FOUNDATIONS OF PRE -TECHNICAL STUDIES

Fire and Data Safety
possible causes of fire in work environment

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
explain the possible causes of fire in a work environment,
Observe pictures of the possible causes of fire in a work environment
acknowledge the need for fire and data safety in day-to-day life.

The learner is guided to:
brainstorm on the possible causes of fire in a work environment (flammable
substances, electrical faults, combustible materials),

Why is fire safety important? How is data secured in an electronic device?

Photographs, realia, digital devices, practical workplace, models
KLB Top Scholar Pre-tech. Grd 8 T.G pg. 9-17
KLB Top Scholar Pre-tech. Grd 8 P.B pg. 15-24

Written questions Oral questions, observation, portfolio

FOUNDATIONS OF PRE -TECHNICAL STUDIES

Ways of preventing fire
Ways of preventing fire

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
describe ways of preventing fire in the environment,
use firefighting techniques to stop fire in an environment,
acknowledge the need for fire and data safety in day-to-day life.

The learner is guided to:
share experiences on ways of
preventing fire in the environment,
discuss firefighting techniques in the work environment, (cooling,
smothering, starving, interrupting)

Why is fire safety important? How is data secured in an electronic device?

Photographs, realia, digital devices, practical workplace, models
KLB Top Scholar Pre-tech. Grd 8 T.G pg. 9-17
KLB Top Scholar Pre-tech. Grd 8 P.B pg. 15-24

Written questions Oral questions, observation, portfolio

FOUNDATIONS OF PRE -TECHNICAL STUDIES

Ways of preventing fire
Threats to data in an electronic device

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
describe ways of preventing fire in the environment,
use firefighting techniques to stop fire in an environment,
acknowledge the need for fire and data safety in day-to-day life.
analyze threats to data in an electronic device,
secure data in an electronic device,

The learner is guided to:
role play firefighting techniques in work environment,
demonstrate firefighting techniques to stop fire in an environment,
search for information using available resources on the threats of data in an electronic device and share their findings,
discuss ways of securing data
stored in an electronic device
(Use of passwords, backup,
anti-viruses),

Why is fire safety important? How is data secured in an electronic device?

Photographs, realia, digital devices, practical workplace, models
KLB Top Scholar Pre-tech. Grd 8 T.G pg. 9-17
KLB Top Scholar Pre-tech. Grd 8 P.B pg. 15-24
Digital devices, compute software, computer hardware, manila papers, Internet, video, audio clips
Longhorn Comp. Scie Grd 7T.G Pg. 141-144
Longhorn Comp. Scie Grd 7P.B Pg. 106

Written questions Oral questions, observation, portfolio

FOUNDATIONS OF PRE -TECHNICAL STUDIES

Threats to data in an electronic device
Meaning of computer hardware

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
analyze threats to data in an electronic device,
secure data in an electronic device,
acknowledge the need for fire and data safety in day-to-day life.
explain the meaning of a computer hardware,
Draw various hardware parts of a computer,
value the importance of computer hardware devices in a user environment.

The learner is guided to:
secure data in an electronic device against possible threats (use passwords; and scan electronic devices using antivirus).
The learner is guided to: Explain the meaning of computer hardware.    Draw various hardware parts of a computer.    State the importance of computer hardware devices in a user environment.

Why is fire safety important? How is data secured in an electronic device?

Digital devices, compute software, computer hardware, manila papers, Internet, video, audio clips
Longhorn Comp. Scie Grd 7T.G Pg. 141-144
Longhorn Comp. Scie Grd 7P.B Pg. 106
Digital devices, reference materials, productivity tools, computer hardware, manila papers,
Longhorn Comp. Scie Grd 7T.G Pg. 67-70
Longhorn Comp. Scie Grd 7P.B Pg. 51-52

Rating scales, rubrics, questionnaires, projects, journals, portfolios, oral questions, aural questions

FOUNDATIONS OF PRE -TECHNICAL STUDIES

Classification of computer hardware
Classification of computer hardware

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
identify the categories of a computer hardware
classify computer hardware devices in a user environment,
value the importance of computer hardware devices in a user environment.

The learner is guided to:
use available resources to search
for information on categories of
computer hardware: input devices
(keying devices, pointing devices,
scanning devices, voice input devices, touch screen, digitizer, digital cameras)
discuss the categories of computer hardware devices in a user environment,
match available devices to their
respective categories

How are computer hardware used?

