TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Pumping mechanism of the heart.
Pulse rate.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To differentiate between systolic and diastolic heart movements.


Explain the origin of pulse.
Explain effect of exercise on pulse rate.

Discussion and Explanations.
Experiment- To investigate pulse rate at the wrist.


Record number of pulses before and after an exercise.
Brief discussion.

Stopwatches.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
Pages 23 - 24
K.L.B. BOOK 2
Pages 30 - 31

TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Structure of arteries. Major arteries.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe the structure of arteries.

To identify major arteries in the circulatory system.

Discussion
Drawing and labeling internal structure of an artery.

Chart- cross-section of an artery.
Chart-circulatory system.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
Page 25

TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Veins.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe the structure of veins.
To explain the need for valves in veins.
To state differences between veins and arteries.

Drawing and labeling diagram of an artery.
Discussion and explanations.

Chart-
cross-sections of major blood vessels in the body.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
Pages 27-29

TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Capillaries.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe the structure of capillaries.
To explain the role of capillaries in transport

Discussion and explanations.

text book

K.L.B. BOOK 2
Pages 25-26

TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Diseases and defects of the circulatory system.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To discuss various diseases and defects of the circulatory system.

Discussion of various diseases and defects of the circulatory system.
Suggest methods of prevention and control.

text book

K.L.B. BOOK 2
Pages 31 - 32

TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Composition of blood. The plasma.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To state the constituents of blood plasma.
To identify functions of plasma.

Detailed discussion and explanations.

text book

K.L.B. BOOK 2
Pages 32 - 33

TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Red blood cells.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To state the functions of red blood cells.
To explain the functions of haemoglobin in r.b.c.

Detailed discussion and explanations.

Wall charts.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
Pages 33 - 34

TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

White blood cells.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe the structure of white blood cells.
To state functions of white blood cells.

Detailed discussion and explanations.

text book

K.L.B. BOOK 2
Pages 34 - 35

TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Platelets.
Blood clotting.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe the structure of platelets.
To state functions of platelets.
To describe the blood clotting process.

To explain importance of blood clotting.

Detailed discussion and explanations.
Exposition of new concepts.
Detailed discussion.

text book
Blood smear, microscope.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
Page 35
K.L.B. BOOK 2
Page 36

TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Blood groups, Antigens and antibodies.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To identify the four blood groups.
To identify compatible blood groups.

Completing a table of blood groups and the corresponding antigens and antibodies present.

Chart-
blood groups, antigens and antibodies.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
Pages

TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Blood transfusion.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To define blood transfusion.
To identify compatible blood groups.
To identify the universal donor and universal recipient.

Q/A: Identifying compatible blood groups.
Open discussion.
Completing a table of compatible blood groups.

Blood transfusion resource person.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
Pages 30 - 31

TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

The Rhesus factor.
Lymph.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe the Rhesus factor and its significance.

Review blood groups, antigens and antibodies.
Exposition, discussion and explanations.

text book
Chart- the lymphatic system.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
Page 38

TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Immune responses.
Allergic reactions.
Organ transplant.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To differentiate between natural and acquired immunity.
To explain the role of vaccines in immune responses.

To identify organs that are normally transplanted.

Detailed explanations and open discussion.
To explain the role of vaccination / immunization.
Open discussion on HIV / AIDS.

Q/A: Organs transplanted.

Superficial discussion.

Topic review.

Chart- Diseases that children are immunized against;
Resource person.
text book

K.L.B. BOOK 2
Pages 40 - 41
K.L.B. BOOK 2
Page 43

GASEOUS EXCHANGE

Introduction. Gaseous exchange in plants.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:


To explain importance of gaseous exchange.

To describe gaseous exchange in plants.

Discussion
Explanations

Q/A: Products of respiration.
Detailed discussion.

text book

K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 48

GASEOUS EXCHANGE

Release of CO2 by plants.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe an experiment to show release of CO2 by plants.

Class experiments including control experiments.

Explain the observations made.

Bicarbonate indicator, boiling tubes, Aluminum foil.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 49

GASEOUS EXCHANGE

Release of O2 by plants.
Stomata.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe an experiment to show release of O2 by plants.

