TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Absorption of water and mineral salts.
Significance and types of Transpiration.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To explain processes through which water and mineral salts move through plants.

Discussion and Explanations.

Wall charts ?
Root hairs.
Internal structure of a leaf.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
Pages 7 - 9

TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Factors affecting rate of transpiration.
The Xylem tissue. Forces involved in transport of water and mineral salts.
Rates of transpiration on leaf surfaces.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To state and explain factors affecting transpiration.
To describe the structure of xylem tissue.

To explain the forces involved in transport of water and mineral salts.

Q/A:
Discussion
Explanations.
Q/A:
Discussion
Explanations
Drawing diagrams.

text book
Wall charts-The xylem tissue.
text book

K.L.B. BOOK 2
Pages 12- 14
K.L.B. BOOK 2
Pages 10-12

TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Translocation of organic compounds.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To define translocation.
To describe the structure of phloem tissue.

Q/A: To review photosynthesis.
Discussion and explanations of structure of phloem tissue.
Drawing and labeling phloem tissue.

Chart - phloem tissue.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
Page 17

TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Transport in Animals. Open and closed circulatory systems. Open circulatory system in insects.
Single and double circulatory systems.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:



To differentiate between open and closed circulatory systems.

To discuss open circulatory system in insects.

Exposition and discussion.

Drawing and labeling diagrams.

Charts- Circulatory systems.
Chart- Mammalian double circulation system.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
Pages 18 - 19

TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

The mammalian heart ? external structure.
Internal structure of mammalian heart.
Pumping mechanism of the heart.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe the external structure of the heart.
Draw compartments of the heart and label major parts.

Exposition; Identifying compartments of the heart.
Drawing and labeling a diagram of a mammalian heart.

Model of a heart.
Model of a heart, wallcharts.
Stopwatches.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
Pages 21 - 22
K.L.B. BOOK 2
Pages 22 -23

TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Pulse rate.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain the origin of pulse.
Explain effect of exercise on pulse rate.

Record number of pulses before and after an exercise.
Brief discussion.

Stopwatches.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
Pages 30 - 31

TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Structure of arteries. Major arteries.
Veins.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe the structure of arteries.

To identify major arteries in the circulatory system.

Discussion
Drawing and labeling internal structure of an artery.

Chart- cross-section of an artery.
Chart-circulatory system.
Chart-
cross-sections of major blood vessels in the body.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
Page 25

TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Capillaries.
Diseases and defects of the circulatory system.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe the structure of capillaries.
To explain the role of capillaries in transport
To discuss various diseases and defects of the circulatory system.

Discussion and explanations.

Discussion of various diseases and defects of the circulatory system.
Suggest methods of prevention and control.

text book

K.L.B. BOOK 2
Pages 25-26
K.L.B. BOOK 2
Pages 31 - 32

TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Composition of blood. The plasma.
Red blood cells.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To state the constituents of blood plasma.
To identify functions of plasma.

Detailed discussion and explanations.

text book
Wall charts.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
Pages 32 - 33

TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

White blood cells.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe the structure of white blood cells.
To state functions of white blood cells.

Detailed discussion and explanations.

text book

K.L.B. BOOK 2
Pages 34 - 35

TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Platelets.
Blood clotting.
Blood groups, Antigens and antibodies.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe the structure of platelets.
To state functions of platelets.
To identify the four blood groups.
To identify compatible blood groups.

Detailed discussion and explanations.
Completing a table of blood groups and the corresponding antigens and antibodies present.

text book
Blood smear, microscope.
Chart-
blood groups, antigens and antibodies.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
Page 35
K.L.B. BOOK 2
Pages

TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Blood transfusion.
The Rhesus factor.
Lymph.
Immune responses.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To define blood transfusion.
To identify compatible blood groups.
To identify the universal donor and universal recipient.

Q/A: Identifying compatible blood groups.
Open discussion.
Completing a table of compatible blood groups.

Blood transfusion resource person.
text book
Chart- the lymphatic system.
Chart- Diseases that children are immunized against;
Resource person.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
Pages 30 - 31

TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Allergic reactions.
Organ transplant.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To define an allergic reaction.
To identify ways in which allergy presents itself.
To explain cause of allergic reactions.

Q/A: Manifestations of allergy.

Exposition and brief explanations.

text book

K.L.B. BOOK 2
Page 43

GASEOUS EXCHANGE

Introduction. Gaseous exchange in plants.
Release of CO2 by plants.
Release of O2 by plants.
Stomata.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:


To explain importance of gaseous exchange.

To describe gaseous exchange in plants.
To describe an experiment to show release of CO2 by plants.