Digital devices, reference materials, productivity tools, computer hardware, manila papers,
Longhorn Comp. Scie Grd 7T.G Pg. 73-78
Longhorn Comp. Scie Grd 7P.B Pg. 56-59

Rating scales, rubrics, questionnaires, projects, journals, portfolios, oral questions, aural questions

FOUNDATIONS OF PRE -TECHNICAL STUDIES

Classification of computer hardware- input devices
Classification of computer hardware

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
identify the categories of a computer hardware
classify computer hardware devices in a user environment,
value the importance of computer hardware devices in a user environment.
classify computer hardware devices in a user environment as output devices,

The learner is guided to:
use available resources to search
for information on categories of
computer hardware: input devices
(keying devices, pointing devices,
scanning devices, voice input devices, touch screen, digitizer, digital cameras)
discuss the categories of computer hardware devices in a user environment,
match available devices to their
respective categories
computer hardware: output devices
(hardcopy and softcopy
discuss the categories of
computer hardware devices in a
user environment,

How are computer hardware used?

Digital devices, reference materials, productivity tools, computer hardware, manila papers,
Longhorn Comp. Scie Grd 7T.G Pg. 73-78
Longhorn Comp. Scie Grd 7P.B Pg. 56-59
Longhorn Comp. Scie Grd 7T.G Pg. 89-92
Longhorn Comp. Scie Grd 7P.B Pg. 69

Rating scales, rubrics, questionnaires, projects, journals, portfolios, oral questions, aural questions

FOUNDATIONS OF PRE -TECHNICAL STUDIES

Classification of computer hardware
Classification of computer hardware

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
identify the categories of a computer hardware
classify computer hardware devices in a user environment as output devices,
value the importance of computer hardware devices in a user environment.

The learner is guided to:
use available resources to search
for information on categories of
computer hardware: output devices
(hardcopy and softcopy
discuss the categories of
computer hardware devices in a
user environment,
match available devices to their
respective categories
computer hardware: storage devices (fixed and removable devices),

How are computer hardware used?

Digital devices, reference materials, productivity tools, computer hardware, manila papers,
Longhorn Comp. Scie Grd 7T.G Pg. 89-92
Longhorn Comp. Scie Grd 7P.B Pg. 69
Digital devices, removable storage devices, pictures, internet
Longhorn Comp. Scie. T.G pg. 89-95
Longhorn Comp. Scie. P.B pg.81-89

Rating scales, rubrics, questionnaires, projects, journals, portfolios, oral questions, aural questions

FOUNDATIONS OF PRE -TECHNICAL STUDIES

Using computer hardware to perform a task
Using computer hardware to perform a task

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
list the classification of a computer hardware,
use computer hardware devices to carry out a given task,
value the importance of computer hardware devices in a user environment.

The learner is guided to:
perform tasks using computer
input, output and storage devices.

How are computer hardware used?

Digital devices, removable storage devices, pictures, internet
Longhorn Comp. Scie. T.G pg. 89-95
Longhorn Comp. Scie. P.B pg.81-89
Digital devices, reference materials, productivity tools, computer hardware, manila papers,
Longhorn Comp. Scie Grd 7T.G Pg. 71-72
Longhorn Comp. Scie Grd 7P.B Pg. 55

Written questions, observation, rubrics, oral questions

FOUNDATIONS OF PRE -TECHNICAL STUDIES

Using computer hardware to perform a task
Using computer hardware to perform a task

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
list the classification of a computer hardware,
use computer hardware devices to carry out a given task,
value the importance of computer hardware devices in a user environment.

The learner is guided to:
perform tasks using computer
input, output and storage devices.

How are computer hardware used?

Digital devices, reference materials, productivity tools, computer hardware, manila papers,
Longhorn Comp. Scie Grd 7T.G Pg. 71-72
Longhorn Comp. Scie Grd 7P.B Pg. 55

Rating scales, rubrics, questionnaires, projects, journals, portfolios, oral questions, aural questions

FOUNDATIONS OF PRE -TECHNICAL STUDIES

Importance of consumer and investor protection in Kenya

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

explain the importance of consumer and investor protection in Kenya,
Watch a video clip on investor and consumer protection in Kenya,
protect oneself from exploitation.

The learner is guided to:
brainstorm and present on the
meaning and importance of
consumer and investor protection in
Kenya,
use available resources to search for
information on the importance of
consumer and investor protection in
Kenya,

Why does the Government protect consumers and investors?

-Business Studies handbook
-Photographs and pictures
-Charts
MTP BST Grd 7 T.G pg. 113-115
MTP BST Grd 7 P.b pg. 99-101

#NAME?

FOUNDATIONS OF PRE -TECHNICAL STUDIES

Ways in which consumers and investors are protected in Kenya
Ways in which consumers and investors are protected in Kenya

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
List the importance of consumer and investor protection in Kenya,
analyze ways in which consumers and investors are protected in Kenya,
protect oneself from exploitation.

