Themes in African History and Citizenship

Wanga Kingdom - Origin and formation
Wanga Kingdom - Political, social and economic developments
Aksum Empire - Origin and rise to power
Aksum Empire - Political, economic and cultural achievements

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Examine the factors for growth and development of the Wanga Kingdom
- Describe the origin and formation of the Wanga Kingdom
- Relate the centralised governance system of the Wanga Kingdom to modern county administration structures
- Examine the factors for growth and development of the Aksum Empire
- Describe the origin and rise of the Aksum Empire
- Link the strategic location of Aksum along trade routes to the importance of modern ports like Mombasa in regional trade

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Brainstorm on the development of the Wanga Kingdom
- Use digital/print resources to research on the origin and formation of the kingdom
- Make presentations on the political developments
- Research using digital/print materials on the origin of the Aksum Empire
- Discuss the factors that contributed to its rise
- Present findings using PowerPoint or charts

How did the Wanga Kingdom emerge as a powerful pre-colonial state in Kenya?
How did the Aksum Empire become one of the most powerful civilisations in ancient Africa?

- Oxford Evolving World Bk 10 pg. 80
- Maps showing location of Wanga Kingdom
- Digital devices
- Reference books
- Oxford Evolving World Bk 10 pg. 81
- Charts
- Resource persons
- Historical documents
- Oxford Evolving World Bk 10 pg. 82
- Maps of ancient Ethiopia and Eritrea
- Digital devices
- Reference materials
- Oxford Evolving World Bk 10 pg. 83
- Documentaries
- Pictures of Aksumite monuments
- Reference books

- Oral questions - Group discussions - Written assignments
- Written tests - Oral questions - Portfolio assessment

Themes in African History and Citizenship

Kingdom of Rwanda - Formation and expansion
Significance and contributions of African civilisations to modern society

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Examine the factors for growth and development of the Kingdom of Rwanda
- Describe the formation and expansion of the Kingdom of Rwanda under various leaders
- Compare the unification efforts of Rwandan kings to modern efforts of national integration in African countries

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Read excerpts on the development of the Kingdom of Rwanda
- Discuss the role of King Gihanga and Ruganzu I Bwimba in expansion
- Write essays on the political developments

How did the Kingdom of Rwanda evolve from small chiefdoms to a centralised state?

- Oxford Evolving World Bk 10 pg. 84
- Historical excerpts
- Maps of pre-colonial Rwanda
- Reference materials
- Oxford Evolving World Bk 10 pg. 85
- Case studies
- Charts/posters
- Digital resources

- Essay writing - Oral questions - Peer assessment

Themes in African History and Citizenship

Application of best practices from early civilisations in modern society
Contributions of early civilisations - Governance, trade and cultural heritage

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Deduce how best practices from selected early civilisations are applied in modern society
- Analyse political, economic and socio-cultural practices that continue today
- Propose ways to incorporate indigenous conflict resolution methods into school peace committees

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Conduct investigations using case studies/print sources
- Use tables to present how best practices are applied
- Draw or download pictures showing contributions of early civilisations
- Develop posters/charts for display

Which practices from early African civilisations can be adopted to solve modern challenges?

- Oxford Evolving World Bk 10 pg. 86
- Case studies
- Pictures
- Charts/posters
- Oxford Evolving World Bk 10 pg. 87
- Journals
- Reference materials
- Cultural artefacts

- Project-based assessment - Rubrics - Oral presentations

Themes in African History and Citizenship

Berlin Conference - Significance in the scramble for Africa
Colonisation of Africa - Economic, political and strategic reasons

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Discuss the significance of the Berlin Conference in relation to scramble for and partition of Africa
- Explain the terms agreed upon by European nations during the conference
- Relate the arbitrary drawing of colonial boundaries to current border disputes between African nations

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Research on the significance of the Berlin Conference
- Discuss the terms agreed upon by European powers
- Draw charts showing outcomes of the conference

How did the Berlin Conference shape the colonisation of Africa?

