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SCHEME OF WORK
English
Form 4 2026
TERM III
School


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WK LSN TOPIC SUB-TOPIC OBJECTIVES T/L ACTIVITIES T/L AIDS REFERENCE REMARKS
2 1
REVISION

English Paper 1 Revision
English Paper 1 Revision
Functional Writing
Cloze Test and Language Use
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- apply correct formats in functional writing tasks - use appropriate tone and style for different audiences - organize ideas logically and coherently - apply correct grammar, spelling, and punctuation in written work
Teacher reviews common functional writing formats Learners attempt sample tasks Peer correction and guided feedback
Past papers, Sample formats, Functional writing guide
Past papers, English grammar books
English Revision Papers
2 2
English Paper 1 Revision
English Paper 2 Revision
Oral Skills
Comprehension Skills
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- identify and use sound patterns in oral genres - demonstrate correct intonation, stress, and pronunciation - practice listening, turn-taking, and polite interruption in conversations - apply oral skills in formal and informal settings (debates, speeches, discussions)
Teacher models oral skills through examples Learners practice tongue twisters, role-plays, dialogues, and listening exercises Group activities such as debates and presentations
Past papers, Audio/visual aids
Past papers, comprehension passages
English Revision Papers
2 3
English Paper 2 Revision
Literary Appreciation – Set Texts
Literary Appreciation – Oral Literature
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- identify themes, characters, and stylistic devices in excerpts - analyze relevance of issues raised in set texts - discuss moral lessons from extracts - respond to different types of literary questions
Teacher explains approaches to drama and poetry questions Learners analyze excerpts from set texts Class discussion on themes and style
Set texts, past papers
Oral literature, past papers
English Revision Papers
Set book
2 4
English Paper 2 Revision
English Paper 3 Revision
Grammar and Language Use
Imaginative Composition
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- apply grammar rules correctly in sentence transformation - use punctuation, connectors, phrasal verbs, and prepositions accurately - differentiate meanings in similar sentence structures - demonstrate accuracy in language exercises
Teacher highlights common grammar challenges Learners attempt grammar exercises from past exams Peer correction and teacher-guided review
Grammar texts, past papers
Sample compositions, past papers
English Revision Papers
2 5
English Paper 3 Revision
Compulsory Set Text Essay
Secondary Set Text Essay
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- analyze the compulsory set text in relation to themes, characters, and style - respond to essay-type questions using well-organized arguments - support points with relevant textual evidence - demonstrate accuracy in essay structure (introduction, body, conclusion)
Teacher demonstrates how to approach set text essay questions Learners attempt past exam essays on the compulsory text Group discussion on themes, issues, and character traits
Set text, past papers
English Paper 3 Revision Guides
2 6
English Paper 1 Revision
Functional Writing
Cloze Test and Language Use
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- apply correct formats in functional writing tasks - use appropriate tone and style for different audiences - organize ideas logically and coherently - apply correct grammar, spelling, and punctuation in written work
Teacher reviews common functional writing formats Learners attempt sample tasks Peer correction and guided feedback
Past papers, Sample formats, Functional writing guide
Past papers, English grammar books
English Revision Papers
2 7
English Paper 1 Revision
Oral Skills
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- identify and use sound patterns in oral genres - demonstrate correct intonation, stress, and pronunciation - practice listening, turn-taking, and polite interruption in conversations - apply oral skills in formal and informal settings (debates, speeches, discussions)
Teacher models oral skills through examples Learners practice tongue twisters, role-plays, dialogues, and listening exercises Group activities such as debates and presentations
Past papers, Audio/visual aids
English Revision Papers
2 8
English Paper 2 Revision
Comprehension Skills
Literary Appreciation – Set Texts
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- read and interpret unseen passages - identify main and supporting ideas - analyze tone, style, and imagery - write concise and coherent summaries
Teacher guides learners on comprehension strategies Learners attempt comprehension past paper questions Group work on summarizing and answering questions
Past papers, comprehension passages
Set texts, past papers
English Revision Papers
3 1
English Paper 2 Revision
Literary Appreciation – Oral Literature
Grammar and Language Use
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- classify types of oral narratives and genres - identify features of oral literature (stylistic devices, performance aspects, moral lessons) - analyze questions from oral narratives and short stories
Teacher explains oral narrative features Learners read oral texts and answer questions Peer discussion and oral presentation
Oral literature, past papers
Grammar texts, past papers
English Revision Papers
Set book
3 2
English Paper 3 Revision
Imaginative Composition
Compulsory Set Text Essay
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- write creative and coherent stories - apply correct grammar, punctuation, and paragraphing - develop engaging introductions and logical plots - demonstrate creativity in narrative, descriptive, or expository writing
Teacher guides learners on approaches to imaginative composition Learners practice writing different types of essays (narrative, descriptive, expository, reflective) Peer review and correction of sample scripts
Sample compositions, past papers
Set text, past papers
English Paper 3 Revision Guides
3 3
English Paper 3 Revision
English Paper 1 Revision
Secondary Set Text Essay
Functional Writing