The learner is guided to:
share experiences on ways in which
consumers and investors protect
themselves,
discuss and present on ways in
which the Government protects
consumers and investors.
use print or digital media to search
for information on ways in which
non-Governmental organizations
protect consumers' and investors'
concerns in Kenya,

Why does the Government protect consumers and investors?

-Business Studies handbook
-Photographs and pictures
-Charts
MTP BST Grd 7 T.G pg. 113-115
MTP BST Grd 7 P.b pg. 99-101

#NAME?

FOUNDATIONS OF PRE -TECHNICAL STUDIES
Materials for Production.

Government financial regulation in Kenya
Composite Materials.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
explore the Government financial regulators in Kenya,
Analyze a case study of Government financial regulators in Kenya
protect oneself from exploitation.
lesson, be able to;
Define the term Composite material.
Identify composite materials in the locality.
Search the internet for pictures of common composite materials.
Collect some of the composite materials in the locality.

The learner is guided to:
engage a resource person to discuss
ways in which non-Governmental
organizations protect consumers' and investors' concerns in Kenya,
read and analyze a case study on Government financial regulators in Kenya.
In groups,pairs,learners are guided to:
explain the meaning of composite materials.
study pictures and identify the materials used to make the composites.
list some of the composite materials found in the locality.
Walk around the school compound or in the neighborhood and collect items made of composite materials.

How do consumers protect themselves from exploitation by traders?

-Business Studies handbook
-Photographs and pictures
-Charts
MTP BST Grd 7 T.G pg. 113-115
MTP BST Grd 7 P.b pg. 99-101
Realia.
Pictures.
Top Scholar Pre-Technical Studies pg 38-39.
Digital devices.

#NAME?

Materials for Production.

Composite Materials.
Composite Materials.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
lesson, be able to;
List the common composite materials in the locality.
Describe the composition of composite materials in the locality.
Prepare charts showing the composition of the different composite materials.
Acknowledge the constituent substances in composite materials.
State the unique characteristics of composite materials.
Relate the composite materials to their uses in work environment.
Acknowledge the importance of composite materials used in the locality.

In groups,pairs,learners are guided to;
distinguish between matrix and reinforcement in composite materials.
list the common composite materials and identify their constituent substances.
discuss the common composite materials and their constituents.
prepare charts to show the common composite materials and their composition.
outline the unique characteristics of composite materials.
discuss the uses of some common composite materials in the locality.
use digital devices to search and watch video clips on different uses of composite materials.
prepare posters showing the uses of the different composite materials.

How can composite materials be identified?

Composite materials.
Top Scholar Pre-Technical Studies pg 40-41.
Charts.
Top Scholar Pre-Technical Studies pg 41-44
Teacher's Notes
Digital devices.

Peer assessment. observation. checklists oral questions oral discussions.

Materials for Production.

Composite Materials.
Composite Materials.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
lesson, be able to;
Identify the careers associated with composite materials in the locality.
Describe the careers associated with composite materials in the locality.
Prepare posters/flashcards showing the careers related to use of composite materials.
Appreciate the different careers related to use of composite materials in the locality.
Identify the importance of composite materials used in the locality.
Discuss the importance of composite materials.
Acknowledge the importance of composite materials used in the locality .

In groups,pairs,learners are guided to:
study pictures and identify the careers related to use of composite materials.
describe the different careers related to use of composite materials.
search the internet for careers related to use of composite materials.
prepare posters and flashcards showing the careers related to composite materials.
In groups,pairs,learners are guided to;
study pictures in learner's book and explain the the importance of the items made from the composite materials shown in the pictures.
brainstorm the importance of composite materials used in locality.
discuss the importance of composite materials.
search the internet for more information on the importance of composite materials.

Which careers are related to the use of composite materials?

Top Scholar Pre-Technical Studies pg 45-47.
Digital devices.
Posters.
Flashcards.
Pictures.
Top Scholar Pre-Technical Studies pg 47-48

Assessment rubric. Checklists. Written tests. oral questions Oral discussion.

Materials for Production.

Ceramic Materials.
Ceramic Materials.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
lesson, be able to;
Identify the common ceramic materials in the locality.
Describe the common types of ceramic materials in the locality.
Search the internet for information and pictures of ceramic materials.
Appreciate the common ceramic materials in the locality.
Identify the physical properties of ceramic materials in the locality.
Discuss the physical properties of ceramic materials in the locality.
Conduct simple experiments to investigate the physical properties of ceramic materials.
Acknowledge the properties of ceramic materials.

In groups,pairs,learners are guided to;
collect and display the ceramic materials.
search for meaning of ceramic material from textbook or internet.
identify items made of ceramic materials.
describe the common ceramic materials in the locality.
In groups, pairs,learners are guided to;
Carry out simple activities to determine the physical properties of ceramic materials and record their observation.
identify the physical properties of ceramic materials from the activities.
discuss the physical properties of ceramic materials.
search internet for video clips on physical properties of ceramic materials.

