REPRODUCTION IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Introduction

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To differentiate between sexual and asexual reproduction.
To state importance of reproduction.

Q/A: Defination of reproduction.
Teacher illustrates and explains sexual and asexual reproduction.

text book

KLB BK III. P 78. CERTIFICATE PG 99

REPRODUCTION IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Cell division.
Mitosis.
Mitosis in a young root tip.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To define genes and chromosomes.
To describe the role of chromosomes in cell division.

To describe the process of mitosis.
To describe an experiment to show mitosis in a young root tip.

Detailed discussion.
Teacher leads in a detailed discussion.
Drawing diagrams showing stages of mitosis.
Group experiments: Observing different stages of mitosis. Drawing cells showing stages of mitosis.
Comparing drawn cells with those previously drawn.

chart
charts
Onion root tip.
Microscope
IM HCl
Cover slides.

KLB BK III.
P 79. CERTIFICATE PG100
KLB BK III.
P 80. CERTIFICATE PG 100

REPRODUCTION IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Significance of mitosis.
Meiosis.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To explain significance of mitosis.
To distinguish meiosis from mitosis.
To explain the principle underlying meiosis.

Detailed discussion.
Explanations

text book

KLB BK III.
P 81. CERTIFICATE PG102

REPRODUCTION IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

First and second meiotic divisions.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe the processes of first and second meiotic divisions.

Explanations and drawing diagrams.

Chart- stages of second meiotic division.

KLB BK III.
P 82. CERTIFICATE PG 104

REPRODUCTION IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Meiosis in plant cells.
Significance of meiosis.
Asexual reproduction. Binary fission.
Spore formation.
Budding.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To identify various stages of meiosis.
To explain significance of meiosis.
To identify types of asexual reproduction.
To describe the stages of binary fission in amoeba.
To describe the process of spore formation in bread// ugali mould.
To explain conditions necessary for budding in yeast.

Group experiments- meiosis in young flower bulbs.
Drawing cells showing stages of meiosis.
Comparing drawn cells with those previously drawn.
Detailed discussion.
Probing questions leading to differences between mitosis and meiosis.
Exposition and discussion.
Drawing diagrams/ discussion.
Mould on bread /ugali.
Identify and draw hyphae and sporangia.
Exposition and discussion.

Flower buds
IM HCl
Source of heat
Glass slide
Filter paper
Microscope
Chart- Binary fission in amoeba
Microscope bread/ ugali mould
Hand lens.

KLB BK III.
P 82. CERTIFICATE PG 105
KLB BK III.
P 88.CERTIFICATE PG 114

REPRODUCTION IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Budding in yeast.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To explain conditions necessary for budding in yeast.

Identifying, drawing and labeling yeast cells.

Previously prepared 10% sugar solution
Methylene blue
Microscope

KLB BK III.
P 89.CERTIFICATE PG 113

REPRODUCTION IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Sexual reproduction in plants. Structure of a flower.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To draw and label a flower.

Group experiments- Examine flowers and identify parts.
Counting number of sepals, petals, stamen, carpels.

Bean flower
Morning glory
Bauhinia Longitudinal section of a general flower.

KLB BK III.
P 90.CERTIFICATE PG 117

REPRODUCTION IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Flower terminologies.
Pollination. Insect-pollinated flowers.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To explain terms related to flowers.
To define pollination.
To identify agents of pollination.
To describe the structure of insect-pollinated flowers.

Exposition of new concepts.
Teacher demonstration- examining features of flowers.
Q/A: Definition of pollination.
Agents of pollination.
Class experiment- Structure of insect pollinated flowers.
Students identify various parts.

Flowers.
Insect-pollinated flowers.

KLB BK III.
P 91.CERTIFICATE PG 117
KLB BK III.
P 93.CERTIFICATE PG 119

REPRODUCTION IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Wind-pollinated flowers.
Adaptive features of wind-pollinated flowers.
Features hindering self-pollination.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe the structure of wind-pollinated flowers.
To state and explain adaptive features of wind-pollinated flowers.
To discuss features and mechanisms that hinder self-pollination in plants.

Class experiment-examine inflorescence of star grass/ maize/ sugarcane.
Identify glumes, spikes and spikelets.
Compare them in text books/ charts.
Q/A: adaptive features of wind-pollinated flowers.
Exposition and detailed discussion.

Wind-pollinated flowers.
wind & inect pollinated flower

KLB BK III.
PP 93-94.CERTIFICATE PG 119

REPRODUCTION IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Fertilisation process in flowering plants.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To define fertilisation.

To describe the fertilisation process in flowering plants.

Drawing diagrams,
detailed discussion.

chart

KLB BK III.
P 95.CERTIFICATE PG 121

REPRODUCTION IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Seed formation.
Fruit development.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

To explain formation of seeds.


To describe development of fruits in flowering plants.

