Themes in World History and Citizenship

Modern slavery and servitude - Understanding slavery and servitude
Modern slavery and servitude - Forms of modern slavery

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Define slavery and servitude
- Differentiate between slavery and servitude
- Identify signs of modern slavery in news reports and local contexts
- Identify various forms of slavery and servitude in the modern world
- Explain human trafficking, child labour, domestic servitude and debt bondage
- Recognize warning signs of exploitation in everyday situations

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Brainstorm on the difference between slavery and servitude in the modern world
- Discuss the characteristics of slavery and servitude
- Use the library to research on various forms of slavery and servitude
- Use the library to research on various forms of slavery and servitude
- Share findings in class
- Discuss human trafficking, child labour, domestic servitude, debt bondage and forced labour

What is the difference between slavery and servitude?
What are the various forms of slavery and servitude in the modern world?

- Oxford Evolving World Bk 10 pg. 136
- Digital resources
- Reference books
- Oxford Evolving World Bk 10 pg. 137
- Digital resources
- Library resources

- Oral questions - Written assignments - Group discussions
- Written tests - Oral questions - Group presentations

Themes in World History and Citizenship

Modern slavery and servitude - Factors causing slavery and servitude

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Identify factors that lead to slavery and servitude in the modern world
- Analyse how poverty, conflict, corruption and lack of awareness contribute to exploitation
- Discuss how addressing poverty in communities can prevent exploitation

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Use digital devices to search or watch on factors that lead to slavery and servitude
- Discuss in groups factors such as poverty, economic inequality, displacement, conflicts and lack of awareness
- Present findings in class

What factors lead to slavery and servitude in the modern world?

- Oxford Evolving World Bk 10 pg. 138
- Digital resources
- Documentaries

- Oral questions - Written assignments - Group discussions

Themes in World History and Citizenship

Modern slavery and servitude - Government and civil society collaboration
Modern slavery and servitude - Roles of abolitionists

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain ways in which governments and civil society collaborate to end slavery and servitude
- Identify roles of different stakeholders in fighting modern slavery
- Support local initiatives that protect vulnerable community members

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Engage with a resource person to establish ways in which governments and civil society collaborate
- Discuss creating public awareness, developing laws, support programmes for victims and cross-border collaboration
- Present findings in class

How do governments and civil society collaborate to end slavery and servitude?

- Oxford Evolving World Bk 10 pg. 139
- Resource persons
- Digital resources
- Oxford Evolving World Bk 10 pg. 141
- Charts and posters

- Written tests - Oral questions - Group presentations

Themes in World History and Citizenship

Modern slavery and servitude - Abolitionist movements

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain the roles of abolitionist movements in the modern society
- Identify contributions of philanthropists, Christian missionaries, traders and civil rights movements
- Participate in debates on strategies to address modern slavery

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Discuss the roles of abolitionist movements including philanthropists, Christian missionaries, traders and civil rights movements
- Debate on prioritizing economic justice to address root causes of modern slavery
- Compose a song/poem on the need to free the world from slavery and servitude

What roles do abolitionist movements play in modern society?

- Oxford Evolving World Bk 10 pg. 142
- Debate materials
- Creative writing materials

- Debates - Creative performances - Peer assessment

Themes in World History and Citizenship

Global governance - Meaning and guiding principles
Global governance - Addressing transnational challenges

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Define global governance
- Explain the guiding principles of global governance (sovereignty, equality, cooperation, rule of law)
- Apply principles of cooperation and equality in group work and school activities
- Explain the need for global governance in addressing transnational challenges
- Identify transnational challenges such as climate change, terrorism and health crises
- Discuss how local actions contribute to addressing global challenges like environmental protection

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Research using print and non-print sources on the guiding principles of global governance
- Discuss sovereignty, equality, cooperation and rule of law
- Role play to demonstrate guiding principles of global governance
- Use charts to present information on the need for global governance to address transnational challenges
- Discuss social, economic, political, industrial, environmental and technological challenges
- Analyse case studies of global cooperation

What are the guiding principles of global governance?
Why is global governance needed to address transnational challenges?