What are ceramic materials? What items made from ceramic materials do you know?

Pictures.
Top Scholar Pre-Technical Studies pg 49-51.
Ceramic items.
Digital devices.
Top Scholar Pre-Technical Studies pg 51-54.
Ceramic materials.
Video clips.

Observation. Checklists. Oral questions Oral discussion . Written tests.

Materials for Production.

Ceramic Materials.
Ceramic Materials.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
lesson, be able to;
State the uses of ceramic materials in the locality.
Discuss the uses of ceramic materials in the locality.
Search the internet for more information on uses of ceramic materials.
Appreciate the uses of ceramic materials in the locality.
Identify the careers related to use of ceramic materials in the locality.
Discuss the careers related to use of ceramic materials in the locality.
Prepare posters showing the careers related to use of ceramic materials in the locality.
Appreciate the careers related to ceramic materials.

In groups,pairs,learners are guided to;
list the items made from ceramic materials.
discuss the uses of ceramic materials in the community.
search the internet for more information and video clips on the uses of ceramic materials.
brainstorm on the careers related to use of ceramic materials in the locality.
discuss the careers related to use of ceramic materials in the locality.
search the internet for more information on the careers related to use of ceramic materials.

What items are made from ceramic materials?

Pictures.
Ceramic materials.
Top Scholar Pre-Technical Studies pg 54-56.
Digital devices.
Internet.
Video clips.
Top Scholar Pre-Technical Studies pg 57-58.
Posters.

Oral questions Oral discussion. Observation. Written tests. Assessment rubric.

Materials for Production.
TOOLS AND PRODUCTION

Ceramic Materials.
Measuring and marking tools

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
lesson, be able to;
State the importance of ceramic materials used in the locality.
Discuss the importance of ceramic materials in the locality.
Search the importance for more information on importance of ceramic materials used in locality.
Acknowledge the importance of ceramic materials used in the locality.
Explain the meaning of measuring and marking tool.
Name any measuring and marking tools used in the work environment.
Categorise hand tools into: measuring tools, marking tools, cutting tools, driving tools, holding tools, cleaning tools and scooping tools.
Advocate the use of measuring tools.

In groups,pairs,learners are guided to;
study the information in learner's book.
discuss the importance of ceramic materials used in the locality.
present their findings in class .
In groups or in pairs, learners are guided to explain the meaning of measuring and marking tool.
In groups or in pairs, learners are guided to name any measuring and marking tools used in the work environment.
In groups or in pairs, learners are guided to categorise hand tools into: measuring tools, marking tools, cutting tools, driving tools, holding tools, cleaning tools and scooping tools.

Why are ceramic materials important in the locality?

Top Scholar Pre-Technical Studies pg 59-60.
Digital devices.
Internet.
KLB, Top Scholar; Pre- Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 8 pg. 66-69
Pictures
Charts
Realia
Computing devices

Peer Assessment. Written tests. oral questions oral discussions.

TOOLS AND PRODUCTION

Measuring tools
Marking tools

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify common measuring tools.
State the functions of common measuring tools.
Draw some of the measuring tools, for example, measuring cylinder, voltmeter.
Appreciate the use of measuring tools.
Identify common marking tools.
State the functions of common marking tools.
Draw some of the marking tools, for example, scriber, dividers, trammel.
Appreciate the use of marking tools.

In groups or in pairs, learners are guided to identify common measuring tools.
In groups or in pairs, learners are guided to state the functions of common measuring tools.
In groups or in pairs, learners are guided to draw some of the measuring tools, for example, measuring cylinder, voltmeter.
In groups or in pairs, learners are guided to identify common marking tools.
In groups or in pairs, learners are guided to state the functions of common marking tools.
In groups or in pairs, learners are guided to draw some of the marking tools, for example, scriber, dividers, trammel.

What are the functions of common measuring tools?

KLB, Top Scholar; Pre- Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 8 pg. 69-71
Pictures
Charts
Computing devices
KLB, Top Scholar; Pre- Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 8 pg. 71-74
Realia

Oral questions Oral Report Observation

TOOLS AND PRODUCTION

Cutting tools; Identification of cutting tools
Uses of cutting tools.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Discuss the term cutting tools.
Name common cutting tools.
Draw the common cutting tools shown in learner's book 8 page 102.
Advocate for the use of cutting tools.
Describe the functions of common cutting tools.
Examine how cutting tools are used in a work environment.
Appreciate the uses of cutting tools.

In groups or in pairs, learners are guided to discuss the term cutting tools.
In groups or in pairs, learners are guided to name common cutting tools.
In groups or in pairs, learners are guided to draw the common cutting tools shown in learner's book 8 page 102.
In groups or in pairs, learners are guided to describe the functions of common cutting tools.
In groups or in pairs, learners are guided to examine how cutting tools are used in a work environment.

