Foundations of Pre-Technical Studies

Safety on Raised Platforms - Types of raised platforms

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Identify types of raised platforms used in performing tasks
- Describe the characteristics of different raised platforms
- Appreciate the importance of raised platforms in daily tasks

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Walk around the school to explore types of raised platforms
- Brainstorm on types used in day-to-day life and make freehand sketches
- Study pictures and discuss characteristics of raised platforms
- Match raised platforms to their appropriate uses

What types of raised platforms are commonly used in our locality?

Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 1
- Chart on raised platforms
- Actual raised platforms
- Digital devices
- Drawing materials

- Observation - Oral questions - Sketches

Foundations of Pre-Technical Studies

Safety on Raised Platforms - Risks associated with working on raised platforms
Safety on Raised Platforms - Ways of minimizing risks
Safety on Raised Platforms - Safety precautions for different scenarios

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Identify risks associated with working on raised platforms
- Describe common risks including electrocution, falls and injuries
- Show concern for safety when working at heights

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Discuss risks involved in working on raised platforms during rain, under power lines, using old equipment
- Search for information on hazards from print or digital media
- Discuss risks: electrocution, falls from weak/slippery/unstable platforms, accidents from overloading
- Compile list of identified risks

What risks are associated with working on raised platforms?

Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 3
- Print media (textbooks, safety manuals)
- Digital devices with internet
- Safety charts
- Exercise books and pens
Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 4
- Marker pens and Manila paper
- Safety guidelines charts
- Digital devices
- Reference materials
Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 5
- Ladder, workbench, stand, trestle
- Personal protective equipment (PPEs)
- Safety manuals
- Manila paper and marker pens

- Oral tests - Observation - Written tests

Foundations of Pre-Technical Studies

Safety on Raised Platforms - Regular inspections and appropriate equipment
Safety on Raised Platforms - Safe work practices and procedures
Safety on Raised Platforms - Observing safety at the workplace
Safety on Raised Platforms - Importance of observing safety measures

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain the importance of regular inspections of raised platforms
- Identify appropriate equipment and PPE for working at heights
- Show responsibility in maintaining safety equipment

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Discuss importance of regular inspections for damage and wear
- Examine appropriate protective equipment (helmets, gloves, aprons, footwear)
- Study correct choice of platform for specific tasks and weight limits
- Practice checking platforms for stability

Why is it important to regularly inspect raised platforms before use?

Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 6
- Various raised platforms
- Personal protective equipment
- Inspection checklists
- Safety data sheets
Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 7
- PPEs
- Safety guidelines
- Digital resources
Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 8
- Relevant PPEs
- Exercise books and pens
- Visit to local workplaces
- Digital devices for recording
Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 9
- Safety charts
- Case studies on accidents
- Digital resources
- Reference materials

- Checklist - Practical work - Observation

Foundations of Pre-Technical Studies

Handling Hazardous Substances - Hazardous substances in the environment
Handling Hazardous Substances - Classifying hazardous substances

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Identify hazardous substances found in the environment
- Explain what makes substances hazardous
- Show awareness of hazards in various environments

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Study pictures of hazardous substances in containers
- Discuss substances that are corrosive, flammable, and poisonous
- Use digital devices or print media to search for examples of hazardous substances
- Explore environment to identify hazardous substances in different workplaces

Which hazardous substances can be found in different workplaces?

Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 10
- Pictures of hazardous substances
- Digital devices with internet
- Textbooks or journals
- Safety data sheets
Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 12
- List of hazardous substances
- Manila paper
- Felt pen, ruler, pencil
- Exercise books

- Oral tests - Observation - Written tests

Foundations of Pre-Technical Studies

Handling Hazardous Substances - Properties of poisonous, flammable and corrosive substances

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain properties of poisonous, flammable and corrosive substances
- Describe how each type affects health and environment
- Appreciate the dangers of hazardous materials

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Study chemical, biological substances and aerosols as poisonous substances
- Examine flammable liquids and gases, and concept of flash point
- Discuss corrosive substances and their effects on materials and tissue
- Give examples of each type from course book

What makes a substance poisonous, flammable or corrosive?

Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 13
- Clean, empty containers of hazardous substances
- Safety labels
- Digital devices
- Charts showing hazard symbols

- Oral tests - Written tests - Observation

Foundations of Pre-Technical Studies

Handling Hazardous Substances - Safe handling practices
Handling Hazardous Substances - Personal protective equipment

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Describe safe ways of handling hazardous substances
- Explain safety protocols for protection
- Value personal and environmental safety

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Discuss how to protect self, others and environment when handling hazardous substances
- Examine proper storage methods and importance of labeling containers
- Study ventilation requirements and not eating/drinking when handling substances
- Discuss reading safety instructions and reporting concerns

How can hazardous substances be handled safely?

Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 14
- Exercise books and pens
- Safety data sheets
- Digital devices
- Reference materials
Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 15
- Various PPEs (overalls, gloves, gas masks, gumboots)
- Safety manuals
- Charts showing PPE usage
- Clean containers

- Practical work - Observation - Checklist

Foundations of Pre-Technical Studies

Handling Hazardous Substances - Reading and interpreting safety instructions

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Read and interpret safety instructions on packaging labels
- Explain information contained in safety data sheets
- Show diligence in following safety instructions

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Wear appropriate PPEs and observe samples in containers or study pictures
- Read safety labels and study safety data sheets
- Interpret prevention, response, storage and disposal instructions
- Practice correct interpretation of safety information including hazardous ingredients and concentration limits

Why is it important to read safety instructions on hazardous substance containers?

Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 16
- Clean, empty containers of hazardous substances
- Safety data sheets
- Manuals of electrical equipment
- PPEs

- Observation - Oral questions - Written tests

Foundations of Pre-Technical Studies

Handling Hazardous Substances - Practical safe handling demonstrations
Handling Hazardous Substances - Safe disposal methods

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Demonstrate safe handling of hazardous substances
- Practice proper storage and disposal procedures
- Show responsibility in hazardous substance management

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Wear protective equipment and demonstrate safe handling using clean empty containers
- Practice reading and interpreting safety instructions
- Demonstrate closing containers tightly and proper storage methods
- Show proper disposal of empty containers and practice handwashing
- Use checklist to record safe practices

How do we practice safe handling of hazardous substances?

Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 17
- Safety data sheets
- Personal protective equipment
- Clean, empty containers
- Soap and water
- Checklist
- Clean containers
- Disposal guidelines
- PPEs
- Reference materials

- Practical work - Observation - Rubrics - Checklist

Foundations of Pre-Technical Studies

Handling Hazardous Substances - Importance of safe handling
Self-Exploration and Career Development - Ways of nurturing talents and abilities

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain the importance of safe handling of hazardous substances
- Describe consequences of improper handling
- Appreciate the need for observing safety when handling hazardous substances

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Visit different places (workshop, kitchen, laboratory, farm) with teacher guidance
- Identify hazardous substances and observe safety measures practiced
- Find out harm substances can cause to people and environment
- Discuss proper disposal methods and make notes

Why is it important to practice safe handling of hazardous substances?

Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 18
- Exercise books and pens
- Appropriate PPEs
- Access to local workplaces
- Digital devices for recording
Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 20
- Chart on career pathways
- Success stories
- Digital resources

- Observation - Oral questions - Written reports

Foundations of Pre-Technical Studies

Self-Exploration and Career Development - Opportunities for talent development

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Describe opportunities for developing talents and abilities
- Explain the role of resources and support systems
- Appreciate support available for talent nurturing

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Discuss providing variety of experiences (co-curricular activities, workshops)
- Examine use of role models and mentors
- Study exploration opportunities (festivals, museums, galleries, concerts) and providing resources
- Discuss fostering positive environment and promoting balance

What opportunities help in nurturing talents and abilities?

Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 21
- Information on talent development programs
- Digital devices
- Charts showing pathways
- Success stories

- Oral questions - Written assignments - Peer assessment

Foundations of Pre-Technical Studies

Self-Exploration and Career Development - Relating talents to career pathways
Self-Exploration and Career Development - Ethical practices in pursuing careers

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Relate talents and abilities to career pathways
- Identify career pathways that match personal talents
- Appreciate the connection between talents and future careers

- Study chart showing different career pathways
- Identify career pathway for learners with specific talents (Arts and Sports Science, STEM, Social Sciences)
- List down personal talents and abilities
- Match talents to appropriate career pathways using course book materials

Which career pathway relates to your talents and abilities?

Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 23
- Chart on career pathways
- Exercise books and pens
- Table showing relationship between talents and careers
- Digital resources
Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 25
- Case studies of successful individuals
- Digital resources
- Charts showing ethical practices

- Oral questions - Written assignments - Self assessment

Foundations of Pre-Technical Studies

Self-Exploration and Career Development - Unethical practices to avoid
Self-Exploration and Career Development - Choosing a career based on talents and abilities

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Identify unethical practices that can ruin careers
- Explain consequences of unethical behavior
- Value ethical behavior in career development

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Mention unethical practices to avoid
- Discuss how doping, indecent dressing, false information, bribing ruin careers
- Study course book materials showing unethical practices for different talents
- Examine specific examples for athletes, musicians, journalists, photographers

What unethical practices should be avoided when pursuing a career?

Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 25
- Exercise books and pens
- Digital resources
- Case studies
- Reference materials
Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 26
- Career guidance materials
- Table for talents and careers
- Digital resources

- Written tests - Observation - Case study analysis

Foundations of Pre-Technical Studies
Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Self-Exploration and Career Development - Review and assessment
Oblique Projection - Characteristics of oblique drawing

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Review key concepts on self-exploration and career development
- Apply knowledge of talents, ethics and career pathways
- Demonstrate understanding of career planning

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Review ways of nurturing talents and relating talents to career pathways
- Discuss ethical and unethical practices in careers
- Complete assessment exercises
- Reflect on learning and career choices

How does self-exploration help in career development?

Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 27
- Assessment materials
- Charts and summaries
- Digital resources
- Exercise books
Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 30
- Writing materials
- Technical drawing magazines/journals
- Digital devices with internet
- Box or cube samples

- Written tests - Oral questions - Self-reflection

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Oblique Projection - Axes, dimensions and types
Oblique Projection - Sketching in oblique projection
Oblique Projection - Using oblique grid paper and instruments

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Describe the three axes used in oblique projection
- Distinguish between cavalier and cabinet projection
- Show interest in learning technical drawing principles

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Study how oblique drawing emphasizes front face along horizontal plane at 45°
- Examine three axes (OZ at 90°, OX and OY at 135°) of unequal dimensions
- Compare cavalier projection (depth at full scale) with cabinet (depth at half scale)
- Study examples showing differences between types

How are axes arranged and what are the types of oblique projection?

Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 32
- Drawing papers
- Pencils and erasers
- Set squares and rulers
- Charts showing axes and types
Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 34
- Chart with oblique objects drawn by freehand
- Drawing paper
- Well-sharpened pencils
- Erasers
Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 35
- Oblique grid paper
- Geometrical set
- Drawing materials
- Charts showing instruments

- Observation - Oral questions - Written tests

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Oblique Projection - Drawing a square brick in cabinet projection (Part 1)
Oblique Projection - Drawing a square brick in cabinet projection (Part 2)
Oblique Projection - Drawing a horizontal cylinder

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Draw horizontal and vertical lines accurately
- Use ruler and set square correctly
- Show precision in technical drawing

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Draw horizontal line (AB) and mark centre (O)
- Use 45° set square to draw perpendicular line (OC) 5cm high
- Draw another vertical line (DE) parallel to OC, 5cm apart
- Draw line EC (5cm) to complete square

How do we begin drawing a square brick in cabinet projection?

Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 37
- Drawing paper
- Ruler, pencil and eraser
- 45° set square
- Examples of completed drawings
Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 38
- Examples of completed brick
Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 39
- Compass
- 45° set square

- Practical work - Observation - Rubrics

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Oblique Projection - Drawing a triangular prism (Part 1)
Oblique Projection - Drawing a triangular prism (Part 2)
Oblique Projection - Practice drawing various objects

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Use protractor to measure angles
- Draw triangular face of prism
- Show precision in using drawing instruments

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Draw line AB 5cm long and mark midpoint O
- Place protractor at O and make mark at 90°
- Draw line OE 4cm in height
- Draw diagonal lines AE and BE to converge at E forming triangle

How do we draw the front face of a triangular prism?

Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 40
- Drawing paper
- Ruler, pencil and eraser
- Protractor
- Set square
Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 41
- Protractor and set square
- Completed examples
Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 42
- Complete geometrical set
- Pencils and erasers
- Practice worksheets

- Practical work - Observation - Rubrics

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Oblique Projection - Application in technical communication

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain applications of oblique projection in technical fields
- Relate oblique projection to various careers
- Appreciate the importance of oblique drawing in technical communication

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Discuss careers where oblique projection is applied (engineering, architecture, design)
- Use digital devices or print media to search for importance
- Study how it shows dimension, proportion, details and helps sketch ideas
- Examine use in explaining complex concepts and project proposals

How is oblique projection used in technical fields?

Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 44
- Digital devices with internet
- Print media with technical drawings
- Career brochures
- Examples from engineering

- Oral questions - Written assignments - Observation

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Oblique Projection - Review and assessment
Oblique Projection - Advanced practice and portfolio

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Review key concepts of oblique projection
- Apply oblique projection techniques in assessment
- Demonstrate understanding of oblique drawing

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Review characteristics and types of oblique projection
- Practice drawing matchbox in cavalier and cabinet projection
- Identify projection type from given images
- Complete assessment exercises and reflect on learning

Why is oblique projection important in technical communication?

Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 45
- Drawing paper
- Complete geometrical set
- Assessment sheets
- Examples of various objects
Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 46
- Portfolio folder
- Assessment rubric

- Practical work - Written tests - Rubrics - Self-reflection

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies
Materials for Production

Oblique Projection - Final assessment and reflection
Materials for Production - Types of wood

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Complete final assessment on oblique projection
- Evaluate own learning and progress
- Appreciate the value of oblique projection skills

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Complete comprehensive assessment covering all aspects of oblique projection
- Self-evaluate progress in learning oblique drawing
- Reflect on challenges and achievements
- Discuss real-world applications of skills learned

What have we learned about oblique projection?

Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 46
- Assessment materials
- Self-evaluation forms
- Digital resources
- Reference materials
Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 76
- Digital devices
- Samples of hardwood and softwood
- Charts showing various types of wood

- Written tests - Practical work - Self-assessment - Reflection

Materials for Production

Materials for Production - Classification of wood
Materials for Production - Density and grain patterns
Materials for Production - Wood preparation - Conversion

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Classify wood according to physical characteristics
- Use a checklist to sort wood as either softwood or hardwood
- Appreciate the differences between hardwood and softwood

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Use a checklist to sort wood as either softwood or hardwood
- Study photographs showing various types of wood
- Complete a table comparing physical characteristics of wood
- Share classification findings with peers

How can we classify wood based on its physical characteristics?

Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 76
- Various pieces of wood
- Checklists
- Photos of hardwood and softwood
- Exercise books
Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 77
- Wood samples with visible grain
- Magnifying glasses
- Reference books
- Digital devices
- Digital devices and internet
- Video clips on sawmills
- Pictures of timber conversion
- Charts showing conversion methods

- Practical work - Observation - Written tests

Materials for Production

Materials for Production - Wood preparation - Seasoning
Materials for Production - Uses of hardwood
Materials for Production - Uses of softwood
Materials for Production - Importance of wood in day-to-day life

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Define seasoning of wood
- Describe methods of seasoning wood (air drying and kiln drying)
- Explain why seasoning is important

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Discuss safe ways of preparing wood for use
- Compare air drying and kiln drying methods
- Examine the effects of moisture in wood
- Study diagrams showing both seasoning processes

Why must wood be seasoned before use?

Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 78
- Digital resources
- Charts on wood seasoning
- Samples of seasoned wood
- Diagrams of kiln and air drying
- Hardwood samples
- Furniture items
- Charts and pictures
- Reference materials
Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 79
- Softwood samples
- Construction materials
- Internet access
- Reference books
- Digital devices
- Charts showing wood uses
- Case studies

- Written tests - Oral questions - Observation

Materials for Production

Materials for Production - Types of waste materials
Materials for Production - Electronic and construction waste

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Identify waste materials found in the environment
- Categorize waste materials by type (plastic, glass, metal, paper)
- Show awareness of waste in the environment

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Walk around the school compound to identify waste materials
- Study photographs showing various types of waste
- Discuss types of waste found in home and school
- Create classification system for different waste types

What types of waste materials are found in our environment?

Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 82
- Charts showing waste types
- Gloves and masks
- Waste bins
- Observation sheets
Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 83
- Pictures of electronic waste
- Construction waste samples
- Digital resources
- E-waste labels

- Observation - Oral questions - Checklist

Materials for Production

Materials for Production - Safe handling methods - Composting

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain the composting process
- Identify organic waste suitable for composting
- Demonstrate composting techniques

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Use print or digital media to search for information on composting
- Discuss how to convert organic waste into manure
- Practice piling organic waste for composting
- Observe decomposition process over time

What is composting and why is it important?

Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 84
- Organic waste materials
- Compost pit
- Digital devices
- Gloves and masks

- Practical work - Observation - Oral questions

Materials for Production

Materials for Production - Safe handling methods - The 3Rs
Materials for Production - Incineration and landfills

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain the 3Rs of waste management (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle)
- Apply the 3Rs in handling waste materials
- Develop responsible waste management habits

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Discuss safe ways of handling waste materials
- Practice reducing, reusing, and recycling waste
- Search for information on the 3Rs using digital resources
- Create action plan for implementing 3Rs

How can we apply the 3Rs to manage waste effectively?

Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 84
- Recyclable materials
- Charts on 3Rs
- Internet access
- Reference books
Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 85
- Pictures of incinerators
- Digital resources
- Charts on waste disposal
- PPEs

- Written tests - Observation - Practical work

Materials for Production

Materials for Production - Bio-digestion
Materials for Production - Recycling waste materials

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain the bio-digestion process
- Identify organic materials suitable for bio-digestion
- Appreciate bio-digestion as a sustainable waste solution

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Discuss anaerobic digestion process
- Learn about biogas production
- Visit or observe a biodigester in operation
- Calculate potential energy generation from bio-digestion

How does bio-digestion convert waste into useful products?

Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 85
- Pictures of biodigesters
- Digital devices
- Reference materials
- Case studies
Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 86
- Recyclable materials
- Tools for making items
- Gloves and aprons
- Waste bins

- Observation - Oral questions - Written tests

Materials for Production
Tools and Production

Materials for Production - Importance of proper waste management
Tools and Production - Identifying holding tools

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain the importance of proper waste management
- Dispose waste materials using appropriate methods
- Demonstrate commitment to environmental conservation

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Practice safe disposal of waste materials (reduce, reuse, recycle, compost and burn)
- Visit the locality to observe handling of waste materials
- Discuss the importance of observing safety when handling waste
- Create awareness campaign on waste management

Why is proper waste management important in our community?

Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 88
- Well-labelled dustbins
- PPEs
- Mop and bucket
- Digital resources
Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 92
- Variety of holding tools (vices, clamps, pliers, tongs, clips)
- Charts showing holding tools
- Digital devices

- Observation - Practical work - Rubrics

Tools and Production

Tools and Production - Types of vices and clamps
Tools and Production - Types of pliers, clips and tongs
Tools and Production - Uses of holding tools

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Identify types of vices and clamps
- Describe the structure of vices and clamps
- Appreciate the variety of holding tools

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Observe and identify bench vices, hand vices, machine vices
- Study different types of clamps (G-clamp, F-clamp, U-clamp, sash clamp)
- Discuss physical characteristics of each type
- Compare and contrast vice and clamp uses

How do different types of vices and clamps differ in structure?

Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 92
- Different types of vices
- Various clamps
- Digital resources
- Reference materials
Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 93
- Various pliers
- Different clips
- Types of tongs
- Charts
Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 94
- Chart showing uses of holding tools
- Available holding tools
- Relevant textbooks
- Digital devices

- Observation - Practical work - Checklist

Tools and Production

Tools and Production - Safe use of holding tools
Tools and Production - Using holding tools to perform tasks
Tools and Production - Using pliers, clips and tongs

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain safety precautions when using holding tools
- Demonstrate safe use of holding tools
- Develop safe working habits

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Use print or digital media to search for information on safe use
- Watch videos on how to safely hold tools
- Role-play safe use of different holding tools
- Discuss common mistakes and how to avoid them

What safety measures should be observed when using holding tools?

Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 96
- Digital devices with internet
- Relevant textbooks
- Safety goggles
- Gloves
Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 98
- Bench vice
- G-clamp
- Pieces of wood
- Handsaw
- Wood glue
- Workbench
Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 99
- Needle nose pliers
- Wire
- Paper clips
- Drawing board
- Crucible tongs
- Bunsen burner

- Observation - Practical work - Checklist

Tools and Production

Tools and Production - Care and importance of holding tools
Tools and Production - Identifying driving tools

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Clean and store holding tools properly
- Explain the importance of holding tools
- Appreciate the need for proper tool maintenance

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Use a soft brush to wipe off dirt from tools
- Oil the moving parts of tools
- Clean and safely store holding tools
- Discuss the importance of holding tools in day-to-day life

Why is it important to care for holding tools properly?

Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 100
- Holding tools
- Clean piece of cloth
- Soft brush
- Oil can
- Tool box or rack
- Dust cover
Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 106
- Variety of driving tools (hammer, mallet, screwdriver, punch, spanner)
- Charts showing driving tools
- Digital resources

- Observation - Practical work - Written tests

Tools and Production

Tools and Production - Types of hammers and mallets
Tools and Production - Types of spanners, screwdrivers and punches

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Identify types of hammers and mallets
- Describe the structure of hammers and mallets
- Appreciate the variety of driving tools

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Study ball pein hammer, cross pein hammer, straight peen hammer, claw hammer
- Observe wooden head mallet, plastic head mallet, rubber head mallet
- Compare parts, shapes and sizes of driving tools
- Discuss specific uses of each type

How do different types of hammers and mallets differ?

Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 107
- Different types of hammers
- Various mallets
- Charts
- Digital resources
Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 108
- Various spanners
- Different screwdrivers
- Types of punches
- Charts

- Observation - Oral questions - Written tests

Tools and Production

Tools and Production - Uses of driving tools
Tools and Production - Safe use of driving tools

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Describe the uses of different driving tools
- Select appropriate driving tools for given tasks
- Appreciate the importance of using correct tools

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Discuss uses of driving tools for different tasks
- Select driving tools to perform given tasks
- Study pictures showing driving tools being used
- Create task-to-tool matching exercise

How are different driving tools used in various tasks?

Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 109
- Chart showing uses of driving tools
- Real driving tools
- Relevant textbooks
- Exercise book and pen
Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 111
- Digital devices with internet
- Safety goggles
- Gloves
- First aid box

- Oral questions - Written tests - Observation

Tools and Production

Tools and Production - Using hammers and mallets

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Use a hammer to join pieces of wood
- Use a mallet to drive dowels into wood
- Apply correct techniques in using driving tools

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Join two pieces of wood using a hammer and nails
- Join two pieces of wood using a wooden mallet and dowel
- Demonstrate safe use of driving tools when performing tasks
- Practice correct striking technique

How do we use hammers and mallets to perform tasks safely?

Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 112
- Claw hammer
- Wooden mallet
- Pieces of wood
- Nails
- Dowels
- Workbench
- Clamp

- Practical work - Observation - Rubrics

Tools and Production

Tools and Production - Using screwdrivers, spanners and punches
Tools and Production - Care and importance of driving tools

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Use a screwdriver to fasten screws
- Use a spanner to tighten bolts and nuts
- Use a punch to make holes in leather

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Fasten pieces of wood using a screwdriver and screws
- Tighten a bolt and nut using a spanner and pliers
- Make holes in a leather belt using a revolving leather hole punch
- Practice technique and precision

How are screwdrivers, spanners and punches used in practical tasks?

Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 113
- Screwdriver
- Wood screws
- Spanner
- Pliers
- Bolt and nut
- Leather hole punch
- Leather belt
Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 115
- Driving tools
- Clean piece of cloth
- Soft brush
- Tool box
- Storage shelf
- Digital devices

- Practical work - Observation - Oral questions

Tools and Production

Tools and Production - Identifying problems in the locality
Tools and Production - Brainstorming on solutions

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explore the locality to identify problems
- List problems affecting the community
- Show awareness of community needs

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Visit the school locality to identify problems
- Conduct observations and interviews
- Consult people in the community about challenges they face
- Record information gathered

What problems in our locality can be solved using Pre-Technical Studies skills?

Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 121
- Notebook
- Pen
- Digital devices for recording
- Observation sheets
- List of problems from previous lesson
- Exercise book
- Whiteboard/flip chart

- Observation - Checklist - Oral questions

Tools and Production

Tools and Production - Selecting an item to make

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Discuss possible items to solve the identified problem
- Select an appropriate item to make
- Demonstrate creative thinking

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Discuss the problem in detail
- Brainstorm on items that can be made (e.g., waste bins, compost pit, incinerator)
- Select one item using available materials
- Use digital devices to identify suitable items

What item can we make to solve the identified problem?

Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 122
- Digital devices with internet
- Relevant textbooks
- Exercise book
- Pen

- Observation - Oral questions - Written tests

Tools and Production

Tools and Production - Sketching and planning
Tools and Production - Obtaining materials

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Sketch the item to be made
- List materials required
- Estimate the cost of materials

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Sketch the item (e.g., innovative waste bin)
- Discuss the sketch with group members
- Identify materials required
- Estimate the cost of materials

How do we plan for making the project item?

Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 122
- Drawing materials
- Exercise book
- Pen
- Calculator
Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 123
- Locally available materials
- Waste materials
- Digital devices for photos
- Transport materials

- Portfolio - Observation - Practical work

Tools and Production

Tools and Production - Implementation phase 1

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Develop a project implementation plan
- Discuss safety precautions
- Begin making the item

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Come up with a plan for the project with timelines
- Discuss safety precautions to observe
- Share roles among group members
- Begin making the item

How do we safely implement our project plan?

Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 123
- Materials and tools
- Personal protective equipment
- Workbench
- Project plan

- Observation - Practical work - Rubrics

Tools and Production

Tools and Production - Implementation phase 2
Tools and Production - Implementation phase 3

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Continue making the project item
- Apply skills learned in previous lessons
- Work collaboratively in groups

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Continue with making the item following the plan
- Wear appropriate safety gear
- Use appropriate tools correctly
- Monitor progress against timeline

How is our project progressing?

Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 123
- Materials and tools
- Personal protective equipment
- Workbench
- Progress checklist
Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 124
- Paint and labels
- Cleaning materials
- Personal protective equipment

- Practical work - Observation - Progress checklist

Tools and Production

Tools and Production - Costing and pricing
Tools and Production - Presentation and feedback

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Calculate total cost of producing the item
- Determine selling price with markup
- Understand basic pricing concepts

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Get the sum total of all expenses incurred
- Calculate break-even price
- Add markup percentage to determine selling price
- Understand profit calculation

How do we determine the price for our project item?

Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 124
- Cost records
- Calculator
- Exercise book
- Pen
- Finished project item
- Presentation materials
- Feedback forms

- Written tests - Oral questions - Observation

Tools and Production

Tools and Production - Community education

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Educate the community on using the item
- Demonstrate how to use the item properly
- Promote community awareness

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Educate the community on how to use the item
- Demonstrate proper use of the waste disposal bin
- Discuss benefits to the community
- Answer questions from community members

How do we help the community use our project item effectively?

Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 125
- Finished project item
- Demonstration materials
- Information leaflets

- Observation - Practical work - Oral questions

Tools and Production

Tools and Production - Marketing and production
Tools and Production - Solving other community problems

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Assess demand for the item
- Plan for production of more items
- Understand basic marketing concepts

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Assess demand from the community
- Make more items if there is demand
- Learn about marketing the product
- Sell to the community with teacher guidance

Can we produce more items to meet community demand?

Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 125
- Production materials
- Marketing materials
- Record keeping book
- List of community problems
- Exercise book
- Pen
- Digital resources

- Practical work - Written tests - Observation

Tools and Production

Tools and Production - Recording problem-solving experiences

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Document problems solved
- Record skills applied
- Share experiences with others

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Record problems solved in a table
- Document Pre-Technical skills applied
- Share experiences with classmates
- Reflect on learning

How can we document our problem-solving journey?

Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 125
- Exercise book
- Pen
- Project portfolio
- Digital devices

- Portfolio - Written assignments - Self-assessment

Tools and Production

Tools and Production - Portfolio compilation phase 1
Tools and Production - Portfolio compilation phase 2

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Organize project documentation
- Compile evidence of work done
- Create a project portfolio

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Collect all project sketches and plans
- Organize photographs of project stages
- Compile cost estimates and records
- Arrange documents in chronological order

How do we organize our project documentation?

Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 122
- All project documents
- Photographs
- File folder
- Labels
Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 125
- Exercise book
- Pen
- Project documentation
- Feedback forms

- Portfolio - Observation - Checklist

Tools and Production

Tools and Production - Reflection on learning phase 1
Tools and Production - Reflection on learning phase 2
Tools and Production - Final presentation preparation

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Reflect on skills acquired during the project
- Identify strengths and areas for improvement
- Appreciate collaborative work

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Review all project work
- Discuss skills learned
- Identify what went well and what could be improved
- Share reflections with group members

What did we learn from this project experience?

Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 126
- Project portfolio
- Exercise book
- Pen
- Reflection guide
Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 124
- Presentation materials
- Project item
- Portfolio
- Digital devices

- Self-assessment - Oral questions - Written reflection