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- respond critically to essay questions on another set text (novel, drama, short stories) - compare issues across texts where applicable - express opinions and support them with textual evidence - write logically organized essays under exam conditions
Teacher explains how to plan and write essays from other set texts Learners attempt sample essay questions Teacher-led marking and discussion of responses
Set text, past papers
Past papers, Sample formats, Functional writing guide
English Paper 3 Revision paper
Students book
3 4
English Paper 1 Revision
Cloze Test and Language Use
Oral Skills
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- select words that fit contextually in a passage - apply knowledge of grammar, vocabulary, and sentence structure - demonstrate cohesion and logical flow in filling blanks
Teacher demonstrates cloze test strategies Learners attempt practice cloze passages Class review of responses with emphasis on grammar and vocabulary rules
Past papers, English grammar books
Past papers, Audio/visual aids
English Revision Papers
3 5
English Paper 2 Revision
Comprehension Skills
Literary Appreciation – Set Texts
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- read and interpret unseen passages - identify main and supporting ideas - analyze tone, style, and imagery - write concise and coherent summaries
Teacher guides learners on comprehension strategies Learners attempt comprehension past paper questions Group work on summarizing and answering questions
Past papers, comprehension passages
Set texts, past papers
English Revision Papers
3 6
English Paper 2 Revision
Literary Appreciation – Oral Literature
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- classify types of oral narratives and genres - identify features of oral literature (stylistic devices, performance aspects, moral lessons) - analyze questions from oral narratives and short stories
Teacher explains oral narrative features Learners read oral texts and answer questions Peer discussion and oral presentation
Oral literature, past papers
English Revision Papers
Set book
3 7
English Paper 2 Revision
English Paper 3 Revision
Grammar and Language Use
Imaginative Composition
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- apply grammar rules correctly in sentence transformation - use punctuation, connectors, phrasal verbs, and prepositions accurately - differentiate meanings in similar sentence structures - demonstrate accuracy in language exercises
Teacher highlights common grammar challenges Learners attempt grammar exercises from past exams Peer correction and teacher-guided review
Grammar texts, past papers
Sample compositions, past papers
English Revision Papers
3 8
English Paper 3 Revision
Compulsory Set Text Essay
Secondary Set Text Essay
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- analyze the compulsory set text in relation to themes, characters, and style - respond to essay-type questions using well-organized arguments - support points with relevant textual evidence - demonstrate accuracy in essay structure (introduction, body, conclusion)
Teacher demonstrates how to approach set text essay questions Learners attempt past exam essays on the compulsory text Group discussion on themes, issues, and character traits
Set text, past papers
English Paper 3 Revision Guides
4 1
English Paper 1 Revision
Functional Writing
Cloze Test and Language Use
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- apply correct formats in functional writing tasks - use appropriate tone and style for different audiences - organize ideas logically and coherently - apply correct grammar, spelling, and punctuation in written work
Teacher reviews common functional writing formats Learners attempt sample tasks Peer correction and guided feedback
Past papers, Sample formats, Functional writing guide
Past papers, English grammar books
English Revision Papers
4 2
English Paper 1 Revision
English Paper 2 Revision
Oral Skills
Comprehension Skills
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- identify and use sound patterns in oral genres - demonstrate correct intonation, stress, and pronunciation - practice listening, turn-taking, and polite interruption in conversations - apply oral skills in formal and informal settings (debates, speeches, discussions)
Teacher models oral skills through examples Learners practice tongue twisters, role-plays, dialogues, and listening exercises Group activities such as debates and presentations
Past papers, Audio/visual aids
Past papers, comprehension passages
English Revision Papers
4 3
English Paper 2 Revision
Literary Appreciation – Set Texts
Literary Appreciation – Oral Literature
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- identify themes, characters, and stylistic devices in excerpts - analyze relevance of issues raised in set texts - discuss moral lessons from extracts - respond to different types of literary questions
Teacher explains approaches to drama and poetry questions Learners analyze excerpts from set texts Class discussion on themes and style
Set texts, past papers
Oral literature, past papers
English Revision Papers
Set book
4 4
English Paper 2 Revision
English Paper 3 Revision
Grammar and Language Use
Imaginative Composition
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- apply grammar rules correctly in sentence transformation - use punctuation, connectors, phrasal verbs, and prepositions accurately - differentiate meanings in similar sentence structures - demonstrate accuracy in language exercises
Teacher highlights common grammar challenges Learners attempt grammar exercises from past exams Peer correction and teacher-guided review
Grammar texts, past papers
Sample compositions, past papers
English Revision Papers
4 5
English Paper 3 Revision
Compulsory Set Text Essay
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- analyze the compulsory set text in relation to themes, characters, and style - respond to essay-type questions using well-organized arguments - support points with relevant textual evidence - demonstrate accuracy in essay structure (introduction, body, conclusion)
Teacher demonstrates how to approach set text essay questions Learners attempt past exam essays on the compulsory text Group discussion on themes, issues, and character traits
Set text, past papers
English Paper 3 Revision Guides
4 6
English Paper 3 Revision
English Paper 1 Revision
Secondary Set Text Essay
Functional Writing
