GAS LAWS

Boyle?s law.
Boyle?s law: - Equation and graphical representation.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:


State Boyle?s law.
Explain Boyle?s law using kinetic theory of matter.

Teacher demonstration ? Use syringes / pumps to show variation of volume with pressure.
Teacher asks probing questions leading to statement of the law.
Discuss the cause of build-up-in pressure.

Chart
Volume-pressure relationship.
Syringes.
chart

K.L.B. BK III
PP. 1-2

Longhorn Book III
PP 1 -2

GAS LAWS

Boyle?s law: Numerical questions.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Solve further problems involving Boyle?s law.

Supervised exercise: Volume in cm?, m?, litres, and pressure in Pa, mmHg, cmHg, atmospheres.
Assignment.

Calculators.

K.L.B. BK III
PP. 4-5
Longhorn Book III PP 6-8

GAS LAWS

Boyle?s law: Interpretation of graphs.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Plot and intepret graphs involving pressure and volume of gases.

Completing tables and plotting graphs.
Interpret the plotted graphs.
Make deductions from the graphs.

Graph papers.

K.L.B.
BK III
PP. 4-5

GAS LAWS

Charles? law.
Temperature in Degree Celsius and Kelvin. Equation and graphs from Charles? law.
Charles? law- equation and graphical representation.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

State Charles? law.
Explain Charles? law using kinetic theory of matter.
Convert temperature in degree Celsius to Kelvin and vice-versa.

Teacher demonstration:- To show expansion of air when heated and contraction when pressure is constant.
Explain increase in volume when temperature is raised.
Q/A: - relation between volume and temperature, leading to Charles? law.
Teacher explains inter-conversion of the units.
Students complete a table of temperature in the two units.

Coloured water,
Glass tube,
Warm water,
Cork and
Flask.
student book

.K.L.B.
BK III P. 6

Longhorn Book III PP 9-11

K.L.B.
BK III P. 10

Longhorn Book III P 11

GAS LAWS

Numerical questions on Charles? Law.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Solve numerical problems based on Charles? Law.

Worked examples.
Supervised exercise.

Assignment.

Calculators.

K.L.B.
BK III P. 12

Longhorn Book III PP 12-14

GAS LAWS

Combined Gas Law.
Standard conditions, S.T.P. conditions and R.T.P. conditions.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Derive the Gas Law.
Derive the combined gas law equation.
Solve numerical problems using the equation.

Q/A: - Combining Boyle?s and Charles? Laws.
Worked examples.

Calculators.
student book

K.L.B.
BK III P. 12

Longhorn Book III PP 14-16

GAS LAWS

Diffusion.
Rates of diffusion.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Define diffusion.
Describe experiments to show diffusion.

Group experiments.
Diffusion of KMnO4 crystals, concentrated ammonia solution.

KMnO4 crystals,
Litmus papers.
student book

K.L.B. BK III
PP. 14-15

Longhorn Book III P 19

GAS LAWS
THE MOLE

Graham?s Law.
Mole, molar mass and R.A.M.
Number of moles in a substance.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Carry out numerical tasks.
Define the term mole as a quantity of measurement.
Relate the mole to R.A.M and molar mass.

Solve problems involving RMM, equal volumes of the gases involved.
Supervised practice.
Assignment.
Discuss various analogies that lead to the definition of the mole.
Expose the meaning of R.A.M., Avogadro?s constant and molar mass.

Calculators
Chart- table of molar masses of elements.
student book

K.L.B. BK III
PP. 24-26

Longhorn Book III PP 22-24

K.L.B. BK III
PP. 27-31
Longhorn
Book III
PP 34-35

THE MOLE

Relative molecular mass & Relative formula mass.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define relative molecular mass.
Calculate RMM of a compound.

Q/A: - Review formulae of compounds.
Complete a table of compounds and their molecular / formula mass.

Calculators.

K.L.B.BK III
PP. 34-35

Longhorn Book III PP 44-60

THE MOLE

Moles and Avogadro?s number.
Empirical Formula.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Calculate number of particles in a given number of moles.

Review standard form of numbers.
Worked examples.
Supervised exercise.

Calculators.
student book

K.L.B.BK III
PP. 3132
Longhorn
Book III
PP 30-31

THE MOLE

Molecular formula.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define molecular formula of a compound.
Find molecular formula given percentage composition of a compound by mass.

Worked examples.

Supervised practice.

Calculators.

K.L.B.BK III
P. 45

Longhorn
Book III
PP 73-75

THE MOLE

Concentration of a solution.
Molarity of a solution.
Preparation of molar solutions.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define concentration of a solution.
Find concentration of a solution in grams/litre and moles/litre.

