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Biology
Form 2 2025
TERM II
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WK LSN TOPIC SUB-TOPIC OBJECTIVES T/L ACTIVITIES T/L AIDS REFERENCE REMARKS
1

Opening School and Opener examination

2 2
GASEOUS EXCHANGE
Introduction. Gaseous exchange in plants.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:


To explain importance of gaseous exchange.

To describe gaseous exchange in plants.


Discussion
Explanations

Q/A: Products of respiration.
Detailed discussion.
text book
K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 48
2 3-4
GASEOUS EXCHANGE
Introduction. Gaseous exchange in plants.
Release of CO2 by plants.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:


To explain importance of gaseous exchange.

To describe gaseous exchange in plants.
To describe an experiment to show release of CO2 by plants.


Discussion
Explanations

Q/A: Products of respiration.
Detailed discussion.


Class experiments including control experiments.

Explain the observations made.
text book
Bicarbonate indicator, boiling tubes, Aluminum foil.
K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 48
K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 49
2 5
GASEOUS EXCHANGE
Release of CO2 by plants.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe an experiment to show release of CO2 by plants.
Class experiments including control experiments.

Explain the observations made.
Bicarbonate indicator, boiling tubes, Aluminum foil.
K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 49
2 6
GASEOUS EXCHANGE
Release of O2 by plants.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe an experiment to show release of O2 by plants.
Teacher demonstration: Test for the gas evolved.
Discuss observations.
Gas jar,
Glass funnel,
Water plant,
Beaker.
K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 49
3 1
GASEOUS EXCHANGE
Stomata.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe the structure and explain the functions of stomata.
Detailed discussion.
Drawing diagrams.
text book
K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 51
3 2
GASEOUS EXCHANGE
Opening & closing of stomata.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe and explain the mechanism of opening & closing of stomata.
Detailed discussion.
text book
K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 51
3 3-4
GASEOUS EXCHANGE
Stomata and habitats of plants.
Lenticels.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To relate plant habitats and the no. of stomata.
To explain the variation between number of stomata on the upper and lower face.


To describe and explain the mechanism of lenticels.
Observe number of stomata of prepared slides of hydrophytes and xerophytes.

Discuss the observations.
Detailed discussion.
Prepared slides of hydrophytes and xerophytes.
text book
K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 51
K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 52
3 5
GASEOUS EXCHANGE
Lenticels.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe and explain the mechanism of lenticels.
Detailed discussion.
text book
K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 52
3 6
GASEOUS EXCHANGE
Respiratory surfaces in animals.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To define a respiratory surface.
To state characteristics of respiratory surfaces.
To identify the environment or medium of operation of respiratory surfaces.
Teacher exposes meaning of a respiratory surface.
Discuss at length, giving examples of organisms that have a given respiratory surface.
text book
K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 53
4 1
GASEOUS EXCHANGE
Gaseous exchange in protozoa.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe the mechanism of gaseous exchange in an amoeba.
Q/A: Review diffusion, structure of an amoeba.
Discuss briefly gaseous exchange in and out of amoeba.
text book
K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 53
4 2
GASEOUS EXCHANGE
Gaseous exchange in insects.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe the mechanism of gaseous exchange in insects
Drawing tracheal system of a grasshopper.
Discuss at length the structure of the tracheal system.
Detailed discussion.
text book
K.L.B. BOOK 2
PP. 53, 54
4 3-4
GASEOUS EXCHANGE
Gaseous exchange in insects.
Breathing in insects.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe the mechanism of gaseous exchange in insects
To describe the breathing mechanism in an insect.
Drawing tracheal system of a grasshopper.
Discuss at length the structure of the tracheal system.
Detailed discussion.