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- respond critically to essay questions on another set text (novel, drama, short stories) - compare issues across texts where applicable - express opinions and support them with textual evidence - write logically organized essays under exam conditions
Teacher explains how to plan and write essays from other set texts Learners attempt sample essay questions Teacher-led marking and discussion of responses
Set text, past papers
Past papers, Sample formats, Functional writing guide
English Paper 3 Revision paper
Students book
4 7
English Paper 1 Revision
Cloze Test and Language Use
Oral Skills
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- select words that fit contextually in a passage - apply knowledge of grammar, vocabulary, and sentence structure - demonstrate cohesion and logical flow in filling blanks
Teacher demonstrates cloze test strategies Learners attempt practice cloze passages Class review of responses with emphasis on grammar and vocabulary rules
Past papers, English grammar books
Past papers, Audio/visual aids
English Revision Papers
4 8
English Paper 2 Revision
Comprehension Skills
Literary Appreciation – Set Texts
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- read and interpret unseen passages - identify main and supporting ideas - analyze tone, style, and imagery - write concise and coherent summaries
Teacher guides learners on comprehension strategies Learners attempt comprehension past paper questions Group work on summarizing and answering questions
Past papers, comprehension passages
Set texts, past papers
English Revision Papers
5 1
English Paper 2 Revision
Literary Appreciation – Oral Literature
Grammar and Language Use
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- classify types of oral narratives and genres - identify features of oral literature (stylistic devices, performance aspects, moral lessons) - analyze questions from oral narratives and short stories
Teacher explains oral narrative features Learners read oral texts and answer questions Peer discussion and oral presentation
Oral literature, past papers
Grammar texts, past papers
English Revision Papers
Set book
5 2
English Paper 3 Revision
Imaginative Composition
Compulsory Set Text Essay
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- write creative and coherent stories - apply correct grammar, punctuation, and paragraphing - develop engaging introductions and logical plots - demonstrate creativity in narrative, descriptive, or expository writing
Teacher guides learners on approaches to imaginative composition Learners practice writing different types of essays (narrative, descriptive, expository, reflective) Peer review and correction of sample scripts
Sample compositions, past papers
Set text, past papers
English Paper 3 Revision Guides
5 3
English Paper 3 Revision
English Paper 1 Revision
Secondary Set Text Essay
Functional Writing
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- respond critically to essay questions on another set text (novel, drama, short stories) - compare issues across texts where applicable - express opinions and support them with textual evidence - write logically organized essays under exam conditions
Teacher explains how to plan and write essays from other set texts Learners attempt sample essay questions Teacher-led marking and discussion of responses
Set text, past papers
Past papers, Sample formats, Functional writing guide
English Paper 3 Revision paper
Students book
5 4
English Paper 1 Revision
Cloze Test and Language Use
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- select words that fit contextually in a passage - apply knowledge of grammar, vocabulary, and sentence structure - demonstrate cohesion and logical flow in filling blanks
Teacher demonstrates cloze test strategies Learners attempt practice cloze passages Class review of responses with emphasis on grammar and vocabulary rules
Past papers, English grammar books
English Revision Papers
5 5
English Paper 1 Revision
English Paper 2 Revision
Oral Skills
Comprehension Skills
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- identify and use sound patterns in oral genres - demonstrate correct intonation, stress, and pronunciation - practice listening, turn-taking, and polite interruption in conversations - apply oral skills in formal and informal settings (debates, speeches, discussions)
Teacher models oral skills through examples Learners practice tongue twisters, role-plays, dialogues, and listening exercises Group activities such as debates and presentations
Past papers, Audio/visual aids
Past papers, comprehension passages
English Revision Papers
5 6
English Paper 2 Revision
Literary Appreciation – Set Texts
Literary Appreciation – Oral Literature
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- identify themes, characters, and stylistic devices in excerpts - analyze relevance of issues raised in set texts - discuss moral lessons from extracts - respond to different types of literary questions
Teacher explains approaches to drama and poetry questions Learners analyze excerpts from set texts Class discussion on themes and style
Set texts, past papers
Oral literature, past papers
English Revision Papers
Set book
5 7
English Paper 2 Revision
English Paper 3 Revision
Grammar and Language Use
Imaginative Composition
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- apply grammar rules correctly in sentence transformation - use punctuation, connectors, phrasal verbs, and prepositions accurately - differentiate meanings in similar sentence structures - demonstrate accuracy in language exercises
Teacher highlights common grammar challenges Learners attempt grammar exercises from past exams Peer correction and teacher-guided review
Grammar texts, past papers
Sample compositions, past papers
English Revision Papers
5 8
English Paper 3 Revision
Compulsory Set Text Essay
Secondary Set Text Essay
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- analyze the compulsory set text in relation to themes, characters, and style - respond to essay-type questions using well-organized arguments - support points with relevant textual evidence - demonstrate accuracy in essay structure (introduction, body, conclusion)
Teacher demonstrates how to approach set text essay questions Learners attempt past exam essays on the compulsory text Group discussion on themes, issues, and character traits
