Measurement

Length - Identifying the centimetre as a unit of measuring length

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Identify the centimetre as a unit of measuring length.
- Mark out lengths of one centimetre using a ruler.
- Appreciate use of metres and centimetres in measuring distance in real life.

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Team up with peers to identify the centimetre and mark out lengths of one centimetre using a ruler
- Discuss items whose length can be measured in centimetres
- Write six other items whose length can be measured in centimetres

How can you measure distance?

- KLB Mathematics Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 91
- Metre rule
- 1-metre sticks
- Tape measure

- Oral questions - Observation

Measurement

Length - Measuring length of objects in centimetres using a ruler
Length - Measuring lines in centimetres
Length - Estimating and measuring length in centimetres

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- State the tool used to measure short lengths in centimetres.
- Measure the length of given objects in centimetres using a 30 cm ruler.
- Appreciate accuracy when measuring length.

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Work with peers to measure the length of a given object in centimetres using a ruler
- Measure the length of items such as a textbook or a finger in pairs
- Record measured lengths in centimetres and share with other groups

Why should we measure distance in real life?

- KLB Mathematics Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 92
- Metre rule
- 1-metre sticks
- Tape measure
- KLB Mathematics Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 93
- KLB Mathematics Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 94

- Written exercise - Observation

Measurement

Length - Establishing the relationship between metres and centimetres
Length - Perimeter of plane figures
Length - Addition involving length in metres and centimetres
Length - Subtraction involving length in metres and centimetres

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- State the relationship between the metre and the centimetre.
- Convert metres to centimetres and centimetres to metres in real-life situations.
- Appreciate use of metres and centimetres in measuring distance in real life.

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Measure the length of strings and the chalkboard in metres and centimetres and establish the relationship between the units
- Work with peers to use the relationship between centimetres and metres
- Convert given lengths from metres to centimetres and centimetres to metres

What is the relationship between a metre and a centimetre?

- KLB Mathematics Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 97
- Metre rule
- 1-metre sticks
- Tape measure
- KLB Mathematics Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 98
- KLB Mathematics Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 100
- Digital devices
- KLB Mathematics Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 102

- Written exercise - Oral questions

Measurement

Length - Multiplication involving length in metres and centimetres
Length - Division involving length in metres and centimetres

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- State the steps followed when multiplying lengths given in metres and centimetres.
- Carry out multiplication involving metres and centimetres in real-life situations.
- Appreciate use of metres and centimetres in measuring distance in real life.

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Prepare sticks of a given length and use them to demonstrate multiplication of length
- Work out multiplication involving metres and centimetres in pairs
- Solve real-life word problems involving multiplication of length e.g. total length of several ribbons

When can you use multiplication of length in real life?

- KLB Mathematics Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 103
- Metre rule
- 1-metre sticks
- Tape measure
- KLB Mathematics Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 105
- Digital devices

- Oral questions - Written assignment

Measurement

Area - Comparing area of surfaces

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain the meaning of area of a surface.
- Compare the area of given surfaces by direct manipulation.
- Appreciate the use of area in real-life situations.

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Collaboratively compare the area of two surfaces directly by placing one surface on the other
- Team up with peers while using different unit square cut-outs to cover a given surface
- Discuss which of two given surfaces has a bigger area

How can you work out the area of different surfaces?

- KLB Mathematics Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 106
- Square cut-outs
- Paper cut-outs

- Oral questions - Observation

Measurement

Area - Area of squares and rectangles by counting unit squares
Area - Area of a rectangle by counting unit squares

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain how to find area by counting unit squares.
- Cover a given surface using unit square cut-outs and count them to find the area.
- Appreciate the use of unit squares in calculating area.

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Share tasks with peers while counting the number of unit square cut-outs prepared from locally available materials to cover the surface
- Discuss how counting unit squares helps determine area
- Practice covering different surfaces with unit squares in groups

Why do we use unit squares to measure area?