What are cutting tools?

KLB, Top Scholar; Pre- Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 8 pg. 101-105
Pictures
Charts
Computing devices
KLB, Top Scholar; Pre- Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 8 pg. 105-107

Oral questions Oral Report Observation

TOOLS AND PRODUCTION

Carrying out tasks using cutting tools

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Discuss the instructions on how to use the cutting tool safely.
Demonstrate how to use the cutting tool.
Cut a piece of wood using a hand saw.
Appreciate the use of a hand saw.

In group or in pairs, learners are guided to discuss the instructions on how to use the cutting tool safely.
In group or in pairs, learners are guided to demonstrate how to use the cutting tool.
In group or in pairs, learners are guided to cut a piece of wood using a hand saw.

How do you use a hand saw?

KLB, Top Scholar; Pre- Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 8 pg. 107-109
Pictures
Charts
Realia
Computing devices

Oral questions Oral Report Observation

TOOLS AND PRODUCTION

Cutting a piece of metallic or plastic material using a hacksaw
Cutting a sheet metal using snips

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify the requirements needed to cut a piece of metallic or plastic material.
Outline the procedure of cutting a piece of metallic or plastic material.
Cut a piece of metallic or plastic material using a hacksaw.
Appreciate the use of hacksaw.
Identify the requirements needed to cut a sheet metal using snips.
Outline the procedure of cutting a sheet metal using snips.
Cut a sheet metal using snips.
Appreciate the use of snips.

In group or in pairs, learners are guided to identify the requirements needed to cut a piece of metallic or plastic material.
In group or in pairs, learners are guided to outline the procedure of cutting a piece of metallic or plastic material.
In group or in pairs, learners are guided to cut a piece of metallic or plastic material using a hacksaw.
In group or in pairs, learners are guided to identify the requirements needed to cut a sheet metal using snips.
In group or in pairs, learners are guided to outline the procedure of cutting a sheet metal using snips.
In group or in pairs, learners are guided to cut a sheet metal using snips.

How do you use a hacksaw?

KLB, Top Scholar; Pre- Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 8 pg. 110-111
Pictures
Charts
Realia
Computing devices
KLB, Top Scholar; Pre- Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 8 pg. 111-112

Oral questions Oral Report Observation

TOOLS AND PRODUCTION

Cutting a piece of timber using chisel
Cutting a brick using a chisel

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify the requirements needed to cut a piece of timber using a chisel.
Outline the procedure of cutting a piece of timber using a chisel.
Cut a piece of timber using a chisel.
Appreciate the use of chisel.
Identify the requirements needed to cut a brick using a chisel.
Outline the procedure of cutting a brick using a chisel.
Cut a brick using a chisel.
Advocate the use of a chisel.

In group or in pairs, learners are guided to identify the requirements needed to cut a piece of timber using a chisel.
In group or in pairs, learners are guided to outline the procedure of cutting a piece of timber using a chisel.
In group or in pairs, learners are guided to cut a piece of timber using a chisel.
In group or in pairs, learners are guided to identify the requirements needed to cut a brick using a chisel.
In group or in pairs, learners are guided to outline the procedure of cutting a brick using a chisel.
In group or in pairs, learners are guided to cut a brick using a chisel.

What is a chisel?

KLB, Top Scholar; Pre- Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 8 pg. 112-114
Pictures
Charts
Realia
Computing devices
KLB, Top Scholar; Pre- Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 8 pg. 114-115

Oral questions Oral Report Observation

TOOLS AND PRODUCTION

Cutting a stone using a chisel
Planning a piece of timber using a jack plane

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify the requirements needed to cut a stone using a chisel.
Outline the procedure of cutting a stone using a chisel.
Cut a stone using a chisel.
Enjoy using a chisel.
Identify the requirements needed to plan a piece of timber using a jack plane.
Outline the procedure of planning a piece of timber using a jack plane.
Plan a piece of timber using a jack plane.
Appreciate the use of a jack plane.

In group or in pairs, learners are guided to identify the requirements needed to cut a stone using a chisel.
In group or in pairs, learners are guided to outline the procedure of cutting a stone using a chisel.
In group or in pairs, learners are guided to cut a stone using a chisel.
In group or in pairs, learners are guided to identify the requirements needed to plan a piece of timber using a jack plane.
In group or in pairs, learners are guided to outline the procedure of planning a piece of timber using a jack plane.
In group or in pairs, learners are guided to plan a piece of timber using a jack plane.

What have you learnt about a chisel?