Detailed discussion.

Detailed discussion.

text book

KLB BK III.
P 97.CERTIFICATE PG 123
KLB BK III.
P 98.CERTIFICATE PG 124

REPRODUCTION IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Classification of fruits.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To classify fruits using specific criteria.

Teacher presents several types of fruits and leads students in classifying them.
Detailed discussion, drawing of diagrams.

A variety of fruits, petri dishes
Blades
Containers.

KLB BK III.
P 99. CERTIFICATE PG 125

REPRODUCTION IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Placentation.
Fruit and seed dispersal.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To define placentation.
To describe the process of placentation.
To identify types of placentation.
To explain adaptive features of fruits and seeds to their agents of dispersal.

Teacher exposes the meaning of placentation.
Students examine ovaries of various fruits as the teacher exposes the types of placentation exhibited.
Students draw diagrams showing types of placentation.
Students examine fruits and seeds, observe external features, and group them accordingly to methods of dispersal.
Detailed discussion of observations made.

Fruits
Beans
Sunflower
Pawpaw
Orange
Primrose, e.t.c
text book

KLB BK III.
P 100.CERTIFICATE PG 130

REPRODUCTION IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Internal structure of fruits.
Sexual reproduction in animals. External fertilisation.
Internal fertilisation.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To label the parts of internal structure of a fruit.

To identify the functions of internal parts of a fruit.

To describe external fertilisation in amphibians.
To describe internal fertilisation and compare it with external fertilisation.

Teacher demonstration- Vertical sections of fruits.

Students draw and label the fruit internal structure.



Detailed discussion.
Tabulate differences between external and internal fertilisation.

charts
Strands of eggs of frogs.

KLB BK III. P. 104 
KLB BK III.
P 105 CERTIFICATE PG 147

REPRODUCTION IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Reproduction in mammals. Reproduction in human beings.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To explain the reproduction process in mammals.


To draw and label the structure of male reproduction system.

Detailed discussion.



Drawing and labeling male reproduction system.

Wall charts-Reproduction system.

KLB BK III. P. 105 CERTIFICATE PG 149

REPRODUCTION IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Functions of parts of male reproduction system.
Male reproduction system of a male animal.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To explain the male reproduction system.
To identify parts of male reproduction system of a rabbit/ rat.

Detailed discussion.
To examine reproduction system of a male rabbit /rat.
Identify the parts of the reproduction system.

text book
Reproduction system of a rabbit/ rat.

KLB BK III. PP. 106-108 CERTIFICATE PG 150

REPRODUCTION IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Female reproduction system.
Functions of parts of female reproduction system.
Female reproduction system of a female animal.
Formation of ova.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To draw and label parts of the female reproduction system.
To explain the functions of parts of female reproduction system.
To identify parts of female reproduction system of a female animal.
To draw and label the human spermatozoon.
To describe the process of formation of ova.

Drawing and labeling.
Detailed discussion.
Examine parts of a female reproduction system.
Identify the parts.
Drawing and labelling.
Q/A: Adaptations of male gamete to its function.

chart
chart
Dissected female rat/ mouse/rabbit.
text book

KLB BK III. PP.
108-110. CERTIFICATE PG 164
KLB BK III. PP.
108-110 CERTIFICATE PG  150

REPRODUCTION IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Fertilisation process.
Implantation.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To explain the fertilisation process.
To define implantation.
To define ectopic pregnancy.

Discussion
Drawing diagrams.
Drawing illustrative diagrams.
Discussion.

chart
text book

KLB BK III. PP. 113-114 CERTIFICATE PG 152

REPRODUCTION IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

The placenta.
Role of the placenta. Placental exchanges.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe the formation of the placenta and the structure of the placenta.
To state and explain the role of the placenta.
To identify substances allowed / not allowed to pass through the placenta

Exposition and discussion.
Exposition and discussion. Drawing diagrams showing placental exchanges.
Detailed discussion.

Chart- The placenta.
text book

KLB BK III. P. 115 CERTIFICATE PG 159

REPRODUCTION IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Pregnancy and hormones.
Abortion, miscarriage, birth.
Lactation and parental care.
Secondary sexual characteristics.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To identify functions of human oestrogen and progestrone during pregnancy.
To describe processes of abortion, miscarriage and birth.
To explain the role of oxytocin in milk let down.
To draw and label mammary glands.
To state secondary sexual characteristics in males and females.

Tabulate functional differences.
Q/A: To elicit students responses on related issues.
Discussion
Drawing and labelling mammary glands.
Detailed discussion.

text book
Wall- charts mammary glands.
text book

CERTIFICATE PG 160
KLB BK III. P. 120 

REPRODUCTION IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

The menstrual cycle.
28-day menstrual cycle.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To explain the role of hormones in the menstrual cycle.
To represent hormonal levels on a 28-day chart.