Observe breathing movements of live specimens of grasshoppers, locusts or cockroaches.
text book
Live specimens of insects,
Hand lenses,
Boiling tubes.
K.L.B. BOOK 2
PP. 53, 54
K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 56
4 5
GASEOUS EXCHANGE
Breathing in insects.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe the breathing mechanism in an insect.
Observe breathing movements of live specimens of grasshoppers, locusts or cockroaches.
Live specimens of insects,
Hand lenses,
Boiling tubes.
K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 56
4 6
GASEOUS EXCHANGE
Number, position and shape of spiracles of insects.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To give an account of the number, position and shape of spiracles of insects.
Drawing the abdomen and showing the position and shape of spiracles, and giving reasons thereof.
Live specimens of insects.
K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 56
5 1
GASEOUS EXCHANGE
Gaseous exchange in a bony fish.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe the structure of gills of a bony fish.
To explain how a gill is adapted to function as a respiratory surface.
To explain the mechanism of gaseous exchange in gills.
Drawing and labeling a gill of a fish; stating the function of each part; and stating how it is adapted to its functions.
Detailed discussion.
A gill of a fish.
K.L.B. BOOK 2
PP. 56-57
5 2
GASEOUS EXCHANGE
Gaseous exchange in amphibians.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To explain the mechanism of gaseous exchange in a frog.
Q/A: Various methods of gaseous exchange in a frog.
Discuss gaseous exchange through the mouth, lungs and skin of a frog.
text book
K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 58
5 3-4
GASEOUS EXCHANGE
Gaseous exchange in mammals.
The structure of the lungs.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To list down parts of the tracheal system in man.
To describe the function of the parts of a system respiratory.


To explain adaptations of the lungs to their functions.
Discuss at length man?s respiratory system.
Drawing labeled diagrams coupled with explanations.
Wall chart- Respiratory system in man.
Wall charts- Structure of lungs.
K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 59
K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 60-1
5 5
GASEOUS EXCHANGE
The structure of the lungs.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To explain adaptations of the lungs to their functions.
Drawing labeled diagrams coupled with explanations.
Wall charts- Structure of lungs.
K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 60-1
5 6
GASEOUS EXCHANGE
Inhalation.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe the process of inhalation in man.
Showing movements of ribs during inhalation.
Explain the inhalation mechanism.
Chart / model of a rib cage.
K.L.B. BOOK 2
PP. 61-62
6

CAT 1
6 2
GASEOUS EXCHANGE
Exhalation.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe the process of exhalation in man.
Showing movements of ribs during exhalation.
Explain the exhalation mechanism.
Chart / model of a rib cage.
K.L.B. BOOK 2
PP. 61-62
6 3-4
GASEOUS EXCHANGE
Thoracic cavity model.
Gaseous exchange in an alveolus.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To identify similarities between a model thoracic cavity and an actual thoracic cavity.
To describe gaseous exchange in an alveolus.
To explain regulation of breathing in man.
Teacher presents a model thoracic cavity.
Q/A: Comparing parts of the model cavity and the actual rib cage.


Discussion and explanations.
Thoracic cavity model.
text book
K.L.B. BOOK 2
PP. 61-63
K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 64
6 5
GASEOUS EXCHANGE
Rate of breathing in man.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To state and explain briefly factors affecting the rate of inhalation / exhalation processes.
Discussion and explanations.
text book
K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 63
6 6
GASEOUS EXCHANGE
Rate of breathing in man.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To state and explain briefly factors affecting the rate of inhalation / exhalation processes.
Discussion and explanations.
text book
K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 63
7 1
GASEOUS EXCHANGE
Intercostal muscles.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To explain the function of intercostal muscles during the breathing system.
Detailed discussion.
Counting number of inhalations before and after an exercise blow.

Lime water, rib cage model.
K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 66
7 2
GASEOUS EXCHANGE
Intercostal muscles.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To explain the function of intercostal muscles during the breathing system.
Detailed discussion.
Counting number of inhalations before and after an exercise blow.

Lime water, rib cage model.
K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 66
7 3-4
GASEOUS EXCHANGE
Inhaled and exhaled air.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To test for CO2 in the air we inhale/ exhale.
Observe colour changes of lime water, and make deductions.
Brief discussion.
Lime water.
K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 67
7 5
GASEOUS EXCHANGE
Diseases of the respiratory system.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To state the causes, symptoms and prevention of respiratory diseases.
Discuss cause, symptoms and prevention of whooping cough TB, bronchitis, etc.
Resource person.
K.L.B. BOOK 2
PP. 67-70
7 6
EXCRETION AND HOMEOSTASIS
Introduction- Definition and importance of homeostasis and excretion.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:


To define homeostasis and excretion.
To explain necessity of excretion in plants and animals.


Q/A: Definitions of digestion, ingestion and egestion, secretion and excretion.