- KLB Mathematics Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 108
- Square cut-outs
- Paper cut-outs
- KLB Mathematics Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 109

- Observation - Written exercise

Measurement

Area - Finding area by multiplying rows and columns

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- State the relationship between area and the number of rows and columns.
- Establish that the area of a square or rectangle equals the number of rows multiplied by the number of columns.
- Appreciate the use of rows and columns in calculating area of squares and rectangles in real-life situations.

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Fold a square card to form equal squares and discuss the number formed
- Jointly work with peers to establish that the area of a rectangle or a square is the same as the number of rows multiplied by the number of columns
- Draw rows and columns in a shape and find its area in square units

How can you work out area of different surfaces?

- KLB Mathematics Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 113
- Square cut-outs
- Paper cut-outs

- Oral questions - Written exercise

Measurement

Area - Area of a square as a product of rows and columns
Area - Area of a rectangle as a product of rows and columns

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- State the formula for finding the area of a square using rows and columns.
- Work out the area of a square by multiplying the number of rows by the number of columns.
- Appreciate the use of rows and columns in calculating area of squares in real-life situations.

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Work out the area of squares by multiplying the number of rows by the number of columns, such as on a tiled floor
- Practice calculating the area of given squares in pairs
- Team up with peers to play games involving areas of squares using digital devices

How can multiplication help you find the area of a square quickly?

- KLB Mathematics Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 115
- Square cut-outs
- Paper cut-outs
- Digital devices
- KLB Mathematics Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 117

- Written exercise - Observation

Measurement

Area - Application of area of squares and rectangles in real-life situations
Area - Consolidation: area of squares and rectangles

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Identify real-life situations that require calculation of area.
- Solve word problems involving the area of squares and rectangles e.g. garden plots.
- Appreciate the use of area of squares and rectangles in real-life situations.

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Shade squares and rectangles of given areas on a square grid using different colours without overlapping
- Solve real-life problems involving area such as area of plots under different crops in a garden
- Use information technology devices to play games involving areas

How is area applied in planning a garden or a floor?

- KLB Mathematics Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 117
- Square cut-outs
- Paper cut-outs
- Digital devices
- KLB Mathematics Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 118

- Written assignment - Oral questions

Measurement

Volume - Identifying cubes and cuboids

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Identify a cube and a cuboid from a collection of boxes.
- Compare the length of edges of boxes to classify them as cubes or cuboids.
- Appreciate the difference between cubes and cuboids in real-life situations.

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Collect boxes of different sizes and shapes and measure and compare the length of their edges
- Discuss and share the results with other groups
- Make models of cubes and cuboids using clay, plasticine or paper mache

How can you tell the difference between a cube and a cuboid?

- KLB Mathematics Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 118
- Cubes
- Cuboids

- Oral questions - Observation

Measurement

Volume - Piling objects to form cubes
Volume - Volume of a cube

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain the meaning of a unit cube.
- Pile objects into stacks of cubes in real-life situations.
- Appreciate use of piling method in working out volume in real life.

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Discuss and carefully arrange blocks or objects on top of each other into a cube shape
- Practise stacking objects or blocks to form cubes of different sizes
- Use digital devices or other resources to safely play games involving stacking blocks to form cubes

Where can we apply the volume of cubes in real-life situations?

- KLB Mathematics Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 119
- Cubes
- Cuboids
- Digital devices
- KLB Mathematics Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 120

- Observation - Written exercise

Measurement

Volume - Piling objects to form cuboids
Volume - Volume of a cuboid

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain how a cuboid is formed by piling objects.
- Pile objects into stacks of cuboids in real-life situations.
- Appreciate use of piling method in working out volume in real life.

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Discuss and carefully arrange blocks or objects on top of each other into a cuboid shape
- Practise stacking objects or blocks to form cuboids of different sizes
- Team up with peers to count the number of objects in the pile that makes a cuboid

Where can we apply the volume of cuboids in real-life situations?

- KLB Mathematics Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 122
- Cubes
- Cuboids
- KLB Mathematics Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 123

- Observation - Written exercise

Measurement

Volume - Practice: calculating volume of cuboids

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- State the steps followed in calculating the volume of a cuboid.
- Solve a variety of problems involving the volume of cuboids.
- Appreciate use of piling method in working out volume in real life.

