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SCHEME OF WORK
Biology
Form 4 2025
TERM I
School


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WK LSN TOPIC SUB-TOPIC OBJECTIVES T/L ACTIVITIES T/L AIDS REFERENCE REMARKS
2 1
GENETICS
The concept of variation.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:


Define Genetics.
Define variation.
Exposition of new concepts.
Probing questions on some variations in human beings.
Observe some variations in human beings such as tongue rolling, finger prints, students? heights, etc.
Discussion on the concept of variation.


Ink pad, hand lenses, white paper.

KLB BK IV.
PP 1-2.
2 2
GENETICS
Discontinuous variation.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define discontinuous variation.
Observe some discontinuous variations in human beings such as tongue rolling, sex, blood groups, etc.
Discussion on the concept of discontinuous variation.
text book
KLB BK IV.
P 3.
2 3-4
GENETICS
Discontinuous variation.
Continuous variation.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define discontinuous variation.
Define continuous variation.
Give examples of characteristics that show continuous variation.
Observe some discontinuous variations in human beings such as tongue rolling, sex, blood groups, etc.
Discussion on the concept of discontinuous variation.


Class activity ; students measure and record their heights;
Plotting of frequency-height graph;
Analyzing the graph;
Discussion with probing questions.
text book
Metre rules/ tape measure,
Graph papers
KLB BK IV.
P 3.

KLB BK IV.
PP 3-4
2 5
GENETICS
Continuous variation.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define continuous variation.
Give examples of characteristics that show continuous variation.
Class activity ; students measure and record their heights;
Plotting of frequency-height graph;
Analyzing the graph;
Discussion with probing questions.
Metre rules/ tape measure,
Graph papers

KLB BK IV.
PP 3-4
3 1
GENETICS
Causes of variation.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Discuss causes of variation.
Exposition of new concepts.
Discussion with probing questions.
text book
KLB BK IV.
P 4
3 2
GENETICS
Causes of variation.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Discuss causes of variation.
Exposition of new concepts.
Discussion with probing questions.
text book
KLB BK IV.
P 4
3 3-4
GENETICS
Causes of variation.
The chromosome.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Discuss causes of variation.
Describe the structure of chromosomes.
Exposition of new concepts.
Discussion with probing questions.


Exposition of new concepts.
Probing questions.
Discussion.
text book
KLB BK IV.
P 4
KLB BK IV. PP 4-5.
3 5
GENETICS
The chromosome.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe the structure of chromosomes.
Exposition of new concepts.
Probing questions.
Discussion.
text book
KLB BK IV. PP 4-5.
4 1
GENETICS
Chromosomal behaviour during mitosis.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe chromosomal behaviour during mitosis.
Exposition;
Teacher demonstrations;
Drawing diagrams;
Detailed discussion.
Scissors,
Manilla papers, thread, cellotape.
KLB BK IV. PP 5-6
4 2
GENETICS
Chromosomal behaviour during mitosis.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe chromosomal behaviour during mitosis.
Exposition;
Teacher demonstrations;
Drawing diagrams;
Detailed discussion.
Scissors,
Manilla papers, thread, cellotape.
KLB BK IV. PP 5-6
4 3-4
GENETICS
Chromosomal behaviour during meiosis.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe chromosomal behaviour during meiosis.
Exposition;
Teacher demonstrations;
Drawing diagrams;
Detailed discussion.
Scissors,
Manilla papers, threads, cellotape.
KLB BK IV. PP 6-7
4 5
GENETICS
Genes and DNA.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe the structure of genes and DNA.
Identify the role of DNA.
Expository approach.
Chart- the double helix DNA.
KLB BK IV. PP 7-8
5 1
GENETICS
DNA replication.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe DNA replication.
Explain the role of DNA in protein synthesis.
Exposition;
Drawing mRNA strands.
text book
KLB BK IV. PP 9-10
5 2
GENETICS
DNA replication.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe DNA replication.
Explain the role of DNA in protein synthesis.
Exposition;
Drawing mRNA strands.
text book
KLB BK IV. PP 9-10
5 3-4
GENETICS
First law of heredity.
Monohybrid inheritance.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe Mendel?s experiments.
State Mendel?s first law.
Define monohybrid inheritance.
Differentiate between genotype and phenotype.
Draw diagrams to show genetic crosses.
Exposition with explanations.
Q/A to review Mendel?s first law.
Drawing diagrams to show genetic crosses.
Discussion with probing questions.

text book
KLB BK IV. PP 11-12
KLB BK IV. PP 12-14
5 5
GENETICS
Monohybrid inheritance.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define monohybrid inheritance.
Differentiate between genotype and phenotype.
Draw diagrams to show genetic crosses.
Q/A to review Mendel?s first law.
Drawing diagrams to show genetic crosses.
Discussion with probing questions.
text book
KLB BK IV. PP 12-14
6 1
GENETICS
Genetic crosses using a punnet square.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Show fusion of gametes using a punnet square.
Completing a punnet square;
Brief discussion.
text book
KLB BK IV. PP 14-15
6 2
GENETICS
Genetic crosses using a punnet square.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Show fusion of gametes using a punnet square.
Completing a punnet square;
Brief discussion.
text book
KLB BK IV. PP 14-15
6 3-4
GENETICS
Genetic crosses using a punnet square.
Ratios of phenotypes and genotypes.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Show fusion of gametes using a punnet square.
Explain the concept of probability in inheritance of characteristics.
Completing a punnet square;
Brief discussion.
Q/A to review phenotypes and genotypes.
Simple experiments on probability.
Discussion.
text book
Beans of two different colours, beakers.
KLB BK IV. PP 14-15
KLB BK IV. PP 15-17
7