- Oxford Evolving World Bk 10 pg. 89
- Maps showing partition of Africa
- Digital devices
- Historical documents
- Oxford Evolving World Bk 10 pg. 92
- Charts
- Reference books
- Digital resources

- Written tests - Oral questions - Group discussions

Themes in African History and Citizenship

Key players who determined the colonisation of Africa
African leaders and their responses to colonisation
Why the end of colonisation was necessary
End of colonisation - Promoting national pride and self-determination

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Evaluate how key players contributed to the colonisation of Africa
- Identify the roles of European monarchs, explorers, missionaries and chartered companies
- Analyse how the actions of historical figures like Cecil Rhodes continue to influence land ownership patterns in Southern Africa
- Justify why the end of colonisation in Africa was necessary
- Explain the negative impacts of colonial rule on African societies
- Connect the struggles for independence to ongoing efforts to achieve economic self-determination in African countries

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Engage with a resource person to identify key players in colonisation
- Research on the roles of missionaries, explorers, European powers and trading companies
- Match key players with their roles in colonisation
- Read articles on the negative impacts of colonisation
- Discuss factors that contributed to decolonisation
- Debate on whether colonialism needed to end for Africa to prosper

How did different actors contribute to the colonisation of Africa?
Why was the end of colonial rule necessary for African development?

- Oxford Evolving World Bk 10 pg. 93
- Pictures of key figures
- Resource persons
- Reference materials
- Oxford Evolving World Bk 10 pg. 94
- Historical accounts
- Pictures of African leaders
- Reference books
- Oxford Evolving World Bk 10 pg. 95
- Newspaper articles
- Historical documents
- Digital resources
- Oxford Evolving World Bk 10 pg. 96
- Creative writing materials
- Song/poem collections
- Reference materials

- Matching exercises - Oral questions - Written tests
- Debate performance - Written essays - Oral questions

Themes in African History and Citizenship

Modern nationalism - Factors that have influenced nationalism in Africa
Key nationalist leaders - Lessons from Thomas Sankara

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explore factors that have influenced modern nationalism in Africa
- Explain how colonial oppression, western education and economic exploitation contributed to nationalism
- Relate historical nationalist sentiments to current "Buy Kenya, Build Kenya" campaigns and local manufacturing initiatives

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Use digital/printed media to establish factors that contributed to modern nationalism
- Discuss the relationship between past and modern nationalism factors
- Present findings in class

What factors have driven the rise of modern nationalism in Africa?

- Oxford Evolving World Bk 10 pg. 98
- Digital devices
- Newspapers
- Reference books
- Oxford Evolving World Bk 10 pg. 100
- Newsletters
- Pictures of Thomas Sankara
- Reference materials

- Research assessment - Oral questions - Written tests

Themes in African History and Citizenship

Key nationalist leaders - Lessons from Desmond Tutu
Key nationalist leaders - Lessons from Julius Nyerere

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Draw lessons from Desmond Tutu's contributions to nationalism and human rights
- Explain how peaceful protest and moral leadership contributed to ending apartheid
- Apply Tutu's reconciliation principles to resolve conflicts within the school or community setting

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Research on Desmond Tutu's contributions to nationalism
- Discuss his role in the Truth and Reconciliation Commission
- Prepare reports on lessons learnt

How did Desmond Tutu's leadership contribute to peace and nationalism in South Africa?

- Oxford Evolving World Bk 10 pg. 101
- Digital devices
- Pictures of Desmond Tutu
- Reference books
- Oxford Evolving World Bk 10 pg. 102
- Speech excerpts
- Pictures of Julius Nyerere
- Reference materials

- Report writing - Oral presentations - Written tests

Themes in African History and Citizenship

Key nationalist leaders - Lessons from Anwar Sadat
Best practices adopted by African nations to strengthen nationalism

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Draw lessons from Anwar Sadat's contributions to peace and economic reform
- Explain his role in peace negotiations and economic modernisation
- Apply Sadat's diplomatic approach to understanding current regional cooperation efforts such as the East African Community

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Research on Anwar Sadat's contributions to nationalism
- Discuss his role in peace initiatives and economic reforms
- Prepare summaries highlighting key lessons

What can we learn from Anwar Sadat's approach to diplomacy and economic development?