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Work out the volume of cuboids represented in different diagrams
- Compare volumes of different cuboids in pairs
- Share answers with other groups and discuss different approaches

How is the volume of a cuboid useful in real life?

- KLB Mathematics Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 123
- Cubes
- Cuboids

- Oral questions - Written assignment

Measurement

Volume - Application of volume of cubes and cuboids in real-life situations
Volume - Consolidation: volume of cubes and cuboids

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Identify real-life situations that require calculation of volume.
- Solve word problems involving the volume of cubes and cuboids.
- Appreciate use of piling method in working out volume in real life.

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Discuss real-life situations that require calculating volume e.g. stacking boxes in a store
- Use digital devices or other resources to safely play games involving stacking blocks to form cubes and cuboids
- Present solutions to the class and discuss different methods used

How is volume applied in packing and stacking goods?

- KLB Mathematics Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 124
- Cubes
- Cuboids
- Digital devices

- Written assignment - Observation

Measurement

Capacity - Comparing the capacity of different containers

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain the meaning of capacity.
- Compare the capacity of different containers by direct observation.
- Appreciate use of the litre as a unit of measuring capacity in real-life situations.

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Name liquids that are measured and sold in litres
- Discuss and compare the capacities of different containers found in the classroom
- Share observations with other groups

How can you measure capacity using arbitrary units?

- KLB Mathematics Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 125
- 1-litre containers
- Containers of different sizes
- Water
- Sand
- Soil

- Oral questions - Observation

Measurement

Capacity - Capacity in litres
Capacity - Measuring capacity of containers using a one-litre container

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Identify the litre as a unit of measuring capacity.
- Measure capacity in litres in real-life situations.
- Appreciate use of the litre as a unit of measuring capacity in real-life situations.

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Use a one-litre container to measure the capacity of different containers
- Discuss where the litre is used to measure liquids in real life
- Record the capacity of given containers in litres

How can you measure capacity using arbitrary units?

- KLB Mathematics Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 125
- 1-litre containers
- Containers of different sizes
- Water
- Sand
- Soil
- KLB Mathematics Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 126

- Written exercise - Oral questions

Measurement

Capacity - Making litre containers through filling and emptying
Capacity - Measuring capacity using half-litre and quarter-litre containers

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain the steps followed in making a litre container.
- Make litre containers from locally available materials through filling and emptying with water or sand.
- Appreciate use of the litre as a unit of measuring capacity in real-life situations.

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Work with peers in making litre containers from locally available materials through filling and emptying with water or sand
- Make several other litre containers and confirm their accuracy
- Use the litre containers made to measure capacity of other containers

How can you make a litre container using locally available materials?

- KLB Mathematics Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 127
- 1-litre containers
- Containers of different sizes
- Water
- Sand
- Soil
- KLB Mathematics Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 128

- Oral questions - Observation

Measurement

Capacity - Addition of capacity in litres

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- State the steps followed when adding capacity in litres.
- Work out addition of capacity in litres in real-life situations.
- Appreciate use of the litre as a unit of measuring capacity in real-life situations.

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Fill 5-litre and 10-litre containers with water and confirm by adding the two amounts
- Work out addition problems involving litres in pairs
- Solve real-life word problems involving addition of capacity e.g. water in two tanks

How can adding capacities help us in daily life?

- KLB Mathematics Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 129
- 1-litre containers
- Containers of different sizes
- Water
- Sand
- Soil

- Oral questions - Written exercise

Measurement

Capacity - Subtraction of capacity in litres
Capacity - Application of capacity in real-life situations

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- State the steps followed when subtracting capacity in litres.
- Work out subtraction of capacity in litres in real-life situations.
- Appreciate use of the litre as a unit of measuring capacity in real-life situations.

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Get a 20-litre bucket marked in litres and remove some litres of water to relate the activity to subtraction
- Work out subtraction problems involving litres in pairs
- Solve real-life word problems involving subtraction of capacity e.g. water remaining in a tank

How can subtracting capacities help us in daily life?