Set text, past papers
English Paper 3 Revision Guides
6 1
English Paper 1 Revision
Functional Writing
Cloze Test and Language Use
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- apply correct formats in functional writing tasks - use appropriate tone and style for different audiences - organize ideas logically and coherently - apply correct grammar, spelling, and punctuation in written work
Teacher reviews common functional writing formats Learners attempt sample tasks Peer correction and guided feedback
Past papers, Sample formats, Functional writing guide
Past papers, English grammar books
English Revision Papers
6 2
English Paper 1 Revision
English Paper 2 Revision
Oral Skills
Comprehension Skills
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- identify and use sound patterns in oral genres - demonstrate correct intonation, stress, and pronunciation - practice listening, turn-taking, and polite interruption in conversations - apply oral skills in formal and informal settings (debates, speeches, discussions)
Teacher models oral skills through examples Learners practice tongue twisters, role-plays, dialogues, and listening exercises Group activities such as debates and presentations
Past papers, Audio/visual aids
Past papers, comprehension passages
English Revision Papers
6 3
English Paper 2 Revision
Literary Appreciation – Set Texts
Literary Appreciation – Oral Literature
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- identify themes, characters, and stylistic devices in excerpts - analyze relevance of issues raised in set texts - discuss moral lessons from extracts - respond to different types of literary questions
Teacher explains approaches to drama and poetry questions Learners analyze excerpts from set texts Class discussion on themes and style
Set texts, past papers
Oral literature, past papers
English Revision Papers
Set book
6 4
English Paper 2 Revision
Grammar and Language Use
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- apply grammar rules correctly in sentence transformation - use punctuation, connectors, phrasal verbs, and prepositions accurately - differentiate meanings in similar sentence structures - demonstrate accuracy in language exercises
Teacher highlights common grammar challenges Learners attempt grammar exercises from past exams Peer correction and teacher-guided review
Grammar texts, past papers
English Revision Papers
6 5
English Paper 3 Revision
Imaginative Composition
Compulsory Set Text Essay
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- write creative and coherent stories - apply correct grammar, punctuation, and paragraphing - develop engaging introductions and logical plots - demonstrate creativity in narrative, descriptive, or expository writing
Teacher guides learners on approaches to imaginative composition Learners practice writing different types of essays (narrative, descriptive, expository, reflective) Peer review and correction of sample scripts
Sample compositions, past papers
Set text, past papers
English Paper 3 Revision Guides
6 6
English Paper 3 Revision
English Paper 1 Revision
Secondary Set Text Essay
Functional Writing
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- respond critically to essay questions on another set text (novel, drama, short stories) - compare issues across texts where applicable - express opinions and support them with textual evidence - write logically organized essays under exam conditions
Teacher explains how to plan and write essays from other set texts Learners attempt sample essay questions Teacher-led marking and discussion of responses
Set text, past papers
Past papers, Sample formats, Functional writing guide
English Paper 3 Revision paper
Students book
6 7
English Paper 1 Revision
Cloze Test and Language Use
Oral Skills
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- select words that fit contextually in a passage - apply knowledge of grammar, vocabulary, and sentence structure - demonstrate cohesion and logical flow in filling blanks
Teacher demonstrates cloze test strategies Learners attempt practice cloze passages Class review of responses with emphasis on grammar and vocabulary rules
Past papers, English grammar books
Past papers, Audio/visual aids
English Revision Papers
6 8
English Paper 2 Revision
Comprehension Skills
Literary Appreciation – Set Texts
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- read and interpret unseen passages - identify main and supporting ideas - analyze tone, style, and imagery - write concise and coherent summaries
Teacher guides learners on comprehension strategies Learners attempt comprehension past paper questions Group work on summarizing and answering questions
Past papers, comprehension passages
Set texts, past papers
English Revision Papers
7 1
English Paper 2 Revision
Literary Appreciation – Oral Literature
Grammar and Language Use
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- classify types of oral narratives and genres - identify features of oral literature (stylistic devices, performance aspects, moral lessons) - analyze questions from oral narratives and short stories
Teacher explains oral narrative features Learners read oral texts and answer questions Peer discussion and oral presentation
Oral literature, past papers
Grammar texts, past papers
English Revision Papers
Set book
7 2
English Paper 3 Revision
Imaginative Composition
Compulsory Set Text Essay
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- write creative and coherent stories - apply correct grammar, punctuation, and paragraphing - develop engaging introductions and logical plots - demonstrate creativity in narrative, descriptive, or expository writing
Teacher guides learners on approaches to imaginative composition Learners practice writing different types of essays (narrative, descriptive, expository, reflective) Peer review and correction of sample scripts
Sample compositions, past papers
Set text, past papers
English Paper 3 Revision Guides
7 3
English Paper 3 Revision
Secondary Set Text Essay
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- respond critically to essay questions on another set text (novel, drama, short stories) - compare issues across texts where applicable - express opinions and support them with textual evidence - write logically organized essays under exam conditions
