MATTER

Change in state of matter - Introduction to change of state

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-identify the changes of state when substances are heated or cooled
-explain what causes changes in states of matter
-appreciate the applications of change of state in day to day life

The learner is guided to:
-use relevant textbooks or digital devices to find out what state of matter means
-discuss how cooking fat, water, and ice change their states
-identify what causes changes in states of matter

What causes changes in states of matter?

Oxford Everyday Science and Technology Learner's Book pg 52
- Relevant textbooks
- Digital devices

- oral questions -written questions

MATTER

Change in state of matter - Change of state when solids are heated

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-identify the changes of state when solids are heated
-explain the terms melting and sublimation
-appreciate the applications of change of state in day to day life

The learner is guided to:
-put ice cubes in a sufuria or pan and heat them
-repeat the process with cooking fat, candle wax, and naphthalene
-observe and record their observations in a table

What happens when solids are heated?

Oxford Everyday Science and Technology Learner's Book pg 52
- Ice cubes
- Cooking fat/candle wax
- Naphthalene
- Sufuria/cooking pan
- Source of heat

- oral questions -observation

MATTER

Change in state of matter - Change of state when solids are heated

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-identify the changes of state when solids are heated
-explain the terms melting and sublimation
-appreciate the applications of change of state in day to day life

The learner is guided to:
-put ice cubes in a sufuria or pan and heat them
-repeat the process with cooking fat, candle wax, and naphthalene
-observe and record their observations in a table

What happens when solids are heated?

Oxford Everyday Science and Technology Learner's Book pg 52
- Ice cubes
- Cooking fat/candle wax
- Naphthalene
- Sufuria/cooking pan
- Source of heat

- oral questions -observation

MATTER

Change in state of matter - Change of state when liquids are heated

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-identify the changes of state when liquids are heated
-explain the term evaporation
-appreciate the applications of change of state in day to day life

The learner is guided to:
-put water in a sufuria and heat it to boiling
-observe and record what happens
-discuss the change of state that takes place when water is heated

What happens when liquids are heated?

Oxford Everyday Science and Technology Learner's Book pg 53
- Water in a bottle
- Small sufuria
- Source of heat

- oral questions -observation

MATTER

Change in state of matter - Change of state when gases are cooled

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-identify the changes of state when gases are cooled
-explain the term condensation
-appreciate the applications of change of state in day to day life

The learner is guided to:
-set up an experiment with a kettle, suspended bottle with cold water, and a small tin
-observe what happens on the surface of the bottle and in the tin as water boils
-discuss the change of state when water vapor is cooled

What happens when gases are cooled?

Oxford Everyday Science and Technology Learner's Book pg 54
- Water in a kettle
- Bottle with cold water
- Small tin or cup
- Thread
- Stand
- Source of heat

- oral questions -observation

MATTER

Change in state of matter - Change of state when vapors are cooled

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-identify the changes of state when vapors are cooled
-explain the term deposition
-appreciate the applications of change of state in day to day life

The learner is guided to:
-set up an experiment with naphthalene, a sufuria, a glass plate with cold water
-observe what happens under the plate
-discuss the change of state that takes place when naphthalene vapor is cooled

What happens when vapors are cooled?

Oxford Everyday Science and Technology Learner's Book pg 54
- Small sufuria
- Cold water
- Glass plate
- Naphthalene
- Source of heat

- oral questions -observation

MATTER

Change in state of matter - Change of state when liquids are cooled

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-identify the changes of state when liquids are cooled
-explain the terms solidification and freezing
-appreciate the applications of change of state in day to day life

The learner is guided to:
-set up an experiment with wax or cooking fat, a sufuria, and a basin with cold water
-heat the wax until it melts then cool it in cold water
-observe and record what happens
-discuss the change when liquid wax is cooled

What happens when liquids are cooled?