- Oxford Evolving World Bk 10 pg. 103
- Digital devices
- Pictures of Anwar Sadat
- Reference books
- Oxford Evolving World Bk 10 pg. 104
- Case studies
- Charts/posters
- Resource persons

- Written summaries - Oral questions - Peer assessment

Themes in African History and Citizenship

Modern nationalism - Practical application and demonstration
Global wars - Overview of World War I and World War II
World Wars - Social, economic and political impact on Africa
Cold War - Causes, characteristics and impact on Africa

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Acknowledge lessons from key leaders who contributed to modern nationalism
- Demonstrate best practices of modern nationalism in daily interactions
- Support local businesses and cultural events as practical expressions of nationalism in everyday life
- Analyse the social, economic and political impacts of World Wars on Africa
- Explain how African involvement in the wars contributed to independence movements
- Connect the political awareness gained by African soldiers to the emergence of freedom fighters in Kenya's independence struggle

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Document/prepare videos on best practices of modern nationalism
- Share work with parents/guardians
- Recite the African Union anthem
- Identify nationalist practices within school
- Discuss how Africans served in the wars as soldiers, porters and labourers
- Analyse the impacts on African resources and economies
- Present findings in class

How can we demonstrate nationalism in our daily activities?
How did World War I and II impact African societies and independence movements?

- Oxford Evolving World Bk 10 pg. 105
- Video recording devices
- AU anthem lyrics
- Reference materials
- Oxford Evolving World Bk 10 pg. 107
- Digital devices
- Maps showing war zones
- Reference books
- Oxford Evolving World Bk 10 pg. 108
- Historical accounts
- Pictures of African soldiers
- Reference materials
- Oxford Evolving World Bk 10 pg. 109
- Research forms
- Digital devices
- Reference books

- Video assessment - Observation - Peer review
- Analysis assessment - Written tests - Oral presentations

Themes in African History and Citizenship

Gulf War - Impact on Africa
Russia-Ukraine War - Current impact on Africa

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Examine how the Gulf War affected African economies and politics
- Explain the causes, participants and outcomes of the Gulf War
- Relate the economic disruptions caused by the Gulf War to current fuel price fluctuations and their impact on daily life

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Read newspaper headlines about the Gulf War
- Discuss economic and political impacts on Africa
- Present findings in class

How did the Gulf War affect African nations economically and politically?

- Oxford Evolving World Bk 10 pg. 110
- Newspaper excerpts
- Digital devices
- Reference materials
- Oxford Evolving World Bk 10 pg. 112
- Newspaper articles
- Social media content
- Digital devices

- Comprehension assessment - Oral questions - Written tests

Themes in African History and Citizenship

Application of lessons learnt from global wars to build a better society
Strategies to safeguard African states from negative impacts of global wars

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Apply lessons learnt from global wars to build a better society
- Explain the importance of peaceful conflict resolution and international cooperation
- Apply conflict resolution skills learnt from global war lessons to peacefully resolve disputes in school or at home

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Discuss lessons learnt from global wars
- Identify common disputes in school and suggest resolutions
- Design school peace charters

What lessons from global wars can help us build a more peaceful society?

- Oxford Evolving World Bk 10 pg. 114
- Charts for peace charters
- Reference materials
- Creative writing materials
- Oxford Evolving World Bk 10 pg. 116
- UN and AU documents
- Digital devices
- Reference books

- Peace charter assessment - Group discussions - Oral questions

Themes in African History and Citizenship
Themes in World History and Citizenship

Advocating for a world free of war
Modern slavery and servitude - Understanding slavery and servitude

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Advocate for a world free of war to achieve sustainable peace
- Compose songs, poems or messages promoting peace
- Create and share peace messages on school noticeboards or social media to promote awareness in the community

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Develop posters with messages promoting peace
- Display posters in public places
- Share peace messages on social media platforms

How can we contribute to building a world free of war?

