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Form 4 2025
TERM II
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WK LSN TOPIC SUB-TOPIC OBJECTIVES T/L ACTIVITIES T/L AIDS REFERENCE REMARKS
1

Opener examinations

2 1
Linear Motion
Motion time graphs
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:


Plot and explain motion time graphs

Plotting and interpreting motion-time graphs

Appropriate charts on velocity time and distance graphs
Graph paper
Data showing different distance, velocity and time
Comprehensive secondary physics book 3 pages 5-9
Comprehensive secondary physics teachers book 3 pages 8-18
Secondary physics KLB students book 3 page 4-6 
2 2-3
Linear Motion
Acceleration
Equations of motion
Acceleration due to gravity
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:


Describe acceleration

;
Determine acceleration due to gravity by free-fall and simple pendulum

Describing acceleration
Problem solving

Determining acceleration by tree-fall and pendulum method
Charts on acceleration
Graphs
Data on velocity and time
Worked examples on motion

Pendulum bob
String
Stop watches
Ticker-timer
Comprehensive secondary physics students book 3 pages 2-3
Comprehensive secondary physics teachers book 3 pages 1-3
Secondary physics KLB students book 3 page 7-8 
Comprehensive secondary physics students book 3 pages 3-5
Comprehensive secondary physics teachers book 3 pages1-3
Secondary physics KLB students book 3 page 29-36 
2 4
Refraction Of Light
Laws of refraction
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:


State the laws of refraction and define refractive index

Discovering Snell?s law of refraction through experiments
Defining refractive index
Stating the laws of refraction

Glass blocks
Pins
Soft board
Plain paper
Geometric set
Comprehensive secondary physics students book 3 pages 12-14
Comprehensive secondary physics teachers book 3 pages6-9
Secondary physics KLB students book 3 page 47-61 
2 5
Refraction Of Light
Refractive index
Application of a total internal reflection in a prism periscope, optical fibre
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:


Determine the refractive index of a given substance

Experiments to determine the refractive index of rates and glass by real and apparent depth method
Water
Pins
Plain papers
Coins
Beakers
Charts on total internal reflection and applications
Comprehensive secondary physics students book 3 pages 14-15
Comprehensive secondary physics teachers book 3 pages6-9
Secondary physics KLB students book 3 page 61-68
3 1
Refraction Of Light
Dispersion of white light and recombination of colors of the spectrum
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:


Describe an experiment to illustrate the dispersion of light

Experiment on dispersion of light using glass prisms

Triangular glass prisms
Source of light
Screen
Comprehensive secondary physics students book 3 pages 19-20
Comprehensive secondary physics teachers book 3 pages6-9
Secondary physics KLB students book 3 page 79-89
3 2-3
Refraction Of Light
Refraction Of Light
Newton?s Law?s Of Motion
Problems of refractive index and critical angle
Total material reflection and its effect Critical angle
Newton?s Laws of motion
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:


Solve problems involving the refractive index and critical angle


Describe an experiment to explain the total internal reflection and its effects
Define critical angle

Discussions and problem solving in critical angle using the formulae sin C=i/n and n=sin i/sin r

Experiments to explain the total internal reflection and its effects
Defining critical angle
Observations and discussions on critical angle
Total internal reflection

Review questions
Past exams
Examples in the topic
Glass blocks
Soft boards
Pins
Geometrical set
Source of light
Inclined plane
Trolley
Marbles
Spring balances
Comprehensive secondary physics book 3 pages 21-22
Comprehensive secondary physics teachers book 3 pages6-9
Secondary physics KLB students book 3 page 82-86
Comprehensive secondary physics students book 3 pages 16-17
Comprehensive secondary physics teachers book 3 pages6-9
Secondary physics KLB students book 3 page 68-76 
3 4
Newton?s Law Of Motion
Conservation of linear momentum Elastic collision Inelastic collision Recoil velocity
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

By the end of the lesson, the leaner should be able to:
State the law of conservation of momentum
Define elastic and inelastic collisions
Determine recoil velocity

