Nutrition in plants and animals

Digestive system in animals

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Describe the digestive system of the carnivores, herbivores and omnivores
Draw and label a transverse section of the gut wall of a mammal

Description
Drawing and labelling

Class notes
Chart

KLB Biology book one page 79
Explore biology book one

Nutrition in plants and animals

Food processing along the digestive tract

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Describe the term ingestion, egestion and digestion
Name the regions where food digestion occurs along the digestive tract

Description
Questions and answers

Class notes

KLB Biology book one page
79

Nutrition in plants and animals

Digestion in the mouth
Digestion in the stomach

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Distinguish between ingestion and mastication
Describe the mastication process
Describe the three pairs of the salivary glands in the mouth
Describe digestion process in the mouth
Define the term peristalsis
Illustrate diagrammatically peristalsis process

Explain the digestion process in the stomach
Name the components of the gastric juice
Describe the role of the components of gastric juice in the food digestion

Description
Explanations
discussions
Explanation
Description
Questions and answer

Class notes

KLB Biology book one page 79-80
Explore biology book one
KLB Biology book one page 80
Explore biology book one

Nutrition in plants and animals

Digestion in the duodenum

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Describe the process of the food digestion in the duodenum
Name the secretions organs of the liver and their functions
Explain the components of the pancreatic juice and their role in digestion

Description
Explanation
Questions and answer

Class text book
Class notes

KLB Biology book one page 81

Nutrition in plants and animals

Emulsification of the fat

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Describe what is emulsification
Explain the requirements in the test for the emulsification of the fat

Observation and recording
Description
Explanation

Sodium hydrogen carbonate solution
Cooking oil, water, test tubes, ruler and measuring cylinder

Practical manual
KLB Biology book one page 81

Nutrition in plants and animals

Digestion in the ileum
Absorption

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Describe the digestion process in the ileum
Name the four enzymes present in the succus entericus
Explain the role of the intestinal juice in food digestion in the ileum

Describe what is absorption
Explain the adaptation of the ileum to food absorption
Draw and label the structure of the villi

Description
Explanation
Questions and answer
Description
Explanation
Drawing and labelling

Class notes
Class notes

KLB Biology book one page 81-82
Explore biology book one
KLB Biology book one page 83-84
Explore biology book one

Nutrition in plants and animals

Assimilation

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Describe what happens in the caecum and appendix
Explain what is assimilation
Explain how different food types are assimilated or utilized in the body

Description
Explanation
Questions

Class notes

KLB Biology book one page 84

Nutrition in plants and animals

Vitamins

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Describe what are vitamins
Explain the sources and uses of the given vitamins
Discuss the deficiency diseases associated with the lack of given vitamins

Description
Explanation
Discussion

Class notes

KLB Biology book one page 85-86
Explore biology book one

Nutrition in plants and animals

Mineral salts

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Describe the mineral salts and their role in the human body
Explain the given mineral salts elements and their sources
Give examples of the important mineral salts in the human body

Description
Explanation
Questions and answers

Class notes
Class text

KLB Biology book one page 87
Explore biology book one

Nutrition in plants and animals

Energy requirements in human beings

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Explain the role of roughage in the human body
Name the factors that affect energy requirements in human beings
Describe how the named factors influence energy requirements in the human beings

Explanation
Description
Questions

Class notes

Explore biology book one
KLB Biology book one page 88-89

TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Introduction. Transport in plants Transport in simple plants.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:


Define transport.

Explain importance of transport in plants and animals.
Describe transport in simple plants.

Q/A and discussion;
Discuss transport in simple animals and plants e.g. mosses.

text book

K.L.B. BOOK 2
Page 1

TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

External structure of the root.
Internal structure of the root.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Relate the external structure of the root to its function.

State primary functions of roots.


Relate the internal structure of a root to its functions.

Class experiment- to examine a piece of a taproot.
Drawing and labeling a diagram of the taproot.
Discussion of adaptation of the root hairs to their functions.
Q/A: Functions of roots.



Drawing and labeling diagrams of sections of roots and root hairs for monocotyledon and dicotyledonous roots.
Discuss functions of the labeled parts.

Tap root, bean / pea seedlings.

Petri-dish
Razor blade.
Permanent slides of roots,
microscope, wallchart.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
Pages 1-2
K.L.B. BOOK 2
Pages 2-4

TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Structure and functions of the stem.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe structural organization of stems.
To state primary functions of the stem.

Observing permanent stem slides under a microscope.

Detailed discussion.

text book

K.L.B. BOOK 2
Page 5

TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Internal structure of the stem.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To draw and label internal stem structures.

Drawing and labeling transverse sections of stems.

Wall charts - Internal structure of the stem.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
Pages 5- 7

TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Absorption of water and mineral salts.
Significance and types of Transpiration.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To explain processes through which water and mineral salts move through plants.

To explain significance of transpiration.
To state and explain types of transpiration.

Discussion and Explanations.
Probing questions,
Discussion,
Explanations.

Wall charts ?
Root hairs.
Wall charts ?
Internal structure of a leaf.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
Pages 7 - 9
K.L.B. BOOK 2
Pages 9-10, 12

TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Factors affecting rate of transpiration.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To state and explain factors affecting transpiration.