Teacher demonstration: Test for the gas evolved.
Discuss observations.

Gas jar,
Glass funnel,
Water plant,
Beaker.
text book

K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 49

GASEOUS EXCHANGE

Opening & closing of stomata.
Stomata and habitats of plants.
Lenticels.
Respiratory surfaces in animals.
Gaseous exchange in protozoa.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe and explain the mechanism of opening & closing of stomata.


To describe and explain the mechanism of lenticels.

Detailed discussion.

text book
Prepared slides of hydrophytes and xerophytes.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 51
K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 52

GASEOUS EXCHANGE

Gaseous exchange in insects.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe the mechanism of gaseous exchange in insects

Drawing tracheal system of a grasshopper.
Discuss at length the structure of the tracheal system.
Detailed discussion.

text book

K.L.B. BOOK 2
PP. 53, 54

GASEOUS EXCHANGE

Gaseous exchange in insects.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe the mechanism of gaseous exchange in insects

Drawing tracheal system of a grasshopper.
Discuss at length the structure of the tracheal system.
Detailed discussion.

text book

K.L.B. BOOK 2
PP. 53, 54

GASEOUS EXCHANGE

Breathing in insects.
Number, position and shape of spiracles of insects.
Gaseous exchange in a bony fish.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe the breathing mechanism in an insect.

Observe breathing movements of live specimens of grasshoppers, locusts or cockroaches.

Live specimens of insects,
Hand lenses,
Boiling tubes.
Live specimens of insects.

A gill of a fish.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 56

GASEOUS EXCHANGE

Gaseous exchange in amphibians.
Gaseous exchange in mammals.
The structure of the lungs.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To explain the mechanism of gaseous exchange in a frog.
To explain adaptations of the lungs to their functions.

Q/A: Various methods of gaseous exchange in a frog.
Discuss gaseous exchange through the mouth, lungs and skin of a frog.

Drawing labeled diagrams coupled with explanations.

text book
Wall chart- Respiratory system in man.
Wall charts- Structure of lungs.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 58
K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 60-1

GASEOUS EXCHANGE

Inhalation.
Exhalation.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe the process of inhalation in man.

Showing movements of ribs during inhalation.
Explain the inhalation mechanism.

Chart / model of a rib cage.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
PP. 61-62

GASEOUS EXCHANGE

Thoracic cavity model.
Gaseous exchange in an alveolus.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To identify similarities between a model thoracic cavity and an actual thoracic cavity.

Teacher presents a model thoracic cavity.
Q/A: Comparing parts of the model cavity and the actual rib cage.

Thoracic cavity model.
text book

K.L.B. BOOK 2
PP. 61-63

GASEOUS EXCHANGE

Rate of breathing in man.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To state and explain briefly factors affecting the rate of inhalation / exhalation processes.

Discussion and explanations.

text book

K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 63

GASEOUS EXCHANGE

Intercostal muscles.
Inhaled and exhaled air.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To explain the function of intercostal muscles during the breathing system.

To test for CO2 in the air we inhale/ exhale.

Detailed discussion.
Counting number of inhalations before and after an exercise blow.

Observe colour changes of lime water, and make deductions.
Brief discussion.

Lime water, rib cage model.
Lime water.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 66
K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 67

GASEOUS EXCHANGE
RESPIRATION

Diseases of the respiratory system.
Introduction ? Definition and importance of respiration.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To state the causes, symptoms and prevention of respiratory diseases.

Discuss cause, symptoms and prevention of whooping cough TB, bronchitis, etc.

Resource person.
text book

K.L.B. BOOK 2
PP. 67-70

RESPIRATION

Burning food.
The mitochondrion.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe an experiment investigating the gas given off when food is burnt.

Teacher demonstration: Burning a food sample.
Testing for the gas evolved during combustion.

text book
Wall charts- The mitochond-rion

K.L.B. BK 2
PP. 73-74

RESPIRATION

Aerobic respiration.
Anaerobic respiration.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To explain phases of aerobic respiration.
To state difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration.