- KLB Mathematics Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 131
- 1-litre containers
- Containers of different sizes
- Water
- Sand
- Soil
- Digital devices

- Written exercise - Oral questions

Measurement

Mass - Comparing the mass of different objects

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain the meaning of mass.
- Compare the mass of different objects by direct manipulation.
- Appreciate kilogramme as a unit of measuring mass.

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Hold different objects and discuss which one feels heavier or lighter
- Compare the mass of objects using a simple balance
- Share observations with other groups

How can we measure mass in kilogrammes?

- KLB Mathematics Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 132
- 1 kg mass
- Soil or sand
- Manual/electronic weighing machine
- Beam balance

- Oral questions - Observation

Measurement

Mass - Measuring mass in kilograms using a beam balance
Mass - Measuring mass using a half-kilogram mass

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Identify the kilogramme as a unit of measuring mass.
- Use a one kilogramme mass to measure masses of given objects using a beam balance.
- Appreciate kilogramme as a unit of measuring mass.

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Use one kilogramme (kg) masses to measure masses of given objects using a beam balance
- Record the masses of different objects measured in kilogrammes
- Share results with other groups

How can we measure mass in kilogrammes?

- KLB Mathematics Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 132
- 1 kg mass
- Soil or sand
- Manual/electronic weighing machine
- Beam balance
- KLB Mathematics Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 133

- Written exercise - Observation

Measurement

Mass - Measuring mass using a quarter-kilogram mass
Mass - Mass in half-kilogram and quarter-kilogram in real-life situations

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain the steps followed in making a quarter-kilogramme mass.
- Make and use a quarter-kilogramme mass to measure the mass of given objects.
- Appreciate kilogramme as a unit of measuring mass.

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Share tasks while making a quarter-kilogramme mass and use it to measure mass of given objects using a beam balance and an electronic balance
- Compare results obtained using a beam balance and an electronic balance
- Discuss and share results with other groups

How does an electronic balance differ from a beam balance?

- KLB Mathematics Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 134
- 1 kg mass
- Soil or sand
- Manual/electronic weighing machine
- Beam balance
- KLB Mathematics Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 135

- Written exercise - Observation

Measurement

Mass - Addition of mass in kilograms

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- State the steps followed when adding masses in kilogrammes.
- Add mass involving kilogrammes in real-life situations.
- Appreciate kilogramme as a unit of measuring mass.

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Work out addition problems involving kilogrammes in pairs
- Solve real-life word problems involving addition of mass e.g. maize or rice bought by two people
- Share answers with other groups

How can adding mass help us in daily life?

- KLB Mathematics Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 136
- 1 kg mass
- Soil or sand
- Manual/electronic weighing machine
- Beam balance

- Written exercise - Oral questions

Measurement

Mass - Subtraction of mass in kilograms
Mass - Application of mass in real-life situations

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- State the steps followed when subtracting masses in kilogrammes.
- Subtract mass involving kilogrammes in real-life situations.
- Appreciate kilogramme as a unit of measuring mass.

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Carry out subtraction of mass involving kilogrammes in pairs
- Solve real-life word problems involving subtraction of mass e.g. fish or onions remaining
- Play digital games involving mass

How can subtracting mass help us in daily life?

- KLB Mathematics Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 137
- 1 kg mass
- Soil or sand
- Manual/electronic weighing machine
- Beam balance
- Digital devices

- Written exercise - Observation

Measurement

Time - Reading and telling time in a.m. and p.m.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Read and tell time in a.m. and p.m. using analogue and digital clocks.
- Tell the time shown on a given analogue or digital clock in a.m. or p.m..
- Appreciate time in day-to-day activities.

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Work with peers in reading and telling time in a.m. and p.m. using digital and analogue clocks
- Practice reading time shown on clock faces in pairs
- Discuss activities that take place in a.m. and those that take place in p.m.

How can we estimate time?

- KLB Mathematics Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 138
- Analogue and digital clocks
- Digital watches
- am/pm chart

- Oral questions - Observation

Measurement

Time - Estimating time using a.m. and p.m.
Time - Converting hours into minutes

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain how the shadow of an object can be used to estimate time.
- Estimate the time of the day using the shadow of a building or a tree.
- Appreciate time in day-to-day activities.