- Oxford Evolving World Bk 10 pg. 119
- Poster-making materials
- Digital devices
- Creative writing materials
- Oxford Evolving World Bk 10 pg. 136
- Digital resources
- Reference books

- Poster assessment - Peer review - Creative work evaluation

Themes in World History and Citizenship

Modern slavery and servitude - Forms of modern slavery
Modern slavery and servitude - Factors causing slavery and servitude
Modern slavery and servitude - Government and civil society collaboration
Modern slavery and servitude - Roles of abolitionists

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Identify various forms of slavery and servitude in the modern world
- Explain human trafficking, child labour, domestic servitude and debt bondage
- Recognize warning signs of exploitation in everyday situations
- Explain ways in which governments and civil society collaborate to end slavery and servitude
- Identify roles of different stakeholders in fighting modern slavery
- Support local initiatives that protect vulnerable community members

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Use the library to research on various forms of slavery and servitude
- Share findings in class
- Discuss human trafficking, child labour, domestic servitude, debt bondage and forced labour
- Engage with a resource person to establish ways in which governments and civil society collaborate
- Discuss creating public awareness, developing laws, support programmes for victims and cross-border collaboration
- Present findings in class

What are the various forms of slavery and servitude in the modern world?
How do governments and civil society collaborate to end slavery and servitude?

- Oxford Evolving World Bk 10 pg. 137
- Digital resources
- Library resources
- Oxford Evolving World Bk 10 pg. 138
- Documentaries
- Oxford Evolving World Bk 10 pg. 139
- Resource persons
- Digital resources
- Oxford Evolving World Bk 10 pg. 141
- Charts and posters

- Written tests - Oral questions - Group presentations

Themes in World History and Citizenship

Modern slavery and servitude - Abolitionist movements
Global governance - Meaning and guiding principles

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain the roles of abolitionist movements in the modern society
- Identify contributions of philanthropists, Christian missionaries, traders and civil rights movements
- Participate in debates on strategies to address modern slavery

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Discuss the roles of abolitionist movements including philanthropists, Christian missionaries, traders and civil rights movements
- Debate on prioritizing economic justice to address root causes of modern slavery
- Compose a song/poem on the need to free the world from slavery and servitude

What roles do abolitionist movements play in modern society?

- Oxford Evolving World Bk 10 pg. 142
- Debate materials
- Creative writing materials
- Oxford Evolving World Bk 10 pg. 145
- Digital resources
- Reference books

- Debates - Creative performances - Peer assessment

Themes in World History and Citizenship

Global governance - Addressing transnational challenges
Global governance - Solutions to transnational challenges

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain the need for global governance in addressing transnational challenges
- Identify transnational challenges such as climate change, terrorism and health crises
- Discuss how local actions contribute to addressing global challenges like environmental protection

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Use charts to present information on the need for global governance to address transnational challenges
- Discuss social, economic, political, industrial, environmental and technological challenges
- Analyse case studies of global cooperation

Why is global governance needed to address transnational challenges?

- Oxford Evolving World Bk 10 pg. 148
- Charts and posters
- Case studies
- Oxford Evolving World Bk 10 pg. 150
- Charts
- Digital resources

- Written assignments - Oral questions - Group discussions

Themes in World History and Citizenship

Global governance - Key areas for global stability
Global governance - Role of the United Nations

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Identify key areas of global governance that ensure stability in global trends
- Explain the role of climate change protection, health governance and peace and security
- Create slogans promoting environmental protection and peace for school displays

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Use digital or print media to research on key areas in global governance
- Discuss climate change and environmental protection, health governance, peace and security
- Prepare slogans on key areas of global governance and display

What key areas of global governance help ensure stability in global trends?

- Oxford Evolving World Bk 10 pg. 151
- Digital resources
- Slogan materials
- Oxford Evolving World Bk 10 pg. 153
- Documentaries
- Digital resources

- Oral questions - Slogan creation - Group presentations

Themes in World History and Citizenship

Global governance - Role of the African Union
Global governance - Emerging issues and opportunities
First Generation Industrial Revolution - Characteristics and factors in Britain
First Generation Industrial Revolution - Comparison of factors in Britain and USA
First Generation Industrial Revolution - Early inventions and machines

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Describe the structure of the African Union
- Explain the roles of AU organs in promoting peace, development and human rights
- Discuss how AU decisions affect Kenya and everyday life
- Compare factors that led to industrial revolution in Britain and USA
- Identify similarities and differences in industrialization processes
- Analyse how different countries can learn from each other's development experiences

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Research on the African Union structure and roles
- Discuss the Assembly, Executive Council, Pan-African Parliament, AU Commission and Peace and Security Council
- Draw the structure of the African Union
- Discuss similarities and differences in factors that led to 1st Generation of Industrial Revolution in Britain and USA
- Summarise key points on charts
- Present findings in class

What is the role of the African Union in global governance?
How did factors leading to industrial revolution compare between Britain and USA?