Teacher explains how to plan and write essays from other set texts Learners attempt sample essay questions Teacher-led marking and discussion of responses
Set text, past papers
English Paper 3 Revision paper
Students book
7 4
English Paper 1 Revision
Functional Writing
Cloze Test and Language Use
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- apply correct formats in functional writing tasks - use appropriate tone and style for different audiences - organize ideas logically and coherently - apply correct grammar, spelling, and punctuation in written work
Teacher reviews common functional writing formats Learners attempt sample tasks Peer correction and guided feedback
Past papers, Sample formats, Functional writing guide
Past papers, English grammar books
English Revision Papers
7 5
English Paper 1 Revision
English Paper 2 Revision
Oral Skills
Comprehension Skills
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- identify and use sound patterns in oral genres - demonstrate correct intonation, stress, and pronunciation - practice listening, turn-taking, and polite interruption in conversations - apply oral skills in formal and informal settings (debates, speeches, discussions)
Teacher models oral skills through examples Learners practice tongue twisters, role-plays, dialogues, and listening exercises Group activities such as debates and presentations
Past papers, Audio/visual aids
Past papers, comprehension passages
English Revision Papers
7 6
English Paper 2 Revision
Literary Appreciation – Set Texts
Literary Appreciation – Oral Literature
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- identify themes, characters, and stylistic devices in excerpts - analyze relevance of issues raised in set texts - discuss moral lessons from extracts - respond to different types of literary questions
Teacher explains approaches to drama and poetry questions Learners analyze excerpts from set texts Class discussion on themes and style
Set texts, past papers
Oral literature, past papers
English Revision Papers
Set book
7 7
English Paper 2 Revision
English Paper 3 Revision
Grammar and Language Use
Imaginative Composition
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- apply grammar rules correctly in sentence transformation - use punctuation, connectors, phrasal verbs, and prepositions accurately - differentiate meanings in similar sentence structures - demonstrate accuracy in language exercises
Teacher highlights common grammar challenges Learners attempt grammar exercises from past exams Peer correction and teacher-guided review
Grammar texts, past papers
Sample compositions, past papers
English Revision Papers
7 8
English Paper 3 Revision
Compulsory Set Text Essay
Secondary Set Text Essay
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- analyze the compulsory set text in relation to themes, characters, and style - respond to essay-type questions using well-organized arguments - support points with relevant textual evidence - demonstrate accuracy in essay structure (introduction, body, conclusion)
Teacher demonstrates how to approach set text essay questions Learners attempt past exam essays on the compulsory text Group discussion on themes, issues, and character traits
Set text, past papers
English Paper 3 Revision Guides
8 1
UNIT 15: SEEING EYE TO EYE

Listening & Speaking
Reading
Effective Communication – Negotiation Skills
Reading – The Silent Scream: Ultrasound and the Abortion Debate
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Define negotiation and distinguish it from blackmail and coercion
- Describe the four steps of negotiation: preparation, opening, bargaining and closing
- Demonstrate effective negotiation through structured role-play scenarios (peace, land, salary, marriage)
- Apply give-and-take strategies and win-win principles to resolve conflicts in everyday situations
- Teacher explains definition, characteristics and four steps of negotiation with examples
- Learners read the Somali peace talks case study as a model of successful negotiation
- Group role-plays on assigned negotiation topics (peace, land disputes, salary, marriage) using provided hints
- Mediation exercise: a third group mediates a stalemate using objectivity and neutral language
- Chalkboard
- Negotiation scenario scripts
- Mediation guidelines
- Role-play evaluation rubrics
- Comprehension passage
- Dictionaries
- Question sheets
- Discussion guides
New Horizons in English 4, pg. 183–186
8 2
Comprehension
Comprehension – Oral Poetry: Omukiga Bridegroom's Emissary
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Identify features of oral poetry in the poem: repetition, praise, imagery, audience involvement, rhythmic phrasing
- Analyse the emissary's use of indirect language, praise and persuasion as negotiation strategies
- Trace the build-up from hints of friendship (lines 1–15) through imagery of union (lines 30–45) to the explicit marriage request (lines 100–108)
- Evaluate the cultural values of the community represented in the poem (respect for elders, gift-giving, communal bonds)
In groups, learners are guided to:
- Teacher introduces forms of oral poetry (epic, ballad, lyric, panegyric) from textbook
- Interpretive reading of "Omukiga Bridegroom's Emissary" aloud with emphasis and expression
- Group analysis: trace how the emissary builds up to the marriage request across three stages
- Class discussion on stylistic features, pace and cultural values; individual written responses
- Oral poetry text
- Oral poetry features chart
- Chalkboard
- Analysis worksheets
New Horizons in English 4, pg. 188–194
8 3
Grammar
Writing
Grammar – Clauses: Sentence Connectors (Conjunctive Adverbs)
Writing – The Curriculum Vitae & Idiomatic Expressions
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Define conjunctive adverbs and distinguish them from coordinating and subordinating conjunctions
- Identify the functions of conjunctive adverbs: time, example, addition, contrast, comparison, emphasis, result
- Apply correct punctuation (semicolons and commas) when using conjunctive adverbs to link independent clauses
- Construct grammatical compound sentences using conjunctive adverbs in varied positions
- Teacher explains conjunctive adverbs with examples; compares them with coordinating/subordinating conjunctions
- Exercise 1: learners fill gaps with suitable conjunctive adverbs from a provided list
- Exercise 2: construct sentences illustrating each function (time, contrast, result, emphasis, etc.)