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Measure the length of the shadow of a flag post at different times
- Relate the length of the shadow with the time of day
- Use the length of the shadow to estimate the time of the day

How can the length of a shadow help us estimate time?

- KLB Mathematics Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 140
- Analogue and digital clocks
- Digital watches
- am/pm chart
- KLB Mathematics Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 141

- Observation - Written exercise

Measurement

Time - Converting minutes into hours
Time - Converting days into hours

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- State the number of hours in a given number of minutes.
- Convert given minutes into hours in real-life situations.
- Appreciate time in day-to-day activities.

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Change minutes to hours using a clock face in groups
- Practice converting given minutes into hours in pairs
- Solve real-life word problems involving conversion of minutes to hours

Why do we need to convert minutes into hours?

- KLB Mathematics Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 143
- Analogue and digital clocks
- Digital watches
- am/pm chart
- KLB Mathematics Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 144

- Written exercise - Observation

Measurement

Time - Converting hours into days

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- State the number of days in a given number of hours.
- Convert given hours into days in real-life situations.
- Appreciate time in day-to-day activities.

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Change hours to days in groups using a calendar and clock
- Practice converting given hours into days in pairs
- Solve real-life word problems involving conversion of hours to days

Why do we need to convert hours into days?

- KLB Mathematics Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 145
- Analogue and digital clocks
- Digital watches
- am/pm chart

- Written exercise - Oral questions

Measurement

Time - Converting weeks into days and days into weeks
Time - Recording time durations

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- State the number of days in a week.
- Convert weeks into days and days into weeks in real-life situations.
- Appreciate time in day-to-day activities.

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Convert days to weeks and weeks to days using a calendar in groups
- Practice converting given weeks into days and days into weeks in pairs
- Solve real-life word problems involving conversion of weeks and days

Why do we need to convert between weeks and days?

- KLB Mathematics Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 145
- Analogue and digital clocks
- Digital watches
- am/pm chart
- KLB Mathematics Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 147

- Oral questions - Written exercise

Measurement

Time - Addition of units of time
Time - Subtraction of units of time

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- State the steps followed when adding units of time.
- Work out addition involving units of time in real-life situations.
- Appreciate time in day-to-day activities.

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Work out addition problems involving hours, minutes, weeks and days in pairs
- Solve real-life word problems involving addition of time
- Share answers with other groups

How can adding units of time help us plan our day?

- KLB Mathematics Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 148
- Analogue and digital clocks
- Digital watches
- am/pm chart
- KLB Mathematics Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 149

- Written exercise - Oral questions

Measurement

Money - Conversion of shillings into cents

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- State the number of cents in one shilling.
- Convert given amounts of shillings into cents in different contexts.
- Appreciate the use of money in real-life situations.

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Discuss and convert shillings into cents using real or imitation money in groups
- Practice converting given amounts of shillings into cents in pairs
- Solve real-life word problems involving conversion of shillings to cents

Why should we prepare a shopping list?

- KLB Mathematics Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 151
- Real/imitation money
- Price list

- Oral questions - Written exercise

Measurement

Money - Conversion of cents into shillings
Money - Preparing a shopping list

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- State the number of shillings in a given number of cents.
- Convert given amounts of cents into shillings in different contexts.
- Appreciate the use of money in real-life situations.

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Discuss and convert cents into shillings using real or imitation money in groups
- Practice converting given amounts of cents into shillings in pairs
- Solve real-life word problems involving conversion of cents to shillings

Why is it important to know how to convert cents into shillings?

- KLB Mathematics Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 153
- Real/imitation money
- Price list
- KLB Mathematics Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 154

- Written exercise - Oral questions

Measurement

Money - Working out the total cost of items in a shopping list

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- State the steps followed in working out the total cost of items.
- Work out the total cost of items in a shopping list for a value not more than ten thousand shillings.
- Appreciate the use of money in real-life situations.

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Calculate the total cost of items in a given shopping list in pairs
- Use a price list to work out the cost of items such as sugar, bread and yoghurt
- Share answers with other groups and discuss different methods used

How can preparing a budget help us manage money?