- Oxford Evolving World Bk 10 pg. 154
- Digital resources
- Charts
- Oxford Evolving World Bk 10 pg. 156
- Resource persons
- Creative writing materials
- Oxford Evolving World Bk 10 pg. 160
- Reference books
- Oxford Evolving World Bk 10 pg. 161
- Charts
- Digital resources
- Oxford Evolving World Bk 10 pg. 163

- Oral questions - Written tests - Diagram creation
- Written tests - Oral questions - Comparative analysis

Themes in World History and Citizenship

First Generation Industrial Revolution - Economic impact on Africa
First Generation Industrial Revolution - Social and political impact on Africa

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain economic impacts of the 1st Generation Industrial Revolution on Africa
- Analyse how industrialization led to resource extraction and exploitation
- Connect historical economic exploitation to current discussions on fair trade

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Use digital or print media to research on economic impacts of the 1st Generation of Industrial Revolution on Africa
- Discuss demand for raw materials, introduction of cash crops and disruption of traditional economies
- Present findings in class

What were the economic impacts of the Industrial Revolution on Africa?

- Oxford Evolving World Bk 10 pg. 166
- Digital resources
- Reference books
- Documentaries
- Digital resources

- Written tests - Oral questions - Group presentations

Themes in World History and Citizenship

First Generation Industrial Revolution - Measures to address impact on Africa
First Generation Industrial Revolution - Recognizing African responses and resilience

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Identify measures taken to address the impact of the 1st Generation Industrial Revolution on Africa
- Explain decolonization, economic reforms and environmental restoration efforts
- Discuss ongoing efforts to address historical injustices in local and national contexts

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Watch a video clip or documentary on measures taken to address the impact
- Discuss decolonization, economic policies, labour reforms and environmental initiatives
- Discuss in class the effectiveness of these measures

What measures have been taken to address the impact of the Industrial Revolution on Africa?

- Oxford Evolving World Bk 10 pg. 168
- Documentaries
- Charts
- Oxford Evolving World Bk 10 pg. 169
- Creative writing materials
- Performance space

- Written tests - Oral questions - Group discussions

Themes in Contemporary History and Citizenship

National activities that promote peace in Kenya
Ways in which the Constitution of Kenya, 2010 prevents conflicts between National and County Governments
Ways in which the Constitution prevents conflicts between organs of government and citizens
Incidences where the Constitution has been applied to foster peace and curb conflicts

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Identify national activities that promote peace in Kenya for harmonious living
- Explain how government initiatives and community programmes foster peace
- Participate in school peace clubs or community dialogue forums as practical peace-building activities

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Hold discussions to identify national activities that promote peace in Kenya
- Examine pictures showing peace-building activities
- Prepare summaries highlighting these activities and share with the class

What national activities help promote peace and unity in Kenya?

- Oxford Evolving World Bk 10 pg. 171
- Pictures of peace activities
- Digital devices
- Charts/posters
- Oxford Evolving World Bk 10 pg. 173
- Constitution of Kenya, 2010
- Documentaries
- Resource persons
- Oxford Evolving World Bk 10 pg. 175
- Pictures
- Reference materials
- Oxford Evolving World Bk 10 pg. 177
- Case studies
- Charts/posters
- Digital resources

- Oral questions - Group discussions - Written summaries

Themes in Contemporary History and Citizenship

Alternative Dispute Resolution mechanisms in peace-building
Role playing situations showing how to uphold peace and curb conflicts
Major historical milestones in the history of communication and technology
Factors that led to evolution of communication and technology up to 20th century
Impact of evolution of communication and technology in developed nations
Impact of evolution of communication and technology in developing nations