- Exercise 3: link simple sentences using conjunctive adverbs with correct punctuation; peer correction
- Chalkboard
- Conjunctive adverb list/chart
- Exercise worksheets
- Punctuation guide
- Sample CV formats (chronological and functional)
- Writing materials
- Idiom reference charts
New Horizons in English 4, pg. 194–196
8 4
Intensive Reading
Listening & Speaking
Intensive Reading – The Samaritan by John Lara
Effective Communication – Using Tone to Reveal Attitude
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Read assigned sections of The Samaritan with attention to plot progression and turning points
- Analyse how conflict between characters drives the action of the play forward
- Identify the playwright's use of persuasion, negotiation and compromise as thematic elements
- Write structured notes comparing character responses to conflict for essay preparation
- Group reading of assigned section; learners identify key turning points and conflicts
- Paired discussion: how do characters negotiate or fail to negotiate in the play?
- Teacher-led thematic analysis linking the play's conflicts to real-life negotiation situations
- Individual note-making and practice paragraph response to a character-based essay question
- The Samaritan by John Lara
- Exercise books
- Sample essay questions
- Chalkboard
- Poem text ("Grass Will Grow")
- Chalkboard
- Audio equipment (if available)
- Tone-attitude analysis chart
The Samaritan by John Lara; Excelling in English Form 4
8 5
UNIT 16: STANDING THE HEAT

Reading
Comprehension
Reading – Contrary Thermometers: Global Warming Debate
Comprehension – Plastics: Properties and Summary Practice
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Analyse the scientific passage on contradictory global warming data from satellites and surface thermometers
- Explain vocabulary: simulations, substantially, contrary behaviour, scepticism, asphalt effect, micro-climate, incorporated, launched, precipitation, non-linear
- Identify factors causing unexpected atmospheric temperature trends (ozone depletion, volcanic eruptions, urban heat islands)
- Evaluate the limitations of computer climate models and their implications for environmental policy
- Pre-reading discussion on global warming knowledge and concerns
- Silent reading of "Contrary Thermometers" passage
- Vocabulary work: learners define ten bolded words/phrases using context and dictionaries
- Individual comprehension answers; group discussion on effects of findings on industrial development and agriculture
- Comprehension passage
- Dictionaries
- Scientific diagrams (if available)
- Question worksheets
- Summary writing guides
- Peer review checklists
New Horizons in English 4, pg. 208–211
8 6
Grammar
Writing
Grammar – Clauses: Substitution and Ellipsis
Writing – Speeches & Idiomatic Expressions
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Define substitution and identify nominal (one, ones, same), verbal (do, so) and clausal (so, not) substitution types
- Define ellipsis and identify where words or clauses can be omitted without changing meaning
- Apply substitution and ellipsis to avoid repetition and improve sentence conciseness
- Construct sentences using clausal substitutes (so/not) and write ellipted responses to questions correctly
- Teacher explains substitution types (nominal, verbal, clausal) with textbook examples
- Exercise 2: learners fill blanks with appropriate clausal substitutes (so/not) in ten sentences
- Exercise 3a: write ellipted responses to five questions by omitting whole or part of the clause
- Exercise 3b: rewrite ellipted responses in full without omission; identify ellipsis in comprehension passages
- Chalkboard
- Grammar charts (substitution types)
- Exercise worksheets
- Comprehension passages for ellipsis identification
- Model speech text
- Speech structure chart
- Writing materials
- Idiom reference charts
New Horizons in English 4, pg. 212–216
8 7
Intensive Reading
Listening & Speaking
Intensive Reading – The Samaritan by John Lara
Effective Communication – Oral Skills: Stress, Pronunciation and Sound Patterns
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Read assigned sections of The Samaritan focusing on the climax and resolution of key conflicts
- Analyse the playwright's use of tone, attitude and dramatic irony in pivotal scenes
- Evaluate how characters respond under pressure and what this reveals about their moral values
- Write a structured essay response linking character behaviour to thematic concerns in the play
In groups, learners are guided to:
- Group reading of assigned section with focus on climactic moments
- Class discussion: how do characters behave under pressure? What moral choices do they face?
- Teacher-led analysis of tone and dramatic irony in key scenes
- Individual timed essay practice: "How does the playwright use conflict to develop theme in The Samaritan?"