Oxford Everyday Science and Technology Learner's Book pg 55
- Small sufuria
- Basin
- Cold water
- Wax or cooking fat
- Source of heat

- oral questions -observation

MATTER

Change in state of matter - Change of state when liquids are cooled

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-identify the changes of state when liquids are cooled
-explain the terms solidification and freezing
-appreciate the applications of change of state in day to day life

The learner is guided to:
-set up an experiment with wax or cooking fat, a sufuria, and a basin with cold water
-heat the wax until it melts then cool it in cold water
-observe and record what happens
-discuss the change when liquid wax is cooled

What happens when liquids are cooled?

Oxford Everyday Science and Technology Learner's Book pg 55
- Small sufuria
- Basin
- Cold water
- Wax or cooking fat
- Source of heat

- oral questions -observation

MATTER

Change in state of matter - Digital observation of state changes

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-identify the changes of state when substances are heated or cooled
-draw diagrams showing changes of state
-appreciate the applications of change of state in day to day life

The learner is guided to:
-watch a video on changes of states of matter
-discuss what happens when different matter is heated or cooled
-draw diagrams to show what they watched in the video

How can we represent changes in states of matter?

Oxford Everyday Science and Technology Learner's Book pg 55
- Computer/laptop
- Flash disk with videos
- Drawing materials

- observation -oral questions

MATTER

Change in state of matter - States of matter diagram

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-identify the changes of state when substances are heated or cooled
-draw diagrams showing changes of state
-appreciate the applications of change of state in day to day life

The learner is guided to:
-discuss the meaning of state of matter
-study a diagram showing changes in states of matter
-identify which processes require temperature increase or decrease

How are states of matter related?

Oxford Everyday Science and Technology Learner's Book pg 56
- Chart showing states of matter
- Drawing materials

- oral questions -written questions

MATTER

Change in state of matter - Application in water drying

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-describe the applications of the change of state of matter in everyday life
-identify examples of evaporation in daily activities
-appreciate the applications of change of state in day to day life

The learner is guided to:
-observe pictures showing applications of changes of state
-identify which change of state is taking place
-discuss the importance of evaporation in drying grains and clothes

How is change of state of matter important in day to day life?

Oxford Everyday Science and Technology Learner's Book pg 57
- Pictures showing applications of state changes

- oral questions -written questions

MATTER

Change in state of matter - Application in ice making

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-describe the applications of the change of state of matter in everyday life
-explain the process of making ice cubes
-appreciate the applications of change of state in day to day life

The learner is guided to:
-read about making ice cubes
-identify what change of state takes place when making ice cubes
-determine whether the change in state involves heating or cooling

How are ice cubes made?

Oxford Everyday Science and Technology Learner's Book pg 57-58
- Pictures of cooler box and ice-cube tray

- oral questions -written questions

MATTER

Change in state of matter - Water cycle

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-describe the applications of the change of state of matter in everyday life
-explain how the water cycle works
-appreciate the applications of change of state in day to day life

The learner is guided to:
-study a picture of the water cycle
-discuss what a water cycle is
-identify the importance of the water cycle
-determine what changes in state are involved in the water cycle

What changes of state occur in the water cycle?

Oxford Everyday Science and Technology Learner's Book pg 58
- Diagram of water cycle
- Digital devices with internet

- oral questions -written questions

MATTER

Change in state of matter - Water cycle

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-describe the applications of the change of state of matter in everyday life
-explain how the water cycle works
-appreciate the applications of change of state in day to day life

The learner is guided to:
-study a picture of the water cycle
-discuss what a water cycle is
-identify the importance of the water cycle
-determine what changes in state are involved in the water cycle

What changes of state occur in the water cycle?

Oxford Everyday Science and Technology Learner's Book pg 58
- Diagram of water cycle
- Digital devices with internet

- oral questions -written questions

MATTER

Change in state of matter - Understanding the water cycle

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-describe the applications of the change of state of matter in everyday life
-identify the processes in the water cycle
-appreciate the applications of change of state in day to day life

The learner is guided to:
-use digital devices to search for videos on the water cycle
-identify changes of state that occur in the water cycle
-discuss the processes of evaporation and condensation in the water cycle

What processes make up the water cycle?