- Oxford Evolving World Bk 10 pg. 145
- Digital resources
- Reference books
- Oxford Evolving World Bk 10 pg. 148
- Charts and posters
- Case studies

- Oral questions - Written tests - Role play assessment
- Written assignments - Oral questions - Group discussions

Themes in World History and Citizenship

Global governance - Solutions to transnational challenges

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Propose solutions to transnational challenges through global governance
- Explain how international cooperation addresses peace, security and climate change
- Participate in school environmental initiatives as a contribution to global efforts

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Discuss solutions to transnational challenges in areas of peace, security, climate change and economic stability
- Complete charts showing challenges and possible solutions
- Present findings in class

What solutions can global governance provide for transnational challenges?

- Oxford Evolving World Bk 10 pg. 150
- Charts
- Digital resources

- Oral questions - Written tests - Chart completion

Themes in World History and Citizenship

Global governance - Key areas for global stability

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Identify key areas of global governance that ensure stability in global trends
- Explain the role of climate change protection, health governance and peace and security
- Create slogans promoting environmental protection and peace for school displays

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Use digital or print media to research on key areas in global governance
- Discuss climate change and environmental protection, health governance, peace and security
- Prepare slogans on key areas of global governance and display

What key areas of global governance help ensure stability in global trends?

- Oxford Evolving World Bk 10 pg. 151
- Digital resources
- Slogan materials

- Oral questions - Slogan creation - Group presentations

Themes in World History and Citizenship

Global governance - Role of the United Nations

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Describe the structure of the United Nations
- Explain the roles of UN organs (General Assembly, Security Council, ECOSOC, ICJ, Secretariat)
- Identify UN agencies working in Kenya and their impact on local communities

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Watch documentaries on key organizations that play a role in global governance
- Discuss the formation, structure and roles of the United Nations
- Summarise the roles of UN organs and agencies

What is the role of the United Nations in global governance?

- Oxford Evolving World Bk 10 pg. 153
- Documentaries
- Digital resources

- Written assignments - Oral questions - Group discussions

Themes in World History and Citizenship

Global governance - Role of the African Union
Global governance - Emerging issues and opportunities

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Describe the structure of the African Union
- Explain the roles of AU organs in promoting peace, development and human rights
- Discuss how AU decisions affect Kenya and everyday life
- Identify emerging issues in global governance
- Explain opportunities arising from these issues
- Compose poems or messages promoting good global governance for school events

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Research on the African Union structure and roles
- Discuss the Assembly, Executive Council, Pan-African Parliament, AU Commission and Peace and Security Council
- Draw the structure of the African Union
- Engage with a resource person to find out emerging issues and opportunities in global governance
- Discuss environmental, technological, political, economic and social issues
- Present findings in class
- Compose a poem on the importance of good global governance

What is the role of the African Union in global governance?
What are the emerging issues and opportunities in global governance?

- Oxford Evolving World Bk 10 pg. 154
- Digital resources
- Charts
- Oxford Evolving World Bk 10 pg. 156
- Resource persons
- Creative writing materials

- Oral questions - Written tests - Diagram creation
- Written assignments - Creative performances - Peer assessment

Themes in World History and Citizenship

First Generation Industrial Revolution - Characteristics and factors in Britain
First Generation Industrial Revolution - Comparison of factors in Britain and USA

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Define industrial revolution
- Explain factors that led to the First Generation Industrial Revolution in Britain
- Connect industrial revolution innovations to modern manufacturing processes observed locally

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Brainstorm on the characteristics of industrial revolution
- Discuss factors that led to the 1st Generation of Industrial Revolution in Britain
- Research using digital or print media on causes of industrial revolution

What factors led to the First Generation Industrial Revolution in Britain?