Discussions of the laws of conservation of linear momentum
Determining recoil velocity

Marbles
Trolleys
Meter rules
Stop watches
Plasticine
Comprehensive secondary physics students book 3 pages 28-30
Comprehensive secondary physics teachers book 3 pages 13-17
Secondary physics KLB students book 3 page 103-108 
3 5
Newton?s Law Of Motion
Friction
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:


Define friction
State and explain types of frictions
Describe and experiment to illustrate friction and state the applications of friction
State laws of friction

Defining friction
Stating and explaining types of frictions
Describing an experiment to illustrate friction
Stating the applications of the frictions
Stating laws of friction

Block of wood
Spring balance
Pulley
Flat surface
Comprehensive secondary physics students book 3 pages 28-39
Comprehensive secondary physics teachers book 3 pages 13-17
Secondary physics KLB students book 3 page 109-115 
4 1
Newton?s Laws Of Motion
Viscosity
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

By the end of the lesson, the leaner should be able to:
Define viscosity
Explain the concept of terminal velocity

Distinguishing viscous from- non-viscous liquids
Defining viscous liquids
Defining and explaining terminal viscosity

Glycerin
Paraffin
Water
Ball bearings
Stat watches
Meter rule
Measuring cylinders
Comprehensive secondary physics students book 3 pages33
Comprehensive secondary physics teachers book 3 pages 13-17
Secondary physics KLB students book 3 page 115-119 
4 2-3
Energy, Work, Power And Machines
Energy
Sources of energy Renewable Non-renewable
Kinetic energy Potential energy power
Simple machines
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:


Define energy
Describe various forms of energy


define power
explain the meaning of power potential and kinetic energies
distinguish between kinetic energy and potential energy

Defining energy
Stating the forms of energy
Identifying and describing energy transformation

Discussion and the meanings of kinetic energy and potential energy
Defining power
Distinguishing between kinetic energy and potential energy
Chart on the forms of energy and transformation
Chart on the sources of energy
Object that can be lifted
Spring balance
Levers
Pulleys
Inclined planes
Strings
Masses
Comprehensive secondary physics students book 3 pages34-35
Comprehensive secondary physics teachers book 3 pages 17-18
Secondary physics KLB students book 3 page 121,122-125 
Comprehensive secondary physics students book 3 pages 43-45
Comprehensive secondary physics teachers book 3 pages 18-22
Secondary physics KLB students book 3 page 126-132,134-136 
4 4
Energy, Work, Power And Machines
The law of conservation of energy
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:


State the laws of conservation of energy
Explain the applications of the laws of conservations of energy

Discussion on the law of conservation of energy

Chart on the laws of conservation of energy
Comprehensive secondary physics students book 3 pages 41-42
Comprehensive secondary physics teachers book 3 pages 20-21
Secondary physics KLB students book 3 page 132-134 
4 5
Energy, Work, Power And Machines
Work
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:


Define work
Explain the concept of work and energy

Experiment on work done by moving objects through a distance
Problem solving

Masses
Wooden block
Spring balance
Comprehensive secondary physics students book 3 pages 42-43
Comprehensive secondary physics teachers book 3 pages 18-22
Secondary physics KLB students book 3 page 125-132 
5 1
Current Electricity Ii
Electric current Scale reading
Ohm?s Law
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:


Define potential
Differentiate and state its SI units
Measure potential difference and current in a circuit

Defining potential difference
Measuring P.d
Discussion on p.d and current
Experiments to illustrate p.d and current
Ammeter
Voltmeter
Battery
Connecting wires
Rheostat
Wires
Dry cells
Comprehensive secondary physics students book 3 pages 54-55
Comprehensive secondary physics teachers book 3 pages 24-28
Secondary physics KLB students book 3 page 161-164 
5 2-3
Current Electricity Ii
Measurement of resistance
Ammeters and voltmeters
Voltage-current relationships
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:


Describe experiment to measure resistance using ? voltmeter method
The Wheatstone bridge method
The meter bridge