Oxford Everyday Science and Technology Learner's Book pg 59
- Digital devices with internet
- Videos of water cycle

- oral questions -written questions

MATTER

Change in state of matter - Application in plastic repair

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-describe the applications of the change of state of matter in everyday life
-explain how to repair broken plastics
-appreciate the applications of change of state in day to day life

The learner is guided to:
-read about how to repair broken plastics
-identify materials needed for plastic repair
-discuss how state changes are used in the repair process

How can we use changes of state to repair broken plastics?

Oxford Everyday Science and Technology Learner's Book pg 59
- Samples of plastic materials
- Pictures showing plastic repair

- oral questions -written questions

MATTER

Change in state of matter - Making a candle

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-describe the applications of the change of state of matter in everyday life
-make a candle using local materials
-appreciate the applications of change of state in day to day life

The learner is guided to:
-identify materials needed to make a candle
-follow steps to make a candle
-observe state changes during candle making

How can we make a candle?

Oxford Everyday Science and Technology Learner's Book pg 60-61
- Empty milk packet
- Candle wax/beeswax
- Thick thread
- Sellotape
- Sufuria
- Metallic can/cup
- Water
- Wooden stick
- Source of heat

- observation -practical assessment

MATTER

Change in state of matter - Making a candle

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-describe the applications of the change of state of matter in everyday life
-make a candle using local materials
-appreciate the applications of change of state in day to day life

The learner is guided to:
-identify materials needed to make a candle
-follow steps to make a candle
-observe state changes during candle making

How can we make a candle?

Oxford Everyday Science and Technology Learner's Book pg 60-61
- Empty milk packet
- Candle wax/beeswax
- Thick thread
- Sellotape
- Sufuria
- Metallic can/cup
- Water
- Wooden stick
- Source of heat

- observation -practical assessment

MATTER

Change in state of matter - Home applications

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-describe the applications of the change of state of matter in everyday life
-identify activities at home that involve changes in state of matter
-appreciate the applications of change of state in day to day life

The learner is guided to:
-discuss changes of state of matter with family members
-identify different activities at home that involve changes in state of matter
-write a report about their findings

What activities at home involve changes of state?

Oxford Everyday Science and Technology Learner's Book pg 61
- Notebook
- Writing materials

- oral questions -written questions

MATTER

Change in state of matter - Review

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-identify the changes of state when substances are heated or cooled
-describe the applications of the change of state of matter in everyday life
-appreciate the applications of change of state in day to day life

The learner is guided to:
-review different changes of state
-identify state changes when substances are heated and cooled
-discuss applications of state changes in everyday life

What have we learned about changes of state of matter?

Oxford Everyday Science and Technology Learner's Book pg 62
- Previous notes
- Charts showing state changes

- oral questions -written questions

MATTER

Composition of air - Components of air

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-identify the components of air
-describe the percentage composition of air
-appreciate the need for clean air in day to day life

The learner is guided to:
-use digital devices to find out components of air
-identify percentage composition of different gases in air
-observe a chart showing composition of air

What is air made up of?

Oxford Everyday Science and Technology Learner's Book pg 63
- Digital devices with internet
- Chart showing composition of air

- oral questions -written questions

MATTER

Composition of air - Percentage of gases in air

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-identify the components of air
-describe the percentage composition of different gases in air
-appreciate the need for clean air in day to day life

The learner is guided to:
-examine a chart showing percentage composition of air
-identify the percentage of nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide and inert gases
-create their own charts showing air composition

What percentage of air do different gases occupy?