Detailed discussion.
Open discussion.
Interpreting illustrative charts.

Chart- Phases of human menstrual cycle.
chart

KLB BK III. P. 121 CERTIFICATE PG 151

REPRODUCTION IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Menopause, infertility and emerging issues.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe hormonal changes at menopause.
To discuss emerging issues related to infertility and menopause.

Open discussion.

text book

KLB BK III. P. 123 

REPRODUCTION IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS
GROWTH & DEVELOPMENT.

Sexually Transmitted Infections & HIV/AIDS.
The concepts of growth and development.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To identify the symptoms of STIs.
To explain the mode of transmission of STIs / AIDS and discuss methods of control.
To differentiate between HIV and AIDS.
To distinguish growth from development.

Detailed discussion.
Q/A: Distinction and relationship between HIV and AIDS.
Q/A: Aspects that occur during growth.
Detailed discussion of growth and development.

Chart- STIs causal agents, symptoms, prevention and control measures.
text book

PP.
123-125 CERTIFICATE PG 169

GROWTH & DEVELOPMENT.

Measurement of growth.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To identify aspects that indicate growth of an organism.
Sketch a growth curve.

Discuss growth aspects-height, weight and volume.

text book

KLB BK III. P. 134 CERTIFICATE PG 178

GROWTH & DEVELOPMENT.

Growth phases.
Intermittent growth curve.
Structure of the seed.
Longitudinal sections of monocots and dicots.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe lag and decelerating phases of growth.
Explain growth curve showing intermittent growth.
To draw and label a typical seed.
To state the functions of the parts of a seed.
To identify structural differences between monocots and dicots.

Students will have collected data, e.g. height of shoots of different ages.
Teacher assists students to draw growth curves.
Discussion- phases of growth.
Q/A: life cycles of insects.
Exposition and detailed discussion.
Students examine external structure of bean seeds and maize seeds.
Teacher assists them to identify the parts of the seeds.
Drawing and labeling the seeds.
Obtain longitudinal section of the seeds.
Identify structural differences of the specimens.
Carry out iodine tests.
Explain the observations.

Shoots of known ages.
chart
Specimens of maize and bean seeds.
Hand lens
Maize and bean seeds.
Iodine
Scalpels.

KLB BK III. P. 135 CERTIFICATE PG 179
KLB BK III. P. 136 CERTIFICATE PG 182

GROWTH & DEVELOPMENT.

Dormancy in seeds.
Seed germination.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To define seed dormancy.
To explain factors that cause dormancy and ways of breaking dormancy.
To describe the process of seed germination.
To investigate conditions necessary for germination.
To explain conditions necessary for germination.

Detailed discussion.
Observe previously prepared specimens.
Discuss the observations.

video
Seeds
Cotton wool
Flat bottomed flasks
Corks
T-tubes
Thermometers
pyrogallic acid
NaOH solution.

KLB BK III. P. 137 CERTIFICATE PG 188

GROWTH & DEVELOPMENT.

Epigeal germination.
Hypogeal germination.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To differentiate between epigeal and hypogeal germination.
To describe epigeal germination.
To describe hypogeal germination.

Observe previously prepared specimens of germinating bean seed/ castor seed.
Drawing comparative diagrams.
Drawing diagrams.

Specimens of germinating bean/castor seed at different phases of germination.
Specimens of germinating maize seed at different phases of germination.

KLB BK III. P. 141 CERTIFICATE PG 184

GROWTH & DEVELOPMENT.

Primary growth of a seedling.
Region of growth in a root.
Apical meristems.
Secondary growth.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe primary growth of a seedling.
To determine the region of growth in a root.
To draw and label longitudinal and transverse sections of apical meristems.
To describe secondary growth of plants.

Brief discussion.
Group experiments- Observe previously prepared specimens to determine regions of growth.
Discuss observations made.
Draw relevant diagrams.
Drawing and labelling transverse sections of apical meristems.
Detailed discussion.

Germinating bean seeds
Cork pin
Beaker
Indian ink
Blotting paper
Ruler.
Charts- Apical meristems.
text book

KLB BK III. P 143 CERTIFICATE PG 186
KLB BK III. P. 144 CERTIFICATE PG 186

GROWTH & DEVELOPMENT.

Growth hormones.
Apical dominance.
Growth and development in insects.
Role of hormones in insect growth.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To explain role of hormones in growth of plants.
To explain the role of auxins in apical dominance.
To differentiate between complete and incomplete metamorphosis.
To identify hormones that promotes insect growth.

Discuss the role of IAA, gibberellins, cytokinins, and abscisic acid e.t.c, in plant growth.
Probing questions leading to definition and explanation of apical dominance.
Q/A: Features of complete and incomplete metamorphosis of insects.
Exposition and explanations.

text book
Shoot with lateral growth.
chart

KLB BK III. P. 147 CERTIFICATE PG 190