- Oxford Evolving World Bk 10 pg. 160
- Digital resources
- Reference books
- Oxford Evolving World Bk 10 pg. 161
- Charts
- Digital resources

- Oral questions - Written assignments - Group discussions

Themes in World History and Citizenship

First Generation Industrial Revolution - Early inventions and machines

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Identify early inventions and machines of the 1st Generation Industrial Revolution
- Explain contributions of spinning jenny, flying shuttle, power loom, cotton gin and steam engine
- Trace how early inventions evolved into machines used in modern industries

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Research on contributions of early inventions and machines
- Discuss spinning jenny, flying shuttle, power loom, cotton gin, steam engine and water frame
- Complete charts showing inventions, inventors and their contributions

What were the contributions of early inventions and machines during the Industrial Revolution?

- Oxford Evolving World Bk 10 pg. 163
- Charts
- Digital resources

- Oral questions - Written assignments - Chart completion

Themes in World History and Citizenship

First Generation Industrial Revolution - Economic impact on Africa

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain economic impacts of the 1st Generation Industrial Revolution on Africa
- Analyse how industrialization led to resource extraction and exploitation
- Connect historical economic exploitation to current discussions on fair trade

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Use digital or print media to research on economic impacts of the 1st Generation of Industrial Revolution on Africa
- Discuss demand for raw materials, introduction of cash crops and disruption of traditional economies
- Present findings in class

What were the economic impacts of the Industrial Revolution on Africa?

- Oxford Evolving World Bk 10 pg. 166
- Digital resources
- Reference books

- Written tests - Oral questions - Group presentations

Themes in World History and Citizenship

First Generation Industrial Revolution - Social and political impact on Africa
First Generation Industrial Revolution - Measures to address impact on Africa

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain social and political impacts of the 1st Generation Industrial Revolution on Africa
- Analyse effects such as forced labour, displacement and arbitrary borders
- Discuss how colonial borders continue to affect African nations today
- Identify measures taken to address the impact of the 1st Generation Industrial Revolution on Africa
- Explain decolonization, economic reforms and environmental restoration efforts
- Discuss ongoing efforts to address historical injustices in local and national contexts

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Watch a video clip or documentary on impacts of the 1st Generation of Industrial Revolution on Africa
- Discuss social impacts such as forced labour and slavery
- Analyse political impacts including colonization and arbitrary drawing of borders
- Watch a video clip or documentary on measures taken to address the impact
- Discuss decolonization, economic policies, labour reforms and environmental initiatives
- Discuss in class the effectiveness of these measures

What were the social and political impacts of the Industrial Revolution on Africa?
What measures have been taken to address the impact of the Industrial Revolution on Africa?

- Oxford Evolving World Bk 10 pg. 166
- Documentaries
- Digital resources
- Oxford Evolving World Bk 10 pg. 168
- Documentaries
- Charts

- Oral questions - Written assignments - Group discussions
- Written tests - Oral questions - Group discussions

Themes in World History and Citizenship
Themes in Contemporary History and Citizenship

First Generation Industrial Revolution - Recognizing African responses and resilience
National activities that promote peace in Kenya

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain how Africans responded to the impact of the Industrial Revolution
- Identify ongoing efforts towards sustainable development
- Compose songs or poems celebrating African resilience for school events

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Compose songs/poems/messages to elaborate on measures taken to address the impact of the 1st Generation Industrial Revolution on Africa
- Discuss African resilience and adaptability
- Recite poems during school events

How did Africans respond to the impact of the Industrial Revolution?

- Oxford Evolving World Bk 10 pg. 169
- Creative writing materials
- Performance space
- Oxford Evolving World Bk 10 pg. 171
- Pictures of peace activities
- Digital devices
- Charts/posters

- Creative performances - Peer assessment - Observation

Themes in Contemporary History and Citizenship

Ways in which the Constitution of Kenya, 2010 prevents conflicts between National and County Governments
Ways in which the Constitution prevents conflicts between organs of government and citizens

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Examine ways in which the Constitution of Kenya, 2010 strives to prevent conflicts between National and County Governments
- Explain constitutional provisions for intergovernmental relations and dispute resolution
- Follow news on Senate mediation processes to understand how constitutional mechanisms work in practice

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Engage a resource person/watch a documentary on constitutional conflict prevention mechanisms
- Discuss Articles 189 and 190 on intergovernmental relations
- Write summary points on constitutional provisions

How does the Constitution of Kenya, 2010 help prevent conflicts between different levels of government?

