TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

The mammalian heart ? external structure.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe the external structure of the heart.

Exposition; Identifying compartments of the heart.

Model of a heart.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
Pages 21 - 22

TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Internal structure of mammalian heart.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Draw compartments of the heart and label major parts.

Drawing and labeling a diagram of a mammalian heart.

Model of a heart, wallcharts.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
Pages 22 -23

TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Pumping mechanism of the heart.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To differentiate between systolic and diastolic heart movements.

Discussion and Explanations.
Experiment- To investigate pulse rate at the wrist.

Stopwatches.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
Pages 23 - 24

TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Pulse rate.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain the origin of pulse.
Explain effect of exercise on pulse rate.

Record number of pulses before and after an exercise.
Brief discussion.

Stopwatches.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
Pages 30 - 31

TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Structure of arteries. Major arteries.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe the structure of arteries.

To identify major arteries in the circulatory system.

Discussion
Drawing and labeling internal structure of an artery.

Chart- cross-section of an artery.
Chart-circulatory system.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
Page 25

TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Veins.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe the structure of veins.
To explain the need for valves in veins.
To state differences between veins and arteries.

Drawing and labeling diagram of an artery.
Discussion and explanations.

Chart-
cross-sections of major blood vessels in the body.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
Pages 27-29

TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Capillaries.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe the structure of capillaries.
To explain the role of capillaries in transport

Discussion and explanations.

text book

K.L.B. BOOK 2
Pages 25-26

TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Diseases and defects of the circulatory system.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To discuss various diseases and defects of the circulatory system.

Discussion of various diseases and defects of the circulatory system.
Suggest methods of prevention and control.

text book

K.L.B. BOOK 2
Pages 31 - 32

TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Composition of blood. The plasma.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To state the constituents of blood plasma.
To identify functions of plasma.

Detailed discussion and explanations.

text book

K.L.B. BOOK 2
Pages 32 - 33

TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Composition of blood. The plasma.
Red blood cells.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To state the constituents of blood plasma.
To identify functions of plasma.

To state the functions of red blood cells.
To explain the functions of haemoglobin in r.b.c.

Detailed discussion and explanations.

text book
Wall charts.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
Pages 32 - 33
K.L.B. BOOK 2
Pages 33 - 34

TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

White blood cells.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe the structure of white blood cells.
To state functions of white blood cells.

Detailed discussion and explanations.

text book

K.L.B. BOOK 2
Pages 34 - 35

TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Platelets.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe the structure of platelets.
To state functions of platelets.

Detailed discussion and explanations.

text book

K.L.B. BOOK 2
Page 35

TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Blood clotting.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe the blood clotting process.

To explain importance of blood clotting.

Exposition of new concepts.
Detailed discussion.

Blood smear, microscope.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
Page 36

TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Blood clotting.
Blood groups, Antigens and antibodies.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe the blood clotting process.

To explain importance of blood clotting.


To identify the four blood groups.
To identify compatible blood groups.

Exposition of new concepts.
Detailed discussion.
Completing a table of blood groups and the corresponding antigens and antibodies present.

Blood smear, microscope.
Chart-
blood groups, antigens and antibodies.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
Page 36
K.L.B. BOOK 2
Pages

TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Blood transfusion.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To define blood transfusion.
To identify compatible blood groups.
To identify the universal donor and universal recipient.

Q/A: Identifying compatible blood groups.
Open discussion.
Completing a table of compatible blood groups.

Blood transfusion resource person.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
Pages 30 - 31

TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

The Rhesus factor.
Immune responses.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe the Rhesus factor and its significance.

Review blood groups, antigens and antibodies.
Exposition, discussion and explanations.

text book
Chart- Diseases that children are immunized against;
Resource person.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
Page 38

TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Allergic reactions.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To define an allergic reaction.
To identify ways in which allergy presents itself.
To explain cause of allergic reactions.

Q/A: Manifestations of allergy.

Exposition and brief explanations.

text book

K.L.B. BOOK 2
Page 43

TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS
GASEOUS EXCHANGE

Organ transplant.
Introduction. Gaseous exchange in plants.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To identify organs that are normally transplanted.


To explain importance of gaseous exchange.

To describe gaseous exchange in plants.

Q/A: Organs transplanted.

Superficial discussion.

Topic review.


Discussion
Explanations

Q/A: Products of respiration.
Detailed discussion.

text book

K.L.B. BOOK 2
Page 43
K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 48

GASEOUS EXCHANGE

Release of CO2 by plants.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe an experiment to show release of CO2 by plants.

Class experiments including control experiments.

Explain the observations made.

Bicarbonate indicator, boiling tubes, Aluminum foil.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 49

GASEOUS EXCHANGE

Release of O2 by plants.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe an experiment to show release of O2 by plants.

Teacher demonstration: Test for the gas evolved.
Discuss observations.

Gas jar,
Glass funnel,
Water plant,
Beaker.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 49

GASEOUS EXCHANGE

Stomata.
Opening & closing of stomata.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe the structure and explain the functions of stomata.

Detailed discussion.
Drawing diagrams.

text book

K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 51

GASEOUS EXCHANGE

Stomata and habitats of plants.
Lenticels.
Respiratory surfaces in animals.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To relate plant habitats and the no. of stomata.
To explain the variation between number of stomata on the upper and lower face.


To define a respiratory surface.
To state characteristics of respiratory surfaces.
To identify the environment or medium of operation of respiratory surfaces.

Observe number of stomata of prepared slides of hydrophytes and xerophytes.

Discuss the observations.
Teacher exposes meaning of a respiratory surface.
Discuss at length, giving examples of organisms that have a given respiratory surface.