Discussion
Explanations

Q/A: Products of respiration.
Detailed discussion.


Class experiments including control experiments.

Explain the observations made.

text book
Bicarbonate indicator, boiling tubes, Aluminum foil.
Gas jar,
Glass funnel,
Water plant,
Beaker.
text book

K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 48
K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 49

GASEOUS EXCHANGE

Opening & closing of stomata.
Stomata and habitats of plants.
Lenticels.
Respiratory surfaces in animals.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe and explain the mechanism of opening & closing of stomata.

Detailed discussion.

text book
Prepared slides of hydrophytes and xerophytes.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 51

GASEOUS EXCHANGE

Gaseous exchange in protozoa.
Gaseous exchange in insects.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe the mechanism of gaseous exchange in an amoeba.

Q/A: Review diffusion, structure of an amoeba.
Discuss briefly gaseous exchange in and out of amoeba.

text book

K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 53

GASEOUS EXCHANGE

Breathing in insects.
Number, position and shape of spiracles of insects.
Gaseous exchange in a bony fish.
Gaseous exchange in amphibians.
Gaseous exchange in mammals.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe the breathing mechanism in an insect.
To describe the structure of gills of a bony fish.
To explain how a gill is adapted to function as a respiratory surface.
To explain the mechanism of gaseous exchange in gills.

Observe breathing movements of live specimens of grasshoppers, locusts or cockroaches.



Drawing and labeling a gill of a fish; stating the function of each part; and stating how it is adapted to its functions.
Detailed discussion.

Live specimens of insects,
Hand lenses,
Boiling tubes.
Live specimens of insects.

A gill of a fish.
text book
Wall chart- Respiratory system in man.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 56
K.L.B. BOOK 2
PP. 56-57

GASEOUS EXCHANGE

The structure of the lungs.
Inhalation.
Exhalation.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To explain adaptations of the lungs to their functions.

Drawing labeled diagrams coupled with explanations.

Wall charts- Structure of lungs.
Chart / model of a rib cage.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 60-1

GASEOUS EXCHANGE

Thoracic cavity model.
Gaseous exchange in an alveolus.
Rate of breathing in man.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To identify similarities between a model thoracic cavity and an actual thoracic cavity.

Teacher presents a model thoracic cavity.
Q/A: Comparing parts of the model cavity and the actual rib cage.

Thoracic cavity model.
text book

K.L.B. BOOK 2
PP. 61-63

GASEOUS EXCHANGE
GASEOUS EXCHANGE
RESPIRATION

Intercostal muscles.
Inhaled and exhaled air.
Diseases of the respiratory system.
Introduction ? Definition and importance of respiration.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To explain the function of intercostal muscles during the breathing system.

To test for CO2 in the air we inhale/ exhale.

Detailed discussion.
Counting number of inhalations before and after an exercise blow.

Observe colour changes of lime water, and make deductions.
Brief discussion.

Lime water, rib cage model.
Lime water.
Resource person.
text book

K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 66
K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 67

RESPIRATION

Burning food.
The mitochondrion.
Aerobic respiration.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe an experiment investigating the gas given off when food is burnt.

Teacher demonstration: Burning a food sample.
Testing for the gas evolved during combustion.

text book
Wall charts- The mitochond-rion

K.L.B. BK 2
PP. 73-74

RESPIRATION

Anaerobic respiration.
Oxygen ?debt?.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe anaerobic respiration.

Observe set up experiments.
Detailed discussion punctuated with probing questions:

Glucose
Yeast
Thermometer
text book

K.L.B. BK 2
P.77

RESPIRATION
EXCRETION AND HOMEOSTASIS

Applications of anaerobic respiration.
Respiratory substrates & respiratory quotient.
Rate of respiration.
Introduction- Definition and importance of homeostasis and excretion.
Excretion in plants.
Excretion and homeostasis in unicellular organisms.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To explain applications of anaerobic respiration.
To name plants excretory products.
To state uses of excretory products of plants.

Q/A: Products of fermentation process.
Listing down various applications of anaerobic respiration.

Probing questions.
Exposition of new terms.
Discuss uses and abuses of plant excretory products.

text book
Some plants excretory products.
text book

K.L.B. BK 2
P. 79
K.L.B. BK 2
PP. 83-84

EXCRETION AND HOMEOSTASIS

Excretion and homeostasis in animals.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To identify excretory organs in various animals.

Exposition and discussion.
Observe drawings of various animals showing excretory organs.

Specimens of platyhelmin-thes, annelida, insects.

K.L.B. BK 2
P. 85