Discuss importance of excretion in plants and animals.
text book
K.L.B. BK 2
PP. 83-84
8

Midterm examinations

9

Midterm break

10 1
EXCRETION AND HOMEOSTASIS
Excretion in plants.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To name plants excretory products.
To state uses of excretory products of plants.
Probing questions.
Exposition of new terms.
Discuss uses and abuses of plant excretory products.
Some plants excretory products.
K.L.B. BK 2
PP. 83-84
10 2
EXCRETION AND HOMEOSTASIS
Excretion in plants.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To name plants excretory products.
To state uses of excretory products of plants.
Probing questions.
Exposition of new terms.
Discuss uses and abuses of plant excretory products.
Some plants excretory products.
K.L.B. BK 2
PP. 83-84
10 3-4
EXCRETION AND HOMEOSTASIS
Excretion and homeostasis in unicellular organisms.
Excretion and homeostasis in animals.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe excretion and homeostasis in an amoeba and a paramecium.
To identify excretory organs in various animals.
Q/A: Review diffusion, structure of an amoeba.
Discuss excretion and homeostasis in an amoeba and a paramecium.

Exposition and discussion.
Observe drawings of various animals showing excretory organs.
text book
Specimens of platyhelmin-thes, annelida, insects.
K.L.B. BK 2
PP. 84-85
K.L.B. BK 2
P. 85
10 5
EXCRETION AND HOMEOSTASIS
Excretion and homeostasis in animals.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To identify excretory organs in various animals.
Exposition and discussion.
Observe drawings of various animals showing excretory organs.
Specimens of platyhelmin-thes, annelida, insects.
K.L.B. BK 2
P. 85
10 6
EXCRETION AND HOMEOSTASIS
Excretion and homeostasis in animals.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To identify excretory organs in various animals.
Exposition and discussion.
Observe drawings of various animals showing excretory organs.
Specimens of platyhelmin-thes, annelida, insects.
K.L.B. BK 2
P. 85
11 1
EXCRETION AND HOMEOSTASIS
The mammalian skin.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Draw and label the structure of the mammalian skin.
To describe functions of parts of the mammalian skin.
Permanent slides of mammalian skin.
K.L.B. BK 2
PP. 86-87
11 2
EXCRETION AND HOMEOSTASIS
The lungs.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To explain the role of lungs as excretory organs.
Exposition and discussion.
Chart/ model- Mammalian lungs.
K.L.B. BK 2
P. 87
11 3-4
EXCRETION AND HOMEOSTASIS
The lungs.
The kidneys structure.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To explain the role of lungs as excretory organs.

To describe the external structure of kidney.
To describe the internal structure of the kidney.
Exposition and discussion.
Observe external features of a kidney.
Observe internal drawing and labeling of the kidney.
Chart/ model- Mammalian lungs.

Wall-Charts?internal organs of a kidney.
K.L.B. BK 2
P. 87
K.L.B. BK 2
PP. 89-90
11 5
EXCRETION AND HOMEOSTASIS
The nephron.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe features of the nephron.
Discuss features of the nephron.
Draw structure of the nephron.
Label the diagram.
Chart?Kidney nephron.
11 6
EXCRETION AND HOMEOSTASIS
The nephron.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe features of the nephron.
Discuss features of the nephron.
Draw structure of the nephron.
Label the diagram.
Chart?Kidney nephron.
12 1
EXCRETION AND HOMEOSTASIS
Urine formation.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To explain formation of urine.
Detailed discussion.
chart
K.L.B. BK 2 PP 90
12 2
EXCRETION AND HOMEOSTASIS
The loop of Henle.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To explain the function of the loop of Henle; and how it?s adapted to its function.
To discuss the role of ADH in determination of concentration of urine.
Discussion and explanations.

Probing questions.
Chart-
The nephron.
K.L.B. BK 2 PP 91-92
12 3-4
EXCRETION AND HOMEOSTASIS
Kidney diseases and disorders.
The Liver.
Deamination.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To name kidney diseases and disorders and state methods of prevention and / treatment.
To draw and label a diagram of the liver.
Discussion and Explanations.
Drawing and labeling diagram of the liver.
text book
Chart-Structure of the liver
text book
K.L.B. BK 2 PP 92
K.L.B. BK 2 PP 93-94
12 5
EXCRETION AND HOMEOSTASIS
Other functions of the liver.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To state and explain other functions of the liver.
Probing questions.
Discussion
text book
K.L.B. BK 2 PP 95-96
12 6
EXCRETION AND HOMEOSTASIS
Liver disorders.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To name and discuss kidney disorders.
To identify methods of preventing and treating these disorders.
Exposition and discussion.
text book
K.L.B. BK 2 PP 96-97
13

End of term 1 exams

14

Closing of School

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