Prepared slides of hydrophytes and xerophytes.
text book

K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 51
K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 53

GASEOUS EXCHANGE

Gaseous exchange in protozoa.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe the mechanism of gaseous exchange in an amoeba.

Q/A: Review diffusion, structure of an amoeba.
Discuss briefly gaseous exchange in and out of amoeba.

text book

K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 53

GASEOUS EXCHANGE

Gaseous exchange in insects.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe the mechanism of gaseous exchange in insects

Drawing tracheal system of a grasshopper.
Discuss at length the structure of the tracheal system.
Detailed discussion.

text book

K.L.B. BOOK 2
PP. 53, 54

GASEOUS EXCHANGE

Breathing in insects.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe the breathing mechanism in an insect.

Observe breathing movements of live specimens of grasshoppers, locusts or cockroaches.

Live specimens of insects,
Hand lenses,
Boiling tubes.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 56

GASEOUS EXCHANGE

Number, position and shape of spiracles of insects.
Gaseous exchange in a bony fish.
Gaseous exchange in amphibians.
Gaseous exchange in mammals.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To give an account of the number, position and shape of spiracles of insects.
To list down parts of the tracheal system in man.
To describe the function of the parts of a system respiratory.

Drawing the abdomen and showing the position and shape of spiracles, and giving reasons thereof.
Discuss at length man?s respiratory system.

Live specimens of insects.

A gill of a fish.
text book
Wall chart- Respiratory system in man.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 56
K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 59

GASEOUS EXCHANGE

The structure of the lungs.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To explain adaptations of the lungs to their functions.

Drawing labeled diagrams coupled with explanations.

Wall charts- Structure of lungs.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 60-1

GASEOUS EXCHANGE

Inhalation.
Exhalation.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe the process of inhalation in man.

Showing movements of ribs during inhalation.
Explain the inhalation mechanism.

Chart / model of a rib cage.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
PP. 61-62

GASEOUS EXCHANGE

Thoracic cavity model.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To identify similarities between a model thoracic cavity and an actual thoracic cavity.

Teacher presents a model thoracic cavity.
Q/A: Comparing parts of the model cavity and the actual rib cage.

Thoracic cavity model.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
PP. 61-63

GASEOUS EXCHANGE

Gaseous exchange in an alveolus.
Rate of breathing in man.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe gaseous exchange in an alveolus.
To explain regulation of breathing in man.


To state and explain briefly factors affecting the rate of inhalation / exhalation processes.

Discussion and explanations.

text book

K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 64
K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 63

GASEOUS EXCHANGE

Intercostal muscles.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To explain the function of intercostal muscles during the breathing system.

Detailed discussion.
Counting number of inhalations before and after an exercise blow.

Lime water, rib cage model.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 66

GASEOUS EXCHANGE

Inhaled and exhaled air.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To test for CO2 in the air we inhale/ exhale.

Observe colour changes of lime water, and make deductions.
Brief discussion.

Lime water.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 67

GASEOUS EXCHANGE
RESPIRATION

Diseases of the respiratory system.
Introduction ? Definition and importance of respiration.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To state the causes, symptoms and prevention of respiratory diseases.

Discuss cause, symptoms and prevention of whooping cough TB, bronchitis, etc.

Resource person.
text book

K.L.B. BOOK 2
PP. 67-70

RESPIRATION

Burning food.
The mitochondrion.
Aerobic respiration.
Anaerobic respiration.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe an experiment investigating the gas given off when food is burnt.
To explain phases of aerobic respiration.
To state difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration.

Teacher demonstration: Burning a food sample.
Testing for the gas evolved during combustion.
Detailed discussion.
Writing down equations of food breakdown.

text book
Wall charts- The mitochond-rion
text book
Glucose
Yeast
Thermometer

K.L.B. BK 2
PP. 73-74
K.L.B. BK 2
PP.74-76

RESPIRATION

Oxygen ?debt?.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To explain the term ?oxygen debt?.
To explain the effect of ?oxygen debt? on the amount of energy released during respiration.

Probing questions.

Detailed discussion.

text book

K.L.B. BK 2
P.78

RESPIRATION

Applications of anaerobic respiration.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To explain applications of anaerobic respiration.

Q/A: Products of fermentation process.
Listing down various applications of anaerobic respiration.

text book

K.L.B. BK 2
P. 79

RESPIRATION

Respiratory substrates & respiratory quotient.
Rate of respiration.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To identify respiratory substrates in the body.
To define respiratory quotient.
To calculate R.Q.

Brief discussion/ explanations.

Exposition of definition and its significance.
Problem solving.

text book

K.L.B. BK 2
P. 79

EXCRETION AND HOMEOSTASIS

Introduction- Definition and importance of homeostasis and excretion.
Excretion in plants.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:


To define homeostasis and excretion.
To explain necessity of excretion in plants and animals.
To name plants excretory products.
To state uses of excretory products of plants.

Q/A: Definitions of digestion, ingestion and egestion, secretion and excretion.

Discuss importance of excretion in plants and animals.

Probing questions.
Exposition of new terms.
Discuss uses and abuses of plant excretory products.

text book
Some plants excretory products.

K.L.B. BK 2
PP. 83-84

EXCRETION AND HOMEOSTASIS

Excretion and homeostasis in unicellular organisms.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe excretion and homeostasis in an amoeba and a paramecium.

Q/A: Review diffusion, structure of an amoeba.
Discuss excretion and homeostasis in an amoeba and a paramecium.

text book

K.L.B. BK 2
PP. 84-85

EXCRETION AND HOMEOSTASIS

Excretion and homeostasis in animals.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To identify excretory organs in various animals.

Exposition and discussion.
Observe drawings of various animals showing excretory organs.

Specimens of platyhelmin-thes, annelida, insects.

K.L.B. BK 2
P. 85