Q/A:
Discussion
Explanations.

text book

K.L.B. BOOK 2
Pages 12- 14

TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

The Xylem tissue. Forces involved in transport of water and mineral salts.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe the structure of xylem tissue.

To explain the forces involved in transport of water and mineral salts.

Q/A:
Discussion
Explanations
Drawing diagrams.

Wall charts-The xylem tissue.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
Pages 10-12

TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Rates of transpiration on leaf surfaces.
Translocation of organic compounds.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe simple experiments to show rates of transpiration on leaf surfaces.
To define translocation.
To describe the structure of phloem tissue.

Discuss above observations.
Draw graphs to show rates of transpiration on leaf surfaces.
Answer questions.
Q/A: To review photosynthesis.
Discussion and explanations of structure of phloem tissue.
Drawing and labeling phloem tissue.

text book
Chart - phloem tissue.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
Page 18
K.L.B. BOOK 2
Page 17

TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Transport in Animals. Open and closed circulatory systems. Open circulatory system in insects.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:



To differentiate between open and closed circulatory systems.

To discuss open circulatory system in insects.

Exposition and discussion.

Drawing and labeling diagrams.

Charts- Circulatory systems.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
Pages 18 - 19

TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Single and double circulatory systems.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To differentiate between single and double circulatory systems.

Exposition and discussion.
Tracing the path followed by blood from a point and back to the same point.

Chart- Mammalian double circulation system.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
Pages 18-20

TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

The mammalian heart ? external structure.
Internal structure of mammalian heart.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe the external structure of the heart.
Draw compartments of the heart and label major parts.

Exposition; Identifying compartments of the heart.
Drawing and labeling a diagram of a mammalian heart.

Model of a heart.
Model of a heart, wallcharts.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
Pages 21 - 22
K.L.B. BOOK 2
Pages 22 -23

TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Pumping mechanism of the heart.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To differentiate between systolic and diastolic heart movements.

Discussion and Explanations.
Experiment- To investigate pulse rate at the wrist.

Stopwatches.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
Pages 23 - 24

TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Pulse rate.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain the origin of pulse.
Explain effect of exercise on pulse rate.

Record number of pulses before and after an exercise.
Brief discussion.

Stopwatches.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
Pages 30 - 31

TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Structure of arteries. Major arteries.
Veins.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe the structure of arteries.

To identify major arteries in the circulatory system.

To describe the structure of veins.
To explain the need for valves in veins.
To state differences between veins and arteries.

Discussion
Drawing and labeling internal structure of an artery.


Drawing and labeling diagram of an artery.
Discussion and explanations.

Chart- cross-section of an artery.
Chart-circulatory system.
Chart-
cross-sections of major blood vessels in the body.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
Page 25
K.L.B. BOOK 2
Pages 27-29

TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Capillaries.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe the structure of capillaries.
To explain the role of capillaries in transport

Discussion and explanations.

text book

K.L.B. BOOK 2
Pages 25-26

TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Capillaries.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe the structure of capillaries.
To explain the role of capillaries in transport

Discussion and explanations.

text book

K.L.B. BOOK 2
Pages 25-26

TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Diseases and defects of the circulatory system.
Composition of blood. The plasma.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To discuss various diseases and defects of the circulatory system.
To state the constituents of blood plasma.
To identify functions of plasma.

Discussion of various diseases and defects of the circulatory system.
Suggest methods of prevention and control.

Detailed discussion and explanations.

text book

K.L.B. BOOK 2
Pages 31 - 32
K.L.B. BOOK 2
Pages 32 - 33

TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Red blood cells.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To state the functions of red blood cells.
To explain the functions of haemoglobin in r.b.c.

Detailed discussion and explanations.

Wall charts.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
Pages 33 - 34

TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

White blood cells.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe the structure of white blood cells.
To state functions of white blood cells.

Detailed discussion and explanations.

text book

K.L.B. BOOK 2
Pages 34 - 35

TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Platelets.
Blood clotting.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe the structure of platelets.
To state functions of platelets.
To describe the blood clotting process.

To explain importance of blood clotting.

Detailed discussion and explanations.
Exposition of new concepts.
Detailed discussion.

text book
Blood smear, microscope.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
Page 35
K.L.B. BOOK 2
Page 36

TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Blood groups, Antigens and antibodies.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To identify the four blood groups.
To identify compatible blood groups.

Completing a table of blood groups and the corresponding antigens and antibodies present.

Chart-
blood groups, antigens and antibodies.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
Pages

TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Blood transfusion.
The Rhesus factor.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To define blood transfusion.
To identify compatible blood groups.
To identify the universal donor and universal recipient.

Q/A: Identifying compatible blood groups.
Open discussion.
Completing a table of compatible blood groups.

Blood transfusion resource person.
text book

K.L.B. BOOK 2
Pages 30 - 31

TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Lymph.
Immune responses.
Allergic reactions.
Organ transplant.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe formation and functions of lymph.
To identify organs that are normally transplanted.

Exposition, discussion and explanations.
Q/A: Organs transplanted.

Superficial discussion.

Topic review.

Chart- the lymphatic system.
Chart- Diseases that children are immunized against;
Resource person.
text book

K.L.B. BOOK 2
Pages 38 - 40
K.L.B. BOOK 2
Page 43