KLB, Top Scholar; Pre- Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 8 pg. 115-116
Pictures
Charts
Computing devices
KLB, Top Scholar; Pre- Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 8 pg. 117-118
Realia

Oral questions Oral Report Observation

TOOLS AND PRODUCTION

Care for cutting tools
Importance of cutting tools

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Discuss the term
Explore the importance of cutting hand tools in the workplace.
Discuss the importance of cutting tools in their locality.
Appreciate the importance of cutting tools in the workplace.

In group or in pairs, learners are guided to; Discuss the terms used when cutting items.  Discuss how to care for cutting tools.  State the importance of caring for cutting tools.
In group or in pairs, learners are guided to explore the importance of cutting hand tools in the workplace.
In group or in pairs, learners are guided to discuss the importance of cutting tools in their locality.

How do you care for cutting tools?

KLB, Top Scholar; Pre- Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 8 pg. 119-121
Pictures
Charts
Realia
Computing devices
KLB, Top Scholar; Pre- Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 8 pg. 121-122

Oral questions Oral Report Observation

TOOLS AND PRODUCTION

Project: Making a simple measuring, marking or cutting tools
To make the item

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify a problem in their community which requires solutions using measuring, marking or cutting tools.
Describe how the problem affects the community.
Determine the skills needed to solve the problem in the community.
Develop curiosity of making a simple measuring, marking or cutting tools.
Identify the requirements of making a simple measuring, marking or cutting tools.
Outline the process of making a simple measuring, marking or cutting tools.
Make a measuring, marking or cutting tool to solve the identified problem.
Have fun and enjoy making the item.

In groups or in pairs, learners are guided to identify a problem in their community which requires solutions using measuring, marking or cutting tools.
In groups or in pairs, learners are guided to describe how the problem affects the community.
In groups or in pairs, learners are guided to determine the skills needed to solve the problem in the community.
In groups or in pairs, learners are guided to identify the requirements of making a simple measuring, marking or cutting tools.
In groups or in pairs, learners are guided to outline the process of making a simple measuring, marking or cutting tools.
In groups or in pairs, learners are guided to make a measuring, marking or cutting tool to solve the identified problem.

Which problem in your community that requires using measuring, marking or cutting tools?

KLB, Top Scholar; Pre- Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 8 pg. 122-123
Pictures
Charts
Realia
Computing devices
KLB, Top Scholar; Pre- Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 8 pg. 124-126

Oral questions Oral Report Observation

ENTREPRENEURSHIP

Bookkeeping
Importance of bookkeeping in entrepreneurship

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Brainstorm the meaning of bookkeeping.
Recognise and present the meaning of basic terms used in bookkeeping.
Have a desire to learn more about bookkeeping.
Explain the importance of bookkeeping in entrepreneurship.
Debate on the importance of bookkeeping in entrepreneurship.
Appreciate the importance of bookkeeping in entrepreneurship.

In groups, learners are guided to brainstorm the meaning of bookkeeping
In groups, learners are guided to recognise and present the meaning of basic terms used in bookkeeping.
In groups, learners are guided to explain the importance of bookkeeping in entrepreneurship.
In groups, learners are guided to state th characteristics of bookkeeping in entrepreneurship.
In groups, learners are guided to debate on the importance of bookkeeping in entrepreneurship.

What is bookkeeping?

Curriculum Design; Pre-Technical Studies, Grade 8
Pictures
Digital devices
Computing devices

Oral questions Oral Report Observation

ENTREPRENEURSHIP

Classifying business transactions in bookkeeping
Cash and credit transactions

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
State the types of business transactions in bookkeeping.
Classify business transactions in bookkeeping.
Appreciate different types of business transactions in bookkeeping.
Read and analyse a case study on cash and credit transactions.
State the differences between cash and business transactions.
Appreciate the use of cash and credit transactions.

In groups, learners are guided to state the types of business transactions in bookkeeping.
In groups, learners are guided to classify business transactions in bookkeeping.
In groups, learners are guided to prepare a business transaction in bookkeeping.
In groups, learners are guided to read and analyse a case study on cash and credit transactions.
In groups, learners are guided to state the differences between cash and business transactions.

What is a transaction?

Curriculum Design; Pre-Technical Studies, Grade 8
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ENTREPRENEURSHIP

Cash and credit transactions
Calculating assets in bookkeeping

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Role-play scenarios of various business transactions (people buying and selling)
Identify whether they are cash transactions or credit transactions.
Appreciate the importance's of business transaction.
Explain the meaning of an asset.
Calculate assets using the bookkeeping equation.
Appreciate the importance of assets in bookkeeping.

In groups, learners are guided to role-play scenarios of various business transactions (people buying and selling)
In groups, learners are guided to identify whether they are cash transactions or credit transactions.
In groups, learners are guided to explain the meaning of an asset.
In groups, learners are guided to state the formula of calculating assets using the bookkeeping equation.
In groups, learners are guided to calculate assets using the bookkeeping equation.

