Past examination papers
KLB Secondary Physics Form 3, Pages 192-193
7 3
Heating Effect of Electric Current
Introduction to heating effect
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define heating effect of electric current
- Explain mechanism of heat production in conductors
- Investigate effect of current on resistance wire
- Observe temperature changes in conductors
In groups, learners are guided to:
Q/A on electric current from previous units
- Experiment investigating effect of current on coil temperature
- Observation of heating in different parts of circuit
- Discussion on electron collision mechanism
Battery, Resistance wire coils, Ammeter, Variable resistor, Thermometer, Stopwatch, Connecting wires
KLB Secondary Physics Form 3, Pages 195-197
7 4-5
Heating Effect of Electric Current
Factors affecting heat produced - current and time
Factors affecting heat produced - resistance
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Investigate relationship between heat produced and current
- Investigate relationship between heat produced and time
- Plot graphs of temperature vs current² and time
- State H ∝ I²t relationship
Investigate relationship between heat produced and resistance
- Compare heating in different resistance wires
- State H ∝ R relationship
- Derive complete heating formula H = I²Rt
In groups, learners are guided to:
Experiment varying current and measuring temperature change
- Investigation of heating time relationship
- Data collection and graph plotting
- Mathematical analysis of relationships
Experiment using coils of different resistance
- Temperature measurements with constant current
- Comparison of heating rates
- Mathematical derivation of heating law
Resistance coils, Variable resistor, Ammeter, Thermometer, Stopwatch, Graph paper, Different current values
Coils of different resistance, Ammeter, Thermometer, Measuring instruments, Stopwatch, Calculation worksheets
KLB Secondary Physics Form 3, Pages 197-199
KLB Secondary Physics Form 3, Pages 199-200
8 1
Heating Effect of Electric Current
Joule's law and electrical energy
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
State Joule's law of heating
- Derive H = I²Rt = VIt = V²t/R
- Calculate electrical energy and power
- Solve numerical problems on heating calculations
In groups, learners are guided to:
Discussion on Joule's heating law
- Mathematical derivations of heating formulas
- Problem solving on energy calculations
- Practical applications of heating law
Formula charts, Calculators, Problem worksheets, Electrical devices for analysis
KLB Secondary Physics Form 3, Pages 200-201
8 2
Heating Effect of Electric Current
Electrical power and energy calculations
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define electrical power P = VI = I²R = V²/R
- Calculate electrical energy W = Pt
- Convert between different units (J, kWh)
- Solve complex power problems
In groups, learners are guided to:
Derivation of electrical power formulas
- Energy unit conversions
- Problem solving on household appliances
- Cost calculations for electrical consumption
Calculators, Unit conversion charts, Household appliance ratings, Electricity bills, Problem sets
KLB Secondary Physics Form 3, Pages 201-202
8 3
Heating Effect of Electric Current
Applications - electrical lighting and heating devices
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe working of filament lamp
- Explain choice of tungsten for filaments
- Describe working of electric iron, kettle and heaters
- Compare energy saving bulbs
In groups, learners are guided to:
Discussion on filament lamp construction
- Analysis of heating device designs
- Examination of actual heating appliances
- Efficiency comparisons
Filament lamps, Electric iron, Electric kettle, Heating elements, Energy saving bulbs, Appliance diagrams
KLB Secondary Physics Form 3, Pages 202-203
8 4-5
Heating Effect of Electric Current
Electrical safety - fuses and circuit protection
Efficiency calculations and motor problems
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain working principle of fuses
- Calculate appropriate fuse ratings
- Describe safety measures in electrical installations
- Analyze circuit protection methods
Calculate efficiency of electrical devices
- Solve problems involving motors and mechanical work
- Analyze power input vs power output
- Calculate overall efficiency in systems
In groups, learners are guided to:
Demonstration of fuse operation
- Calculation of fuse ratings for appliances
- Discussion on electrical safety
- Analysis of circuit protection devices
Problem solving on device efficiency
- Motor efficiency calculations
- Analysis of energy conversions
- Real-world efficiency problems
Various fuses, Fuse holders, Circuit diagrams, Safety equipment demonstrations, Rating calculations
Motor specifications, Efficiency calculation worksheets, Power meters, Mechanical loading systems
KLB Secondary Physics Form 3, Pages 203-204
KLB Secondary Physics Form 3, Pages 201-204
9 1
Heating Effect of Electric Current
Series and parallel heating circuits
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Analyze heating in series and parallel circuits
- Calculate power dissipation in different configurations
- Compare heating effects in different circuit arrangements
- Solve complex circuit problems
In groups, learners are guided to:
Circuit analysis of heating effects
- Comparison of series vs parallel heating
- Power distribution calculations
- Complex circuit problem solving
Resistors in circuits, Ammeters, Voltmeters, Power calculation sheets, Circuit boards
KLB Secondary Physics Form 3, Pages 200-204

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