Detailed discussion.
Writing down equations of food breakdown.

text book
Glucose
Yeast
Thermometer

K.L.B. BK 2
PP.74-76

RESPIRATION

Oxygen ?debt?.
Applications of anaerobic respiration.
Respiratory substrates & respiratory quotient.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To explain the term ?oxygen debt?.
To explain the effect of ?oxygen debt? on the amount of energy released during respiration.

To explain applications of anaerobic respiration.

Probing questions.

Detailed discussion.
Q/A: Products of fermentation process.
Listing down various applications of anaerobic respiration.

text book

K.L.B. BK 2
P.78
K.L.B. BK 2
P. 79

RESPIRATION
EXCRETION AND HOMEOSTASIS

Rate of respiration.
Introduction- Definition and importance of homeostasis and excretion.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To state and explain factors affecting rate of respiration.

Detailed discussion and explanations.

text book

K.L.B. BK 2
PP. 80-81

EXCRETION AND HOMEOSTASIS

Excretion in plants.
Excretion and homeostasis in unicellular organisms.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To name plants excretory products.
To state uses of excretory products of plants.

Probing questions.
Exposition of new terms.
Discuss uses and abuses of plant excretory products.

Some plants excretory products.
text book

K.L.B. BK 2
PP. 83-84

EXCRETION AND HOMEOSTASIS

Excretion and homeostasis in animals.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To identify excretory organs in various animals.

Exposition and discussion.
Observe drawings of various animals showing excretory organs.

Specimens of platyhelmin-thes, annelida, insects.

K.L.B. BK 2
P. 85

EXCRETION AND HOMEOSTASIS

The mammalian skin.
The lungs.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Draw and label the structure of the mammalian skin.
To describe functions of parts of the mammalian skin.

To explain the role of lungs as excretory organs.

Exposition and discussion.

Permanent slides of mammalian skin.


Chart/ model- Mammalian lungs.

K.L.B. BK 2
PP. 86-87
K.L.B. BK 2
P. 87

EXCRETION AND HOMEOSTASIS

The kidneys structure.
The nephron.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe the external structure of kidney.
To describe the internal structure of the kidney.

Observe external features of a kidney.
Observe internal drawing and labeling of the kidney.

Wall-Charts?internal organs of a kidney.
Chart?Kidney nephron.

K.L.B. BK 2
PP. 89-90

EXCRETION AND HOMEOSTASIS

Urine formation.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To explain formation of urine.

Detailed discussion.

chart

K.L.B. BK 2 PP 90

EXCRETION AND HOMEOSTASIS

The loop of Henle.
Kidney diseases and disorders.
The Liver.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To explain the function of the loop of Henle; and how it?s adapted to its function.
To discuss the role of ADH in determination of concentration of urine.

Discussion and explanations.

Probing questions.

Chart-
The nephron.
text book
Chart-Structure of the liver

K.L.B. BK 2 PP 91-92

EXCRETION AND HOMEOSTASIS

Deamination.
Other functions of the liver.
Liver disorders.
Homeostasis.
The feedback mechanism.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To explain the function of the liver in deamination.
To define the concepts of internal environment and homeostasis.

Probing questions.

Discussion
Exposition and discussion.

text book
text book
Chart-
Schematic diagram of feedback mechanism

K.L.B. BK 2 PP 95
K.L.B. BK 2 PP 97-98

EXCRETION AND HOMEOSTASIS

The hypothalamus.
The skin and thermoregulation.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To explain the role of hypothalamus in thermoregulation.

Exposition and detailed discussion.

text book

K.L.B. BK 2 PP 98

EXCRETION AND HOMEOSTASIS

Blood vessels and their functions in thermo-regulation.
Homeostatic behavioral activities.
Osmoregulation.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To explain the adaptation of blood vessels and their function in thermo-regulation.

Exposition and discussion.
Drawing schematic diagrams.

text book
text book,video

K.L.B. BK 2 PP 98-99

EXCRETION AND HOMEOSTASIS

Blood sugar.
Diabetes.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To discuss effects of insufficient/ excess sugar in the blood.

To explain regulation of blood sugar.

Detailed discussion.



Detailed discussion.

text book

K.L.B. BK 2 PP 101-102