What are the importance's of business transaction?

Curriculum Design; Pre-Technical Studies, Grade 8
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ENTREPRENEURSHIP

Calculating liabilities in bookkeeping
Calculating capital in bookkeeping

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain the meaning of liabilities.
Calculate liabilities using the bookkeeping equation.
Appreciate the importance of liabilities in bookkeeping.
Explain the meaning of capital in bookkeeping.
Calculate capital using the bookkeeping equation.
Appreciate the importance of capital in bookkeeping.

In groups, learners are guided to explain the meaning of liabilities.
In groups, learners are guided to state the formula of calculating liabilities using the bookkeeping equation.
In groups, learners are guided to calculate liabilities using the bookkeeping equation.
In groups, learners are guided to explain the meaning of capital in bookkeeping.
In groups, learners are guided to state the formula of calculating capital using the bookkeeping equation.
In groups, learners are guided to calculate capital using the bookkeeping equation.

What is are liabilities? How do we calculate liabilities in bookkeeping?

Curriculum Design; Pre-Technical Studies, Grade 8
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ENTREPRENEURSHIP

Calculating profit of a given product.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Determine the cost and price of a given product.
Calculate the profit of a given product.
Appreciate the importance of calculating profits of a given profit.

In groups, learners are guided to determine the cost and price of a given product.
In groups, learners are guided to state the formula of calculating profit of a given product.
In groups, learners are guided to calculate the profit of a given product.

What is profit in business?

Curriculum Design; Pre-Technical Studies, Grade 8
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ENTREPRENEURSHIP

Calculating loss of a given product
Financial position for a business.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Determine the cost and price of a given product.
Calculate the loss of a given product.
Appreciate the importance of calculating loss of a given profit.
Discuss the components of a financial position statements of a business.
Draw and present simple financial position statements of a business.
Appreciate the importance of financial position in business.

In groups, learners are guided to determine the cost and price of a given product.
In groups, learners are guided to state the formula of calculating loss of a given product.
In groups, learners are guided to calculate the loss of a given product.
In groups, learners are guided to discuss the components of a financial position statements of a business.
In groups, learners are guided to draw and present simple financial position statements of a business.

What is loss in business?

Curriculum Design; Pre-Technical Studies, Grade 8
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ENTREPRENEURSHIP

Cash flow for a business.
Income statement for a business

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Discuss the components of a cash flow statement of a business.
Draw and present simple cash flow statement of a business.
Appreciate the importance of cash flow in business.
Discuss the components of an Income statement for a business.
Draw and present simple Income statement for a business.
Appreciate the importance of Income statement for a business.

In groups, learners are guided to discuss the components of a cash flow statement of a business.
In groups, learners are guided to draw and present simple cash flow statement of a business.
In groups, learners are guided to discuss the components of an Income statement for a business.
In groups, learners are guided to draw and present simple Income statement for a business.

How is the cash flow statement of a business prepared?

Curriculum Design; Pre-Technical Studies, Grade 8
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ENTREPRENEURSHIP

Income and Budgeting
Ethical and legal issues in generating income

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Brainstorm the meaning of the term income.
Analyse the sources of income to an individual.
Appreciate the sources of income to an individual.
Define the terms Ethical and legal issues.
Recognise the ethical and legal practices for generating income.
Appreciate the importance of ethical and legal issues.

In groups, learners are guided to Brainstorm the meaning of the term income.
In groups, learners are guided to analyse the sources of income to an individual.
In groups, learners are guided to define the terms Ethical and legal issues.
In groups, learners are guided to Recognise the ethical and legal practices for generating income.

How do your parents or guardians make money? What are some of the sources of income?

Oxford; Business Studies Today Learner's Book Grade 8 pg. 13-15
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Oxford; Business Studies Today Learner's Book Grade 8 pg. 21-26

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ENTREPRENEURSHIP

Budgeting and spending
Ways of spending money wisely in day-to-day life

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain the meaning of budget and budgeting.
Recognise the importance of budgeting in day-to-day life.
Appreciate the importance of budgeting in day-to-day life.
Discuss the meaning of spending and wise spending.
Role-play various ways of spending money wisely in day-to-day life.
Appreciate the ways of spending money wisely in day-to-day life.

In groups, learners are guided to explain the meaning of budget and budgeting.
In groups, learners are guided to recognise the importance of budgeting in day-to-day life.
In groups, learners are guided to discuss the meaning of spending and wise spending.
In groups, learners are guided to role-play various ways of spending money wisely in day-to-day life.

What is budgeting?