- Oxford Evolving World Bk 10 pg. 173
- Constitution of Kenya, 2010
- Documentaries
- Resource persons
- Oxford Evolving World Bk 10 pg. 175
- Pictures
- Reference materials

- Written tests - Oral questions - Observation

Themes in Contemporary History and Citizenship

Incidences where the Constitution has been applied to foster peace and curb conflicts
Alternative Dispute Resolution mechanisms in peace-building

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Deduce incidences where the Constitution has been applied to foster peace and curb conflicts in a community
- Analyse case studies of constitutional application in conflict resolution
- Recognize the role of the judiciary in resolving electoral disputes peacefully, as seen in presidential petition cases

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Read case studies on constitutional application in peace-building
- Carry out information search on incidences of constitutional conflict resolution
- Prepare charts showing how the Constitution has been applied

Which real-life examples show the Constitution being used to resolve conflicts peacefully?

- Oxford Evolving World Bk 10 pg. 177
- Case studies
- Charts/posters
- Digital resources
- Oxford Evolving World Bk 10 pg. 178
- Resource persons
- Reference materials
- Digital devices

- Case study analysis - Chart assessment - Oral presentations

Themes in Contemporary History and Citizenship

Role playing situations showing how to uphold peace and curb conflicts
Major historical milestones in the history of communication and technology
Factors that led to evolution of communication and technology up to 20th century
Impact of evolution of communication and technology in developed nations

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Demonstrate desire to uphold peace and curb conflicts in Kenya
- Role play different situations on promoting peace in school and community
- Initiate or join peer mediation programmes in school to help resolve student conflicts peacefully
- Evaluate the impact of evolution of communication and technology in developed nations up to 20th century
- Analyse social, economic and political impacts using case studies
- Compare internet usage patterns in developed countries with Kenya's growing digital economy

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Role play different situations showing how to uphold peace
- Discuss peace efforts in the community with family members
- Write key points on personal roles in peace-building
- Read case studies on communication technology in developed nations (e.g., United Kingdom)
- Discuss how the internet changed life in developed countries
- Analyse positive and negative impacts

How can you personally contribute to promoting peace in your school and community?
How did communication technology transform societies in developed nations?

- Oxford Evolving World Bk 10 pg. 179
- Role play materials
- Charts
- Reference materials
- Oxford Evolving World Bk 10 pg. 180
- Pictures of communication tools
- Digital devices
- Charts
- Oxford Evolving World Bk 10 pg. 183
- Resource persons
- Oxford Evolving World Bk 10 pg. 184
- Case studies
- Digital devices
- Reference books

- Role play assessment - Observation - Reflective writing
- Case study analysis - Written tests - Oral questions

Themes in Contemporary History and Citizenship

Impact of evolution of communication and technology in developing nations

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Evaluate the impact of evolution of communication and technology in developing nations up to 20th century
- Analyse how mobile phones and M-Pesa transformed Kenya's economy and society
- Use mobile money services like M-Pesa with awareness of how this innovation has transformed financial access in Kenya

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Read case studies on mobile phones and change in Kenya
- Compare communication technology impacts between developed and developing nations
- Discuss unique impacts on developing countries

How has communication technology uniquely impacted developing nations like Kenya?

- Oxford Evolving World Bk 10 pg. 185
- Case studies
- Digital devices
- Reference materials

- Comparative analysis - Oral presentations - Written assignments

Themes in Contemporary History and Citizenship

Challenges that faced the evolution of communication and technology

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Identify challenges that faced the evolution of communication and technology up to 20th century
- Classify challenges into social, legal, environmental, economic, ethical and political categories
- Recognize current digital challenges like misinformation and relate them to historical challenges of communication accuracy

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Study charts showing challenges facing communication evolution
- Discuss social, technological, legal, environmental, economic, ethical and political challenges
- Research other challenges using digital/print resources

What obstacles hindered the development of communication technology?