Define molarity of a solution.
Find molarity of a solution in M/dm?

Q/A: - Equivalent ratios, e.g. 4g dissolved in 500cm? and
8g in 1 litre.
Worked examples on concentration of solutions.

Teacher explains that molarity of a solution is given in moles of the solute per litre.
Worked examples.
Supervised exercise.

chart
student book
Volumetric flasks, teat droppers/wash bottle.
Sodium hydrogen pellets.
Weighing balance.

K.L.B. BK III
PP. 46-48

Longhorn Book III PP 76-81

K.L.B. BK III
PP. 48-49

Longhorn
Book III
PP 76-81

THE MOLE

Calculators on molar solutions.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Solve numerical calculations on molar solutions.
Problems on molar solutions.

Worked examples.
Supervised exercise.
Assignment.

student book

K.L.B. BK III
P 51
Longhorn Book III PP 76-81

THE MOLE

Dilution of solutions.
Stoichiometry of a chemical reaction.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Calculate molarity of a solution after dilution.

Group experiments.
Calculations.

student book
CuSO4 solution and iron metal.

K.L.B. BK III
PP. 76-81

THE MOLE

Stoichiometric equations.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To define a stoichiometric equation.

To write stoichiometric equations of the above reactions.

student book

K.L.B. BK III
Longhorn Book III PP 14-16
PP. 88-93

THE MOLE
Volumetric Analysis.

Stoichiometric equations of various reactions.
Apparatus used in titration experiments.
Titration process.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To investigate and determine Stoichiometric equations of various reactions.
To use and read a pipette and a burette.

Class experiments.

Problem solving.
Discussion and practical use of the apparatus.
Emphasis is laid on need to sterilize the apparatus after use.

student book
Pipettes
Burettes.
Indicators
Suitable acid and base.

K.L.B. BK III
P. 62
K.L.B. BK III
PP. 63-64
Longhorn
Book III
PP 104-8

Volumetric Analysis.

Titration experiment (Neutralization reaction)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To carry out a titration experiment and obtain accurate results.

Class experiments: - To neutralize HCl with NaOH solution.
Fill in a table of results.
Find the average base used.

student book

K.L.B. BK III
P. 66

Longhorn Book III PP 108-114

Volumetric Analysis.

Titration experiment (Neutralization reaction)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To carry out calculations from experimental results.

Step-by-step calculations.

Calculators.

K.L.B. BK III
P 66
Longhorn Book III PP 108-114

Volumetric Analysis.

Basicity of an acid.
Standardization of HCl.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To define basicity of an acid.

Complete a table of number of replaceable hydrogen ions of an acid; hence define basicity of an acid.
Write corresponding ionic equations.

student book
Dilute HCl, Na2CO3 solutions.

K.L.B. BK III
P. 73

Volumetric Analysis.

Concentration of HCl.
Redox Titration Reactions.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To calculate concentration of HCl from experimental results.
To standardize a solution with an iron (II) salt.

Calculations & supervised practice.
Experiment and calculations.

Potassium Magnate
(VII)

K.L.B. BK III
PP. 74-75
K.L.B. BK III
PP. 74-75

Longhorn
Book III
PP 114-115

Volumetric Analysis.

Water of crystallization.
Formula mass of ammonium iron (II) sulphate.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To determine amount of water of crystallization in ammonium iron sulphate crystals.

Teacher exposes the formula of water of crystallization.
Class experiment.
Filling in a table of results.

Ammonium
Iron (II)
Sulphate crystals.
Dilute sulphuric (VI) acid.
student book

K.L.B. BK III
P. 76

Volumetric Analysis.

Formula mass of a given salt.
Atomicity of gases.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To solve numerical problems involving water of crystallization.

Problem solving from sample results.

student book

K.L.B. BK III
P.77

Volumetric Analysis.

Mass and volume of gases.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To determine mass and volume of gases.

Teacher demonstration: - Determining mass of known volumes of oxygen / CO2.

Lubricated syringes
Oxygen/
CO2.

K.L.B. BK III
P. 81
Longhorn BK III
PP 126-127

Volumetric Analysis.

Molar gas volume.
Combining volumes of gases.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To define molar gas volume.