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain the role of Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) mechanisms in fostering peace
- Describe mediation, arbitration and community dialogues as conflict resolution tools
- Apply ADR techniques like mediation to resolve disagreements among classmates or family members
- Evaluate the impact of evolution of communication and technology in developed nations up to 20th century
- Analyse social, economic and political impacts using case studies
- Compare internet usage patterns in developed countries with Kenya's growing digital economy

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Discuss ADR mechanisms such as mediation, arbitration and community dialogues
- Engage resource persons to explain ADR practices
- Research on how elders resolve disputes in communities
- Read case studies on communication technology in developed nations (e.g., United Kingdom)
- Discuss how the internet changed life in developed countries
- Analyse positive and negative impacts

How can Alternative Dispute Resolution mechanisms help prevent conflicts from escalating?
How did communication technology transform societies in developed nations?

- Oxford Evolving World Bk 10 pg. 178
- Resource persons
- Reference materials
- Digital devices
- Oxford Evolving World Bk 10 pg. 179
- Role play materials
- Charts
- Reference materials
- Oxford Evolving World Bk 10 pg. 180
- Pictures of communication tools
- Digital devices
- Charts
- Oxford Evolving World Bk 10 pg. 183
- Oxford Evolving World Bk 10 pg. 184
- Case studies
- Digital devices
- Reference books
- Oxford Evolving World Bk 10 pg. 185
- Reference materials

- Oral questions - Written tests - Group discussions
- Case study analysis - Written tests - Oral questions

Themes in Contemporary History and Citizenship

Challenges that faced the evolution of communication and technology
Solutions to challenges facing evolution of communication and technology

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Identify challenges that faced the evolution of communication and technology up to 20th century
- Classify challenges into social, legal, environmental, economic, ethical and political categories
- Recognize current digital challenges like misinformation and relate them to historical challenges of communication accuracy

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Study charts showing challenges facing communication evolution
- Discuss social, technological, legal, environmental, economic, ethical and political challenges
- Research other challenges using digital/print resources

What obstacles hindered the development of communication technology?

- Oxford Evolving World Bk 10 pg. 187
- Charts
- Digital devices
- Reference books
- Oxford Evolving World Bk 10 pg. 188
- Charts/posters
- Creative materials
- Digital devices

- Classification exercises - Oral questions - Written tests

Themes in Contemporary History and Citizenship

Promoting responsible digital citizenship
Factors that promote equity and non-discrimination in society

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Design messages on the impact of communication technology and responsible digital citizenship
- Explain behaviours expected of responsible digital citizens
- Apply digital etiquette in online interactions by respecting others' privacy and avoiding cyberbullying

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Make posters showing messages on responsible digital citizenship
- Display posters on school noticeboards
- Organize visits to factories/companies dealing with communication technology

How can we use digital technology responsibly and ethically?

- Oxford Evolving World Bk 10 pg. 189
- Poster-making materials
- Digital devices
- Reference materials
- Oxford Evolving World Bk 10 pg. 190
- Posters
- Pictures
- Digital devices

- Poster assessment - Observation - Oral presentations

Themes in Contemporary History and Citizenship

Historical injustices that promote inequality and discrimination
Measures that promote equity and non-discrimination in society
Government and institutional measures for equity and non-discrimination
Participating in activities that curb inequality and discrimination

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Identify historical injustices in society that promote inequality and discrimination
- Explain how land dispossession, ethnic discrimination and colonial policies created lasting inequalities
- Understand the experiences of historically marginalized communities in Kenya through documentaries or guest speakers

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Read blog posts/articles on historical injustices
- Use print or digital resources to research on historical injustices
- Prepare reports on findings and share in class

How have historical injustices contributed to current inequalities in society?

- Oxford Evolving World Bk 10 pg. 192
- Blog posts/articles
- Digital devices
- Reference materials
- Oxford Evolving World Bk 10 pg. 194
- Speech excerpts
- Flashcards/charts
- Oxford Evolving World Bk 10 pg. 195
- Government reports
- Reference books
- Oxford Evolving World Bk 10 pg. 196
- Journals
- Activity planning materials

- Report writing - Oral presentations - Written tests