- Oxford Evolving World Bk 10 pg. 187
- Charts
- Digital devices
- Reference books

- Classification exercises - Oral questions - Written tests

Themes in Contemporary History and Citizenship

Solutions to challenges facing evolution of communication and technology

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Propose solutions to challenges that faced the evolution of communication and technology
- Explain how continuous innovation, policy development and expanded access addressed challenges
- Practice responsible digital citizenship by verifying information before sharing on social media

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Propose solutions for each challenge identified
- Use charts/posters to present solutions
- Design key messages on responsible use of communication technology

How can we address challenges facing communication technology development?

- Oxford Evolving World Bk 10 pg. 188
- Charts/posters
- Creative materials
- Digital devices

- Solution proposals - Poster assessment - Peer review

Themes in Contemporary History and Citizenship

Promoting responsible digital citizenship
Factors that promote equity and non-discrimination in society
Historical injustices that promote inequality and discrimination

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Design messages on the impact of communication technology and responsible digital citizenship
- Explain behaviours expected of responsible digital citizens
- Apply digital etiquette in online interactions by respecting others' privacy and avoiding cyberbullying
- Identify historical injustices in society that promote inequality and discrimination
- Explain how land dispossession, ethnic discrimination and colonial policies created lasting inequalities
- Understand the experiences of historically marginalized communities in Kenya through documentaries or guest speakers

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Make posters showing messages on responsible digital citizenship
- Display posters on school noticeboards
- Organize visits to factories/companies dealing with communication technology
- Read blog posts/articles on historical injustices
- Use print or digital resources to research on historical injustices
- Prepare reports on findings and share in class

How can we use digital technology responsibly and ethically?
How have historical injustices contributed to current inequalities in society?

- Oxford Evolving World Bk 10 pg. 189
- Poster-making materials
- Digital devices
- Reference materials
- Oxford Evolving World Bk 10 pg. 190
- Posters
- Pictures
- Digital devices
- Oxford Evolving World Bk 10 pg. 192
- Blog posts/articles
- Digital devices
- Reference materials

- Poster assessment - Observation - Oral presentations
- Report writing - Oral presentations - Written tests

Themes in Contemporary History and Citizenship

Measures that promote equity and non-discrimination in society

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Develop measures that promote equity and non-discrimination in society
- Explain affirmative action, inclusive policies and community engagement as tools for fairness
- Support initiatives in school that ensure equal participation of all students regardless of background or ability

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Read speech excerpts on measures promoting equity
- Discuss effectiveness of various measures
- Use flashcards/charts to develop measures promoting equity

What measures can be taken to promote fairness and equal opportunities for all?

- Oxford Evolving World Bk 10 pg. 194
- Speech excerpts
- Flashcards/charts
- Reference materials

- Measure development - Oral questions - Written assignments

Themes in Contemporary History and Citizenship

Government and institutional measures for equity and non-discrimination

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Describe measures put in place by the government to promote equity and non-discrimination
- Explain the role of institutions like NCIC, KNCHR and affirmative action programmes
- Report instances of discrimination to appropriate authorities like teachers or the National Cohesion and Integration Commission

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Research on government initiatives promoting equity
- Discuss the role of institutions in addressing discrimination
- Create awareness messages on government measures

What role does the government play in promoting equity and fighting discrimination?

- Oxford Evolving World Bk 10 pg. 195
- Government reports
- Digital devices
- Reference books

- Research assessment - Oral presentations - Written tests

Themes in Contemporary History and Citizenship

Participating in activities that curb inequality and discrimination

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Desire to promote equity and non-discrimination in society
- Participate in activities that curb inequality and discrimination
- Volunteer in community activities that support marginalized groups or promote inclusivity in the school environment

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Identify activities that curb inequity and discrimination
- Plan and participate in chosen activities
- Document experiences in journals and share with family

How can you actively participate in promoting equity and fighting discrimination?

- Oxford Evolving World Bk 10 pg. 196
- Journals
- Activity planning materials
- Reference materials

- Journal assessment - Participation observation - Reflective writing