- KLB Mathematics Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 154
- Real/imitation money
- Price list

- Written exercise - Oral questions

Measurement

Money - Solving word problems involving total cost of items
Money - Preparing a class model shop

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Identify the information needed to solve a money word problem.
- Solve real-life word problems involving the total cost of items purchased.
- Appreciate the use of money in real-life situations.

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Solve word problems involving the total cost of items such as sugar, wheat flour and rice
- Discuss strategies for solving money word problems in groups
- Share solutions with the class

How can we make sure we have enough money before shopping?

- KLB Mathematics Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 155
- Real/imitation money
- Price list

- Written assignment - Oral questions

Measurement

Money - Preparing imitation money
Money - Role-playing shopping activities as buyers and shopkeepers

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain the steps followed in preparing imitation money.
- Prepare imitation coins and notes using real money as a guide.
- Appreciate the use of money in real-life situations.

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Prepare imitation coins and notes using real coins and notes as a guide
- Arrange the imitation coins and notes according to their values
- Discuss safe and honest handling of money with peers

Why is it important to handle money honestly and carefully?

- KLB Mathematics Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 156
- Real/imitation money
- Price list

- Observation - Written assignment

Geometry

Position and Direction - Identifying clockwise and anti-clockwise turns
Position and Direction - Demonstrating clockwise and anti-clockwise turns
Position and Direction - Quarter turn

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Identify a clockwise and an anti-clockwise turn in the environment.
- Distinguish between a clockwise turn and an anti-clockwise turn.
- Appreciate use of position and direction in real-life situations.

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Place a clock on the floor and, in groups, turn round it in the direction of the minute hand
- Discuss and identify the movement of the clock's hands as a clockwise turn
- Stand in a circle and identify turns made by peers as clockwise or anti-clockwise

How can you change your position?

- KLB Mathematics Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 156
- Clock face
- Charts
- KLB Mathematics Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 157

- Oral questions - Observation

Geometry

Position and Direction - Half turn
Position and Direction - Full turn
Angles - Identifying an angle

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Identify a half turn direction in the environment.
- Demonstrate a half turn from a point.
- Appreciate use of position and direction in real-life situations.

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Work with peers to safely make half turns in the surroundings
- Demonstrate a half turn from a point and discuss what is seen before and after
- Discuss how many quarter turns make a half turn

How can you change your position using a half turn?

- KLB Mathematics Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 157
- Clock face
- Charts
- KLB Mathematics Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 158
- Digital devices
- KLB Mathematics Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 159
- Charts with different lines
- Rulers
- Cubes and cuboids

- Observation - Written exercise

Geometry

Angles - Identifying and colouring angles in diagrams
Angles - Angles in the environment
Angles - Relating turns to angles

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Identify angles represented in different diagrams.
- Copy and colour the angles shown in given diagrams.
- Appreciate use of angles in real-life situations.

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Copy and colour the angles in given diagrams in pairs
- In pairs or groups, discuss other angles formed by different objects in the environment
- Share coloured diagrams with other groups

How can you identify an angle in a diagram?

- KLB Mathematics Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 160
- Charts with different lines
- Rulers
- Cubes and cuboids
- KLB Mathematics Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 161

- Written exercise - Observation

Geometry

Angles - Application of angles in real-life situations
Plane Figures - Identifying shapes in the environment

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Identify real-life situations that involve angles.
- Solve practical problems involving identification of angles in the environment.
- Appreciate use of angles in real-life situations.

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Discuss real-life objects and activities that form angles e.g. scissors, a clock or a folding chair
- Play digital games and learn more about angles
- Present findings on angles observed in the environment to the class

Why is it important to recognise angles in everyday objects?

- KLB Mathematics Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 162
- Charts with different lines
- Rulers
- Cubes and cuboids
- Digital devices
- KLB Mathematics Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 163
- Cut-outs of rectangles, circles and triangles of different sizes

- Oral questions - Written assignment

Geometry

Plane Figures - Drawing shapes of rectangles, squares, triangles, circles and ovals

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- State the steps followed when drawing a given plane figure.
- Draw the shapes of rectangles, squares, triangles, circles and ovals from objects in the environment.
- Appreciate using shapes in real-life situations.