Measure potential difference and current in a circuit using the ammeters

Experiments to measure resistance of materials

Scale reading
Converting units of measurements
Discussing simple electric circuits

Ammeters
Voltmeters
Rheostats
Connecting wires
Resistance wire
Dry cells
Switches
Meter bridge
Wheatstone bridge
Resisters with known resistance
Ammeters
Voltmeters
Battery
Wires
Rheostat
Resistance wire
Rheostat
Voltmeter
Ammeter
Connecting wires
Comprehensive secondary physics students book 3 pages 57-59
Comprehensive secondary physics teachers book 3 pages 26-28
Secondary physics KLB students book 3 page 177-180
Comprehensive secondary physics students book 3 pages 54-55
Comprehensive secondary physics teachers book 3 pages 24-28
Secondary physics KLB students book 3 page 164-168 
5 4
Current Electricity
Effective resistance for registers in series and parallel
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:


Derive effective resistance

Discussions on deriving the effective resistance
Deriving effective resistance of registers in parallel and series

Cells
Resistors
Ammeters
Voltmeters
wires
Comprehensive secondary physics students book 3 pages 60-66
Comprehensive secondary physics teachers book 3 pages 24-28
Secondary physics KLB students book 3 page 180-189
5 5
Current Electricity
E.m.f and internal resistance (E=V+1r)
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:


Determine e.m.f
Explain the internal resistance of a cell

Explanation on internal resistance
Demonstration on e.m.f and internal resistance
Discussion on e.m.f

Voltmeters
Ammeter
Cells
Connecting wires
Comprehensive secondary physics students book 3 pages 62-63
Comprehensive secondary physics teachers book 3 pages 24-28
Secondary physics KLB students book 3 page 190-195 
6 1
Electrostatics Ii
Electric field patterns
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:


Sketch electric field patterns around charged bodies

Discussion on electric field patterns
Observing and plotting field patterns

Charts on magnetic fields
Comprehensive secondary physics students book 3 pages 76-77
Comprehensive secondary physics teachers book 3 pages 34-39
Secondary physics KLB students book 3 page 222-225
P
6 2-3
Electrostatics Ii
Charge distribution on conductors
Lighting arrestor
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:


Describe charge distribution on conductors:
Spherical and pear shaped conductors


Explain how lightning arrestor works

Discussions on charge distribution on conductors
Experiment is demonstrated/illustrate charge distribution on conductors

Discussions on the lighting arrestor
Explanations on the lighting arrestor

Vande Graaf generator
Chart showing charge distribution on different conductors
Gold leaf electroscope


Improvised lighting arrestor
Photographs of lightning arrestor
Comprehensive secondary physics students book 3 pages 77-78
Comprehensive secondary physics teachers book 3 pages 34-39
Secondary physics KLB students book 3 page 225-228 
Comprehensive secondary physics students book 3 pages 79-80
Comprehensive secondary physics teachers book 3 pages 34-39
Secondary physics KLB students book 3 page 229-230 
6 4
Electrostatics Ii
Capacitance
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:


Define capacitance and state its SI units
Describe the charging and discharging of a capacitor
State and explain the factors that affect the capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor

Experiments on charging and discharging capacitor
Discussion on factors affecting capacitance
Defining capacitance

Complete circuits
capacitors
Comprehensive secondary physics students book 3 pages 80-82
Comprehensive secondary physics teachers book 3 pages 34-39
Secondary physics KLB students book 3 page 230-237
6 5
Electrostatics Ii
Combinations of capacitors
Energy stored in a charged capacitor
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:


Derive the effective capacitance of capacitors in series and parallel

Deriving effective capacitance of capacitors in series and parallel
Solving problems
Discussion in the effective capacitance
Capacitors in series and parallel connections
Charts showing complete circuits
Capacitors
Dry cells
Charts on capacitors used
Comprehensive secondary physics students book 3 pages 80-82
Comprehensive secondary physics teachers book 3 pages 34-39
Secondary physics KLB students book 3 page 237-241 
7-8