CAT ONE
8

Midterm break

9 1
GENETICS
Incomplete dominance.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Cite examples of incomplete dominance.
Illustrate incomplete dominance with diagrams.
Exposition;
Discussion;
Drawing diagrams.
chart
KLB BK IV. PP 19-20.
9 2
GENETICS
Incomplete dominance.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Cite examples of incomplete dominance.
Illustrate incomplete dominance with diagrams.
Exposition;
Discussion;
Drawing diagrams.
chart
KLB BK IV. PP 19-20.
9 3-4
GENETICS
Incomplete dominance.
Inheritance of ABO blood groups.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Cite examples of incomplete dominance.
Illustrate incomplete dominance with diagrams.
Illustrate inheritance of blood groups with diagrams.
Exposition;
Discussion;
Drawing diagrams.
Exposition;
Discussion;
Drawing diagrams;
Supervised practice on inheritance of blood groups.
chart
KLB BK IV. PP 19-20.
KLB BK IV. PP 20-21
9 5
GENETICS
Inheritance of Rhesus factor.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe inheritance of Rhesus factor.
Exposition;
Discussion.
chart
KLB BK IV. PP 21-22
10 1
GENETICS
Determining unknown genotypes.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Determine unknown genotypes using test crosses and selfing crosses.
Exposition;
Probing questions;
Drawing illustrative diagrams;
Discussion.
text book
KLB BK IV. PP 22-23
10 2
GENETICS
Determining unknown genotypes.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Determine unknown genotypes using test crosses and selfing crosses.
Exposition;
Probing questions;
Drawing illustrative diagrams;
Discussion.
text book
KLB BK IV. PP 22-23
10 3-4
GENETICS
Sex determination in man.
Sex-linked genes and traits.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe sex determination in man.
Identify sex-linked traits in man.
Illustrate inheritance of sex-linked traits with diagrams.
Exposition;
Drawing illustrative diagrams;
Discussion.

Probing questions;
Drawing illustrative diagrams;
Discussion.

text book
KLB BK IV. PP 23-24
KLB BK IV. PP 24-27
10 5
GENETICS
Sex-linked genes and traits.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify sex-linked traits in man.
Illustrate inheritance of sex-linked traits with diagrams.
Probing questions;
Drawing illustrative diagrams;
Discussion.
text book
KLB BK IV. PP 24-27
11 1
GENETICS
Non-disjunction.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain effects of non-disjunction as a chromosomal abnormality.
Exposition of new concepts;
Discussion.
text book
KLB BK IV. PP 30-33
11 2
GENETICS
Non-disjunction.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain effects of non-disjunction as a chromosomal abnormality.
Exposition of new concepts;
Discussion.
text book
KLB BK IV. PP 30-33
11 3-4
GENETICS
Non-disjunction.
Gene mutation.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain effects of non-disjunction as a chromosomal abnormality.
Differentiate between chromosomal and gene mutation.
Identify types of gene mutation.
Exposition of new concepts;
Discussion.

Q/A to review types of chromosomal mutation;
Using sequence models to show chromosomal mutations.
Discussion.
text book
Models to show Chromosomal mutations.
KLB BK IV. PP 30-33
KLB BK IV. PP 33-35
11 5
GENETICS
Gene mutation.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Differentiate between chromosomal and gene mutation.
Identify types of gene mutation.
Q/A to review types of chromosomal mutation;
Using sequence models to show chromosomal mutations.
Discussion.
Models to show Chromosomal mutations.
KLB BK IV. PP 33-35
12 1
GENETICS
Disorders due to gene mutations.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Illustrate genetic disorders with diagrams.
Discussion on albinism, sickle-cell anaemia, haemophilia, colour blindness.
Drawing illustrative diagrams.
chart
KLB BK IV. PP 35-38
12 2
GENETICS
Disorders due to gene mutations.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Illustrate genetic disorders with diagrams.
Discussion on albinism, sickle-cell anaemia, haemophilia, colour blindness.
Drawing illustrative diagrams.
chart
KLB BK IV. PP 35-38
12 3-4
GENETICS
Disorders due to gene mutations.
Applications of genetics.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Illustrate genetic disorders with diagrams.

Identify areas of practical application of genetics.
Discussion on albinism, sickle-cell anaemia, haemophilia, colour blindness.
Drawing illustrative diagrams.

Probing questions;
Open discussion;
Topic review.
chart
text book,video
KLB BK IV. PP 35-38
KLB BK IV. PP 39-45
12 5
GENETICS
Applications of genetics.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify areas of practical application of genetics.
Probing questions;
Open discussion;
Topic review.
text book,video
KLB BK IV. PP 39-45

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