Oxford; Business Studies Today Learner's Book Grade 8 pg. 27-29
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Oxford; Business Studies Today Learner's Book Grade 8 pg. 29-31

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ENTREPRENEURSHIP

Preparing a simple budget for personal finance management.
Ethical issues in budgeting and spending money in the community

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Give reason for preparing a simple budget for personal finance management.
Prepare a simple budget for personal finance management.
Appreciate the importance of preparing a simple budget for personal finance management.
Identify ethical issues in budgeting and spending.
Compose a poem on ethical and legal issues in budgeting and spending. Recite the poem.
Practice financial planning in income management.

In groups, learners are guided to give reason for preparing a simple budget for personal finance management.
In groups, learners are guided to prepare a simple budget for personal finance management.
In groups, learners are guided to identify ethical issues in budgeting and spending.
In groups, learners are guided to compose a poem on ethical and legal issues in budgeting and spending. Recite the poem.

How do you prepare a simple budget for personal finance management?

Oxford; Business Studies Today Learner's Book Grade 8 pg. 32-33
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Oxford; Business Studies Today Learner's Book Grade 8 pg. 34-36

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ENTREPRENEURSHIP

Market, marketing and consumer
ICT platforms used for marketing goods and services

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define the term market, marketing and consumer.
Discuss the factors to consider when selecting a suitable market for goods and services.
Have a desire to learn about marketing.
Identify ICT platforms used for marketing goods and services.
Research on the ICT platforms used for marketing goods and services.
Appreciate the ICT platforms used for marketing goods and services.

In groups, learners are guided to define the term market, marketing and consumer
In groups, learners are guided to discuss the factors to consider when selecting a suitable market for goods and services
Learners to identify ICT platforms used for marketing goods and services
Learners to research on the ICT platforms used for marketing goods and services

What is a market? What is marketing?

Curriculum Design; Pre-Technical Studies, Grade 8
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ENTREPRENEURSHIP

Role of marketing in the satisfaction of human needs and wants in the society
Distribution of goods and services

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define satisfaction.
Share about a time when an advertisement inspired him/her to buy a good or service.
Appreciate the role of marketing in the satisfaction of human needs and wants in the society.
Explain the meaning of distribution of goods and services.
Discuss and present the meaning of channels of distribution.
Have a desire to learn more about distribution of goods and services.

Learners to define satisfaction.
In groups, learners are
guided to discuss the role of marketing in satisfaction of human needs and wants.
In groups, learners to share about a time when an advertisement inspired him/her to buy a good or service
In groups, learners are guided to explain the meaning of distribution of goods and services.
In groups, learners are guided to discuss and present the meaning of channels of distribution.

What is satisfaction?

Curriculum Design; Pre-Technical Studies, Grade 8
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ENTREPRENEURSHIP

Distribution of goods and services
Distribution of goods and services

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Search from available resources the role of intermediaries in the distribution of goods and services.
Explain the role of intermediaries in the distribution of goods and services.
Appreciate the role of intermediaries in the distribution of goods and services.
Search and watch video clips on channels for distributing goods and services.
Illustrate the channels for distributing goods and services in business.
Have a desire to learn more about channels for distributing goods and services in business.

In groups, learners are guided to search from available resources the role of intermediaries in the distribution of goods and services.
In groups, learners are guided to explain the role of intermediaries in the distribution of goods and services.
In groups, learners are guided to search and watch video clips on channels for distributing goods and services.
In groups, learners are guided to illustrate the channels for distributing goods and services in business.

What is the role of intermediaries in the distribution of goods and services?

Curriculum Design; Pre-Technical Studies, Grade 8
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ENTREPRENEURSHIP

Distribution of goods and services
Distribution of goods and services

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify the channels for distributing goods and services in business.
Prepare a chart on channels for distribution of different goods and services.
Appreciate the channels for distributing goods and services in business.
Read and discuss stories on different distribution channels of goods and services.
State the importance of distribution channels of goods and services.
Appreciate the importance of distribution channels of goods and services.

In groups, learners are guided to identify the channels for distributing goods and services in business.
In groups, learners are guided to prepare a chart on channels for distribution of different goods and services.
In groups, learners are guided to read and discuss stories on different distribution channels of goods and services.
In groups, learners are guided to state the importance of distribution channels of goods and services.

What are the channels for distributing goods and services?

Curriculum Design; Pre-Technical Studies, Grade 8
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ENTREPRENEURSHIP

Distribution of goods and services

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Identify ethics in distribution of goods and services.
Debate on ethical and unethical practices on distribution of goods and services.
Value the need for distribution of goods and services in the community.

In groups, learners are guided to identify ethics in distribution of goods and services.
In groups, learners are guided to debate on ethical and unethical practices on distribution of goods and services.

Which ethical issues influence the distribution of goods and services?

Curriculum Design; Pre-Technical Studies, Grade 8
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