Midterm examinations

9

Midterm break

10 1
Electrostatics
Application of capacitors
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:


State and explain the applications of capacitors

Discussions on applications of capacitors
Stating and explaining applications of capacitors

Charts on the use of capacitors
capacitors
Comprehensive secondary physics students book 3 pages 82-84
Comprehensive secondary physics teachers book 3 pages 34-39
Secondary physics KLB students book 3 page 244 
10 2-3
Quantity Of Heat
Quantity Of Heat
Radio Activity
Heat capacity Specific heat capacity Units of heat capacity
Change of state
Boiling and melting
Types of radiation
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

By the end of the lesson the learner should be able to
Define heat capacity and specific heat capacity and derive their SI units


Distinguish between boiling and melting
State the factors affecting melting points and boiling points of a substance
Describe the working of a pressure cooker and a refrigerator

Experiments on heat capacity and specific heat capacity
Discussion on heat capacity and specific h eat capacity
Defining heat capacity and heat specific heat capacity

Distinguishing between boiling and melting points
Stating factors affecting boiling and melting points
Experiments to illustrate boiling and melting point
Source of heat
Water
Lagged can
Thermometer
File
Weighing balance
Source of heat
Pressure cooker
Refrigerator
Charts on melting and boiling points
Ice
Heat
Sufuria
water
Radiation
detectors
Comprehensive secondary physics students book 3 pages 93-96
Comprehensive secondary physics teachers book 3 pages 42-46
Secondary physics KLB students book 3 page 246-260-271 
Comprehensive secondary physics students book 3 pages 97-101
Comprehensive secondary physics teachers book 3 pages 42-46
Secondary physics KLB students book 3 page 246-282-288 
10 4
Radio-Activity
Detecting nuclear radiations
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

explain how a diffusion cloud chamber works

Demonstrations
discussions

Radiation detectors
Comprehensive secondary physics students book 4 pages 100
Secondary physics KLB students book 4 page 173-174 
10 5
Radio-Activity
Radio-active decay
Hazards of radioactivity
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

define radio-active decay and half life

discussion
Charts on radio-active decay
diffusion cloud chamber
Comprehensive secondary physics students book 4 pages 100-102
teachers book 4 pages 42-45
Secondary physics KLB students book 4 page 176-181 
11 1
Radioactivity
Nuclear fission and fusion
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:


Define nuclear fission and nuclear fusion
Write balanced nuclear equations
State the application of radioactivity

Discussions
Problem solving

Periodic table
Comprehensive secondary physics students book 4 pages 100-108
teachers book 4 pages 42-45
Secondary physics KLB students book 4 page 181-184 
11 2-3
Electronics
Conductors and semi-conductors
Intrinsic and extrinsic semi-conductors
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:


Differentiate between conductors and semi-conductors


Explain doping in semi-conductors
Explain the working of p-n junction diode
Distinguish between intrinsic and extrinsic semi-conductors

Discussions
Experiments

Discussions
Experiments

Some semi-conductors
Some insulator

Samples of semi-conductors
Complete circuit
Transistors
Junction diode
Comprehensive secondary physics students book 4 pages 110-111
teachers book 4 pages 45-48
Secondary physics KLB students book 4 page 187-189 
Comprehensive secondary physics students book 4 pages 111-112
teachers book 4 pages 48-52
Secondary physics KLB students book 4 page 189-194 
11 4
Electronics
Characteristics of p-n junction
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:



sketch the current voltage characteristics for a diode


experiments

junction diode

Comprehensive secondary physics students book 4 pages 161-117
teachers book 4 pages 48-52
Secondary physics KLB students book 4 page 189-194 
11 5
Electronics
Applications of diodes
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:


explain the application of diodes in rectifications

Discussions
Questions and answers

Chart showing the application of diode
Comprehensive secondary physics students book 4 pages 117-120
teachers book 4 pages 48-52
Secondary physics KLB students book 4 page 198-201 
12-13

End term examinations

14

Marking, revision and analysis of results


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