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Sketch the shapes of rectangles, squares, triangles, circles and ovals in books or charts using objects in the environment
- Trace round objects to draw plane figures in pairs
- Share drawn shapes with other groups

Why is it important to draw shapes accurately?

- KLB Mathematics Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 163
- Cut-outs of rectangles, circles and triangles of different sizes

- Written exercise - Observation

Geometry

Plane Figures - Lines of symmetry of plane figures
Plane Figures - Making patterns using squares, rectangles and triangles

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain the meaning of a line of symmetry.
- Identify lines of symmetry of rectangles, squares, circles and ovals by folding.
- Appreciate using shapes in real-life situations.

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Discuss and fold the shapes into two equal parts and recognise the fold line as the line of symmetry
- Discuss how many lines of symmetry each shape can possibly have by folding the shapes
- Practice folding rectangles, squares, circles and ovals to find their lines of symmetry in pairs

How can folding help you find the lines of symmetry of a shape?

- KLB Mathematics Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 164
- Cut-outs of rectangles, circles and triangles of different sizes
- KLB Mathematics Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 166
- Digital devices

- Observation - Written exercise

Geometry

Plane Figures - Properties of squares and rectangles

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- State the properties of a square and a rectangle.
- Identify the properties of a square and a rectangle practically.
- Appreciate using shapes in real-life situations.

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Identify the properties of a square practically using cut-outs e.g. counting sides and corners
- Discuss the properties of a rectangle practically in groups
- Compare the properties of a square and a rectangle and share findings with other groups

How are a square and a rectangle similar or different?

- KLB Mathematics Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 168
- Cut-outs of rectangles, circles and triangles of different sizes

- Oral questions - Written exercise

Geometry
Data Handling
Data Handling

Plane Figures - Properties of triangles
Data - Identifying materials for data collection
Data - Collecting data within the school environment

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- State the properties of a triangle.
- Identify the properties of a triangle practically.
- Appreciate using shapes in real-life situations.

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Identify the properties of a triangle practically using cut-outs e.g. counting sides and corners
- Compare the properties of a triangle to those of a square and a rectangle
- Collaboratively use digital devices to learn more about the properties of plane figures

Why is it useful to know the properties of different plane figures?

- KLB Mathematics Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 169
- Cut-outs of rectangles, circles and triangles of different sizes
- Digital devices
- KLB Mathematics Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 171
- Data from different sources
- KLB Mathematics Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 172

- Written assignment - Observation

Data Handling

Data - Collecting personal data e.g. family size, shoe size, favourite food and colour
Data - Organising data by arranging in ascending order
Data - Drawing a table and recording data in it
Data - Recording data in a table

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Identify types of personal data that can be collected.
- Collect data of at most 10 items on personal information such as family size, shoe size, favourite food, game and colour.
- Appreciate use of tables in representing data in real-life situations.

- In groups of 10, collect information for each learner on family size, shoe size, favourite food, game and colour
- In groups of 10, measure and record the height of each learner in centimetres
- Team up with peers to use digital devices or other resources for data collection and recording

Why is it useful to collect data about ourselves?

- KLB Mathematics Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 172
- Data from different sources
- Digital devices
- KLB Mathematics Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 174
- KLB Mathematics Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 175

- Oral questions - Observation

Data Handling

Data - Interpreting data from a table
Data - Interpreting data from tables in different real-life contexts
Data - Collecting, recording and interpreting data on colours in a table
Data - Application of data handling in real-life situations

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain the meaning of interpreting data.
- Interpret the raw data from a table by answering questions about it.
- Appreciate use of tables in representing data in real-life situations.

- Explain and interpret raw data from a table showing learners who played different ball games
- Study a table showing the mass of ten learners and answer questions about it
- Discuss with peers how interpretation helps in understanding data

How can you represent data?

- KLB Mathematics Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 178
- Data from different sources
- KLB Mathematics Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 180
- KLB Mathematics Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 181
- Digital devices

- Oral questions - Written exercise