Use the above results to describe volume of one mole of a gas.
Discuss molar gas volume at R.T.P and S.T.P conditions.

student book

K.L.B. BK III
79 ? 80
Longhorn
Book III
PP 126-127

Volumetric Analysis.
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY (I)

Gay Lussac?s Law.
Hydrocarbons.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To state Gay Lussac?s Law.
To compare Gay Lussac?s Law with Avogadro?s Law.
To solve numericals using Gay Lussac?s Law.
To define organic Chemistry.
To define a hydrocarbon.
To identify groups of hydrocarbons.
To describe the carbon atom.

Teacher exposes the law; and compares it with Gay Lussac?s Law.
Worked examples.
Supervised practice.
Discuss composition of the carbon atom; hence deduce number of valence electrons.
Exposition of new terms.

student book

K.L.B. BK III
P. 85

Longhorn
Book III
PP 129-131

K.L.B. BK III
P. 92
Longhorn
Book III
P 135

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY (I)

Alkanes.
Naming Alkanes.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To identify various alkanes.
To list sources of alkanes.
To state uses of different fractions of crude oil.
To define cracking of alkanes.

Expose various alkanes.
Discuss the biomass digester, fractional distillation of crude oil and uses of the fractions.
Discuss the cracking process.

Chart of biomass digester.
student book

K.L.B. BK III
PP. 93-94

Longhorn
Book III
PP 135-6

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY (I)

Members of Alkane series.
Isomerism in alkanes.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To name members of alkane series and identify their characteristics.
To draw the structures of alkane series.

Discussion and exposition of new concepts.

Chart- structure of alkanes.
Models.

K.L.B. BK III
PP. 97-99

Longhorn Book III
PP 137-9

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY (I)

Laboratory preparation of a given alkane.
Trend in physical properties of alkanes.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe laboratory preparation of a given alkane.
To state physical properties of the gases prepared.

Teacher demonstration.
Discussion.

Sodium ethanoate, sodalime,
Pestle and mortar.
student book

K.L.B. BK III
P. 103

Longhorn
Book III
PP 146

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY (I)

Chemical properties of alkanes.
Substitution reactions involving alkanes. Uses of alkanes.
Alkenes. Molecular formulae of alkenes.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe chemical properties of alkanes.
To describe substitution reactions involving alkanes.

To list down uses of alkanes.

Discussion
Examples of balanced equations.
Discussion


Teacher elucidates uses of alkanes.

student book

K.L.B. BK III
P. 107
Longhorn
Book III
PP 148-9

K.L.B. BK III
P. 108

Longhorn
Book III
PP 149-50

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY (I)

Naming alkenes.
Alkene isomerism.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To name various alkenes.

Q/Q: Nomenclature in alkenes.
Compare alkenes; hence deduce names of various alkenes.

student book

K.L.B. BK III
PP. 110-113
Longhorn
Book III
PP 154-6

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY (I)

Preparing ethene in the lab.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe lab preparation of ethene.

Teacher demonstration: - Carry out tests on ethene as students note down the observations in a table.

chart

K.L.B. BK III
P 162

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY (I)

Physical properties of ethene.
Chemical properties of ethene.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe physical properties of ethene and other alkenes.

To discuss physical properties of ethene and other alkenes.

student book
charts

K.L.B. BK III
PP. 116-117
Longhorn Book III
PP 126-129
165-6

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY (I)

Alkenes and oxidizing agents.
Uses of alkenes & Topic review.
Alkynes. Nomenclature.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe reactions of alkenes with oxidizing agents.
To identify various alkynes.
To name and draw structures of alkynes.

Review the double bonds in alkenes.
Review reduction process, oxidizing agent.
Discuss reactions of alkenes with conc. H2SO4, acidified potassium chromate.
Expose hydrolysis process.


Discuss a table of members of alkynes.
Review naming of alkanes and alkene and compare this with naming of alkynes.

charts

K.L.B. BK III
PP. 120-121


Longhorn
Book III
PP 166-8

K.L.B. BK III
P. 122-123
Longhorn
Book III
PP 126-129 171-5

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY (I)

Isomerism in alkynes.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To draw structure showing positional and branching isomerism.

Discussion and drawing structures.

charts

K.L.B. BK III
PP. 124-125
Longhorn
Book III
PP 176-8

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY (I)

Physical properties of ethyne.
Chemical properties of ethyne.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To list down physical properties of ethyne.

Teacher demonstration: Preparation of ethyne.
Deduce properties of other alkynes.

charts

K.L.B. BK III
PP. 125-126
Longhorn
Book III
PP 197-80

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY (I)

Tests for alkynes. Uses of alkynes.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe tests for alkynes and state uses of alkynes.

Discussion and explanations.

Assignment.

charts

K.L.B. BK III
P.130

Longhorn Book III
PP 180-84