Oxford Everyday Science and Technology Learner's Book pg 64
- Chart showing composition of air
- Drawing materials

- oral questions -written questions

MATTER

Composition of air - Percentage of gases in air

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-identify the components of air
-describe the percentage composition of different gases in air
-appreciate the need for clean air in day to day life

The learner is guided to:
-examine a chart showing percentage composition of air
-identify the percentage of nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide and inert gases
-create their own charts showing air composition

What percentage of air do different gases occupy?

Oxford Everyday Science and Technology Learner's Book pg 64
- Chart showing composition of air
- Drawing materials

- oral questions -written questions

MATTER

Composition of air - Demonstrating oxygen in air

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-identify the components of air
-carry out an activity to show that oxygen is a component of air
-appreciate the need for clean air in day to day life

The learner is guided to:
-set up an experiment with a glass, plate, candle, and colored water
-observe what happens when a burning candle is covered with a glass
-measure the rise of water in the glass
-discuss why water rose in the glass

How can we demonstrate that oxygen is a component of air?

Oxford Everyday Science and Technology Learner's Book pg 65
- Transparent glass
- Plate
- Candle
- Matchbox
- Wax
- Felt pen
- Colored water

- observation -oral questions

MATTER

Composition of air - Carbon dioxide testing

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-identify the components of air
-describe how to test for carbon dioxide
-appreciate the need for clean air in day to day life

The learner is guided to:
-discuss how to test for carbon dioxide using lime water
-understand that carbon dioxide makes lime water produce a white suspension
-observe a demonstration of testing for carbon dioxide

How can we test for carbon dioxide in air?

Oxford Everyday Science and Technology Learner's Book pg 66
- Lime water
- Testing apparatus
- Digital resources

- oral questions -written questions

MATTER

Composition of air - Uses of oxygen

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-outline uses of different components of air
-describe the uses of oxygen in plants and animals
-appreciate the need for clean air in day to day life

The learner is guided to:
-use digital devices to search for uses of oxygen in plants and animals
-discuss findings and note them down
-present findings to classmates
-identify key uses of oxygen

What are the uses of oxygen?

Oxford Everyday Science and Technology Learner's Book pg 66
- Digital devices with internet

- oral questions -written questions

MATTER

Composition of air - Uses of carbon dioxide

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-outline uses of different components of air
-describe the uses of carbon dioxide
-appreciate the need for clean air in day to day life

The learner is guided to:
-discuss which component of air plants use to make food
-identify other uses of carbon dioxide
-present findings to classmates

What are the uses of carbon dioxide?

Oxford Everyday Science and Technology Learner's Book pg 67
- Reference materials
- Charts showing uses of carbon dioxide

- oral questions -written questions

MATTER

Composition of air - Uses of carbon dioxide

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-outline uses of different components of air
-describe the uses of carbon dioxide
-appreciate the need for clean air in day to day life

The learner is guided to:
-discuss which component of air plants use to make food
-identify other uses of carbon dioxide
-present findings to classmates

What are the uses of carbon dioxide?

Oxford Everyday Science and Technology Learner's Book pg 67
- Reference materials
- Charts showing uses of carbon dioxide

- oral questions -written questions

MATTER

Composition of air - Uses of nitrogen and inert gases

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-outline uses of different components of air
-describe the uses of nitrogen and inert gases
-appreciate the need for clean air in day to day life

The learner is guided to:
-use the internet to find out how nitrogen is important to plants
-discuss how nitrogen and inert gases control burning
-identify other uses of inert gases

What are the uses of nitrogen and inert gases?

Oxford Everyday Science and Technology Learner's Book pg 67
- Digital devices with internet
- Reference materials

- oral questions -written questions

MATTER

Composition of air - Meaning of air pollution

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-explain the effects of air pollution in the environment
-define air pollution and air pollutants
-appreciate the need for clean air in day to day life

The learner is guided to:
-brainstorm the meaning of air pollution and air pollutant
-check meanings from a dictionary
-write down the meaning of air pollution and air pollutant

What is air pollution?