- The Samaritan by John Lara
- Exercise books
- Sample essay questions
- Chalkboard
- Chalkboard
- Word lists (silent letters)
- Sound pair charts
- Dialogue format template
The Samaritan by John Lara; Excelling in English Form 4
8 8
UNIT 18: MODEL KCSE PAPER 1

Reading
Comprehension
Reading – Functional Writing: Report Writing and Cloze Test Practice
Comprehension – A Special Child: Biography of Cardinal Otunga
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Identify the essential components of a formal report: title, introduction, findings, recommendations, signature
- Write a 300–400 word investigative report on refugee problems for UNHCR with clear recommendations
- Apply knowledge of word stress in homographs to complete a cloze passage accurately
- Distinguish between noun and verb stress patterns in homographs (e.g., project/proJECT, record/reCORD)
- Teacher explains report structure: title, terms of reference, findings, recommendations, signature block
- Individual writing: UNHCR report on refugee problems (300–400 words) with recommendations
- Cloze test practice: learners complete passage using appropriately stressed homographs from a word list
- Exercise: use homographs in sentences demonstrating both noun and verb stress patterns
- Report format template
- Cloze passage
- Homograph word list
- Writing materials
- Comprehension passage
- Dictionaries
- Character analysis sheets
- Question worksheets
New Horizons in English 4, pg. 230–233
9 1
Grammar
Grammar – Pronouns, Verb Tenses, Adjectives and Question Tags
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Fill blanks with appropriate pronouns (personal, possessive, reflexive, demonstrative) in a cloze narrative
- Identify six simple present tense verb forms and grammatical features (adverbs, articles, conjunctions, compound sentences) in a paragraph
- Write grammatical sentences using comparative and superlative adjective forms correctly
- Form compound sentences using coordinating conjunctions and complete sentences with appropriate question tags
In groups, learners are guided to:
- Exercise: complete the camel-ride cloze passage with suitable pronouns
- Paragraph analysis: identify verb forms, adverbs, articles, conjunctions from the Milkah cleaning passage
- Adjective exercise: write eight sentences using comparative and superlative forms as instructed
- Sentence construction: form compound sentences with conjunctions; add correct question tags to five statements
- Chalkboard
- Grammar exercise sheets
- Cloze passages
- Adjective comparison charts
New Horizons in English 4, pg. 240–242
9 2
Writing
Intensive Reading
Writing – Composition Practice: Imaginative, Set Text and Optional Text Essays
Intensive Reading – The Samaritan by John Lara
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Write an imaginative composition of not more than 150 words with an urban setting ending with a given statement
- Write a 350-word essay on a set text theme (e.g., importance of the girl child in The River and the Source)
- Plan and organise essay arguments with an introduction, well-supported body paragraphs and a conclusion
- Apply idiomatic expressions and figurative language to enhance essay quality and persuasiveness
- Teacher reviews composition conventions: capitalisation, punctuation, paragraphing, ordering
- Guided planning: learners outline imaginative composition (urban setting, ending: "...living from hand to mouth")
- Individual writing of imaginative composition within 150-word limit
- Individual essay writing on a set text topic; peer review for argument structure, evidence use and language quality
- Chalkboard
- Composition planning templates
- Set text (The River and the Source)
- Peer review checklists
- The Samaritan by John Lara
- Exercise books
- Sample essay questions
- Chalkboard
New Horizons in English 4, pg. 242–243
9 3
UNIT 19: MODEL KCSE PAPER 2

Listening & Speaking
Reading
Effective Communication – Oral Skills: Homophones, Rhyme and Diction
Reading – The Hola Massacre: Historical Comprehension
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Identify homophones (words that sound alike but differ in spelling and meaning) and use them correctly in sentences
- Select rhyming word pairs from a given set and supply rhyming words to complete poem sections
- Provide suitable dialogue responses demonstrating appropriate tone (teacher-student scenario)
- Correct pronunciation and spelling errors in sentences to produce meaningful and grammatical statements
In groups, learners are guided to:
- Exercise: write homophones for given words (mail, sight, seen, ale, cue)
- Pair work: select four rhyming pairs from a word set; complete poem stanzas with rhyming words
- Dialogue activity: supply responses for a teacher-student conversation; describe tone and character
- Error correction: rewrite sentences correcting pronunciation-based spelling mistakes
- Chalkboard
- Homophone word lists
- Poem extract ("One Fishball")
- Dialogue format sheets
- Comprehension passage
- Dictionaries
- Historical context notes
- Question worksheets
New Horizons in English 4, pg. 247–251
9 4
Comprehension
Grammar
Comprehension – Set Text Excerpt (The River and the Source) and Poetry Analysis
Grammar – Sentence Types, Verb Classification, Noun Formation and Direct Speech
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Analyse the set text excerpt for character traits of Akoko and Otieno with textual illustrations
- Identify and explain stylistic features: simile, metaphor, imagery, rhetorical questions in the poem
- Interpret the poem's exploration of political corruption through metaphorical language ("sweet poison," "communal jar")
- Evaluate the mood and thematic concerns in both the prose excerpt and the poem