Oxford Everyday Science and Technology Learner's Book pg 68
- Dictionary
- Reference materials

- oral questions -written questions

MATTER

Composition of air - Identifying air pollutants

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-explain the effects of air pollution in the environment
-identify air pollutants in the school and neighborhood
-appreciate the need for clean air in day to day life

The learner is guided to:
-take a walk around the school compound to identify air pollutants
-record pollutants and their sources in a table
-observe pictures showing sources of air pollution
-identify pollutants associated with each picture

What are common air pollutants?

Oxford Everyday Science and Technology Learner's Book pg 69
- Notebook
- Pictures of air pollutants
- Writing materials

- observation -oral questions

MATTER

Composition of air - Common air pollutants

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-explain the effects of air pollution in the environment
-identify common air pollutants and their sources
-appreciate the need for clean air in day to day life

The learner is guided to:
-discuss findings from their school walk
-study a table summarizing common air pollutants
-identify different categories of air pollutants and their sources

What are the sources of common air pollutants?

Oxford Everyday Science and Technology Learner's Book pg 70
- Table of air pollutants
- Reference materials

- oral questions -written questions

MATTER

Composition of air - Effects of air pollution

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-explain the effects of air pollution in the environment
-describe impacts on plants, materials, and health
-appreciate the need for clean air in day to day life

The learner is guided to:
-discuss effects of air pollution in the environment
-identify effects on plant health, material quality, and human health
-present effects to the class

How does air pollution affect the environment?

Oxford Everyday Science and Technology Learner's Book pg 71
- Pictures showing effects of air pollution

- oral questions -written questions

MATTER

Composition of air - Ozone layer and global warming

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-explain the effects of air pollution in the environment
-describe impacts on ozone layer and atmospheric temperature
-appreciate the need for clean air in day to day life

The learner is guided to:
-examine a diagram showing the ozone layer
-discuss how air pollutants reduce ozone layer thickness
-explain how global warming occurs due to air pollutants

How does air pollution affect the ozone layer and global temperatures?

Oxford Everyday Science and Technology Learner's Book pg 72-73
- Diagram of ozone layer
- Reference materials on global warming

- oral questions -written questions

MATTER

Composition of air - Ozone layer and global warming

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-explain the effects of air pollution in the environment
-describe impacts on ozone layer and atmospheric temperature
-appreciate the need for clean air in day to day life

The learner is guided to:
-examine a diagram showing the ozone layer
-discuss how air pollutants reduce ozone layer thickness
-explain how global warming occurs due to air pollutants

How does air pollution affect the ozone layer and global temperatures?

Oxford Everyday Science and Technology Learner's Book pg 72-73
- Diagram of ozone layer
- Reference materials on global warming

- oral questions -written questions

MATTER

Composition of air - Acid rain formation

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-explain the effects of air pollution in the environment
-describe the formation of acid rain
-appreciate the need for clean air in day to day life

The learner is guided to:
-discuss how acid rain forms
-identify gases that combine with water droplets to form acid rain
-explain how acid rain affects plants and animals

How does acid rain form?

Oxford Everyday Science and Technology Learner's Book pg 74
- Diagrams showing acid rain formation
- Reference materials

- oral questions -written questions

MATTER

Composition of air - Reducing air pollution through ventilation

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-describe methods of reducing air pollution in the environment
-explain the importance of ventilation
-appreciate the need for clean air in day to day life

The learner is guided to:
-brainstorm methods that can be used to reduce air pollution
-create a list of methods of reducing air pollution
-discuss how ventilation helps reduce air pollution

How can we reduce air pollution through ventilation?

Oxford Everyday Science and Technology Learner's Book pg 74
- Flip charts
- Felt pens
- Masking tape

- oral questions -written questions

MATTER

Composition of air - Tree planting and clean energy

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-describe methods of reducing air pollution in the environment
-explain the importance of planting trees and using clean energy
-appreciate the need for clean air in day to day life

The learner is guided to:
-discuss how planting trees helps reduce air pollution
-identify clean energy sources that reduce air pollution
-explain the benefits of controlled burning

How do trees and clean energy help reduce air pollution?