- Learners read the set text excerpt (Akoko's departure); identify character traits with evidence
- Class discussion on marriage, cultural values and women's rights in the excerpt
- Reading and analysis of the corruption poem: identify "he," "the fools," "the wise," "the game"
- Individual written responses to poetry questions covering metaphor, style and theme
- Set text excerpt
- Poetry text
- Dictionaries
- Analysis worksheets
- Chalkboard
- Grammar exercise sheets
- Passage extract (Brenda)
- Dictionaries
New Horizons in English 4, pg. 256–261
9 5
Writing
Intensive Reading
Writing – Composition Practice: Imaginative, Set Text and Optional Text Essays
Intensive Reading – The Samaritan by John Lara
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Write an imaginative composition beginning or ending with a given sentence, choosing an appropriate setting and tone
- Write an essay on a set text discussing a character as a representative of change in society
- Construct well-argued essays on optional texts with introduction, evidence-based body paragraphs and conclusion
- Apply idiomatic expressions effectively in essay writing to enhance expression and persuasion
In groups, learners are guided to:
- Teacher reviews essay planning strategies: brainstorming, outlining, selecting evidence
- Individual choice: write imaginative composition ("Life on the streets is not a bed of roses" OR ending "...I wish I had known")
- Set text essay: "Akoko is the representative of change in society" with evidence from The River and the Source
- Peer review focusing on argument coherence, textual evidence and idiomatic language use
- Chalkboard
- Composition planning templates
- Set texts
- Peer review checklists
- The Samaritan by John Lara
- Exercise books
- Comprehensive revision notes
- Sample essay questions
New Horizons in English 4, pg. 264–265
9 6
UNIT 20: MODEL KCSE PAPER 3

Listening & Speaking
Reading
Effective Communication – Oral Skills: Sound Identification, Stress and Minimal Pairs
Reading – The Cruel World of Trade in Bush Meat: Wildlife Conservation
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Identify the odd sound in groups of words sharing a common bolded sound (e.g., red, head, web vs sheep)
- Mark correct stress placement in two-syllable and multi-syllable words (e.g., TURNing, reMOTE, STATEly)
- Write words that rhyme with given words and compose pairs of sentences illustrating minimal pair differences
- Choose correct words from confusable pairs to complete sentences accurately (e.g., shores/chores, sin/sing, losses/looses)
- Exercise: identify the different sound in four groups of words with bolded sounds
- Stress marking: learners mark stress on six words and practise pronunciation in pairs
- Rhyme exercise: write one rhyming word for each of six given words
- Minimal pairs: write sentence pairs for lose/loose, cat/cut, use (v)/use (n), lamp/lump; complete sentences choosing correct confusable words
- Chalkboard
- Word lists
- Stress pattern charts
- Minimal pair exercise sheets
- Comprehension passage
- Dictionaries
- Conservation awareness charts
- Question worksheets
New Horizons in English 4, pg. 268–271
9 7
Comprehension
Grammar
Comprehension – Set Text Excerpt (Becky's Will) and Oral Poetry (Poem for a Camel)
Grammar – Sentence Rewriting, Phrasal Verbs, Prepositions and Verb Forms
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Analyse the set text excerpt for Becky's attitude towards her life, her children and the price of her choices
- Identify character traits of Becky and Vera with textual illustrations from the excerpt
- Identify features of oral poetry in "Poem for a Camel": refrain, vernacular expressions, rhetorical questions, imagery
- Explain the theme of the oral poem and evaluate the social value of oral poetry in African communities
In groups, learners are guided to:
- Reading of set text excerpt (Becky's will); discussion on Becky's bitterness and Vera's compassion
- Individual identification of character traits with specific textual evidence
- Interpretive reading of "Poem for a Camel" aloud; identification of oral poetry features
- Group analysis: theme, rhythm, vernacular use and proverb connection; individual written responses
- Set text excerpt
- Oral poem text
- Dictionaries
- Oral poetry features chart
- Chalkboard
- Grammar exercise sheets
- Phrasal verb reference list
- Dictionaries
New Horizons in English 4, pg. 277–283
9 8
Writing
Writing – Composition Practice: Imaginative, Set Text and Optional Text Essays
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Write an imaginative composition of 300–400 words illustrating a proverb or discussing a social issue with clear argument structure
- Write a set text essay discussing whether women characters are more impressive than men, referring to two male and two female characters
- Construct an optional text essay on thematic concerns with evidence from the play (e.g., Betrayal in the City)
- Use idiomatic expressions, proverbs and figurative language to strengthen essay arguments and enrich style
In groups, learners are guided to:
- Teacher reviews proverb-based and argumentative composition techniques
- Individual choice: illustrate "Better the devil you know..." OR discuss alcohol/cigarette billboard advertising near schools
- Set text essay with structured planning: introduction, four character analyses (two male, two female), conclusion
- Peer review focusing on balanced argument, textual evidence and effective use of idiomatic/figurative language
- Chalkboard
- Composition planning templates
- Set texts and optional texts
- Peer review checklists
New Horizons in English 4, pg. 285–286

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