Oxford Everyday Science and Technology Learner's Book pg 75
- Pictures showing tree planting
- Charts of clean energy sources

- oral questions -written questions

MATTER

Composition of air - Tree planting and clean energy

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-describe methods of reducing air pollution in the environment
-explain the importance of planting trees and using clean energy
-appreciate the need for clean air in day to day life

The learner is guided to:
-discuss how planting trees helps reduce air pollution
-identify clean energy sources that reduce air pollution
-explain the benefits of controlled burning

How do trees and clean energy help reduce air pollution?

Oxford Everyday Science and Technology Learner's Book pg 75
- Pictures showing tree planting
- Charts of clean energy sources

- oral questions -written questions

MATTER

Composition of air - Industrial emission control

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-describe methods of reducing air pollution in the environment
-explain industrial emission control and vehicle maintenance
-appreciate the need for clean air in day to day life

The learner is guided to:
-discuss how industries control emissions
-explain the importance of maintaining vehicles in good condition
-identify benefits of public transportation

How can industries and vehicle owners reduce air pollution?

Oxford Everyday Science and Technology Learner's Book pg 76
- Pictures showing emission control devices
- Reference materials

- oral questions -written questions

MATTER

Composition of air - Construction practices and waste management

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-describe methods of reducing air pollution in the environment
-explain good construction practices and waste management
-appreciate the need for clean air in day to day life

The learner is guided to:
-observe pictures of buildings under construction with debris nets
-discuss how good construction practices reduce dust
-identify waste management practices that reduce air pollution

How can construction and waste management practices reduce air pollution?

Oxford Everyday Science and Technology Learner's Book pg 76-77
- Pictures of construction with debris nets
- Reference materials on waste management

- oral questions -written questions

MATTER

Composition of air - Safety in polluted environments

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-describe safety precautions in air polluted environments
-identify protective equipment for polluted areas
-appreciate the need for clean air in day to day life

The learner is guided to:
-observe pictures showing safety precautions in polluted environments
-identify safety precautions taken by people
-discuss the purpose of each safety precaution

What safety precautions should be observed in air polluted environments?

Oxford Everyday Science and Technology Learner's Book pg 77
- Pictures showing protective equipment
- Samples of masks, goggles (if available)

- oral questions -written questions

MATTER

Composition of air - Safety in polluted environments

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-describe safety precautions in air polluted environments
-identify protective equipment for polluted areas
-appreciate the need for clean air in day to day life

The learner is guided to:
-observe pictures showing safety precautions in polluted environments
-identify safety precautions taken by people
-discuss the purpose of each safety precaution

What safety precautions should be observed in air polluted environments?

Oxford Everyday Science and Technology Learner's Book pg 77
- Pictures showing protective equipment
- Samples of masks, goggles (if available)

- oral questions -written questions

MATTER

Composition of air - Fun with air components

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-outline uses of different components of air
-debate the importance of different gases
-appreciate the need for clean air in day to day life

The learner is guided to:
-form groups representing nitrogen, oxygen, and carbon dioxide
-discuss reasons why their gas is most important
-display reasons on Manila paper
-read and comment on other groups' work

Why is your gas the most important in the atmosphere?

Oxford Everyday Science and Technology Learner's Book pg 78
- Manila paper
- Felt pens
- Sellotape

- participation -oral assessment

MATTER

Composition of air - Air pollution poster

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-explain the effects of air pollution in the environment
-create posters about air pollution
-appreciate the need for clean air in day to day life

The learner is guided to:
-make posters about common air pollutants, dangers, and control methods
-use pictures where appropriate
-display posters on the school notice board

How can we educate others about air pollution?

Oxford Everyday Science and Technology Learner's Book pg 79
- Poster materials
- Pictures
- Coloring materials

- observation -project assessment