TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Transport in Animals. Open and closed circulatory systems. Open circulatory system in insects.
Single and double circulatory systems.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:



To differentiate between open and closed circulatory systems.

To discuss open circulatory system in insects.


To differentiate between single and double circulatory systems.

Exposition and discussion.

Drawing and labeling diagrams.


Exposition and discussion.
Tracing the path followed by blood from a point and back to the same point.

Charts- Circulatory systems.
Chart- Mammalian double circulation system.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
Pages 18 - 19
K.L.B. BOOK 2
Pages 18-20

TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

The mammalian heart ? external structure.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe the external structure of the heart.

Exposition; Identifying compartments of the heart.

Model of a heart.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
Pages 21 - 22

TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Internal structure of mammalian heart.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Draw compartments of the heart and label major parts.

Drawing and labeling a diagram of a mammalian heart.

Model of a heart, wallcharts.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
Pages 22 -23

TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Pumping mechanism of the heart.
Pulse rate.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To differentiate between systolic and diastolic heart movements.


Explain the origin of pulse.
Explain effect of exercise on pulse rate.

Discussion and Explanations.
Experiment- To investigate pulse rate at the wrist.


Record number of pulses before and after an exercise.
Brief discussion.

Stopwatches.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
Pages 23 - 24
K.L.B. BOOK 2
Pages 30 - 31

TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Pulse rate.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain the origin of pulse.
Explain effect of exercise on pulse rate.

Record number of pulses before and after an exercise.
Brief discussion.

Stopwatches.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
Pages 30 - 31

TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Structure of arteries. Major arteries.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe the structure of arteries.

To identify major arteries in the circulatory system.

Discussion
Drawing and labeling internal structure of an artery.

Chart- cross-section of an artery.
Chart-circulatory system.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
Page 25

TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Veins.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe the structure of veins.
To explain the need for valves in veins.
To state differences between veins and arteries.

Drawing and labeling diagram of an artery.
Discussion and explanations.

Chart-
cross-sections of major blood vessels in the body.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
Pages 27-29

TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Capillaries.
Diseases and defects of the circulatory system.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe the structure of capillaries.
To explain the role of capillaries in transport
To discuss various diseases and defects of the circulatory system.

Discussion and explanations.

Discussion of various diseases and defects of the circulatory system.
Suggest methods of prevention and control.

text book

K.L.B. BOOK 2
Pages 25-26
K.L.B. BOOK 2
Pages 31 - 32

TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Composition of blood. The plasma.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To state the constituents of blood plasma.
To identify functions of plasma.

Detailed discussion and explanations.

text book

K.L.B. BOOK 2
Pages 32 - 33

TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Red blood cells.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To state the functions of red blood cells.
To explain the functions of haemoglobin in r.b.c.

Detailed discussion and explanations.

Wall charts.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
Pages 33 - 34

TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

White blood cells.
Platelets.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe the structure of white blood cells.
To state functions of white blood cells.
To describe the structure of platelets.
To state functions of platelets.

Detailed discussion and explanations.

text book

K.L.B. BOOK 2
Pages 34 - 35
K.L.B. BOOK 2
Page 35

TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Blood clotting.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe the blood clotting process.

To explain importance of blood clotting.

Exposition of new concepts.
Detailed discussion.

Blood smear, microscope.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
Page 36

TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Blood groups, Antigens and antibodies.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To identify the four blood groups.
To identify compatible blood groups.

Completing a table of blood groups and the corresponding antigens and antibodies present.

Chart-
blood groups, antigens and antibodies.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
Pages

TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Blood transfusion.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To define blood transfusion.
To identify compatible blood groups.
To identify the universal donor and universal recipient.

Q/A: Identifying compatible blood groups.
Open discussion.
Completing a table of compatible blood groups.

Blood transfusion resource person.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
Pages 30 - 31

TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Blood transfusion.
The Rhesus factor.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To define blood transfusion.
To identify compatible blood groups.
To identify the universal donor and universal recipient.

To describe the Rhesus factor and its significance.

Q/A: Identifying compatible blood groups.
Open discussion.
Completing a table of compatible blood groups.
Review blood groups, antigens and antibodies.
Exposition, discussion and explanations.

Blood transfusion resource person.
text book

K.L.B. BOOK 2
Pages 30 - 31
K.L.B. BOOK 2
Page 38

TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Lymph.
Immune responses.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe formation and functions of lymph.

Exposition, discussion and explanations.

Chart- the lymphatic system.
Chart- Diseases that children are immunized against;
Resource person.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
Pages 38 - 40

TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Allergic reactions.
Organ transplant.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To define an allergic reaction.
To identify ways in which allergy presents itself.
To explain cause of allergic reactions.

Q/A: Manifestations of allergy.

Exposition and brief explanations.

text book

K.L.B. BOOK 2
Page 43

GASEOUS EXCHANGE

Introduction. Gaseous exchange in plants.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:


To explain importance of gaseous exchange.

To describe gaseous exchange in plants.

Discussion
Explanations

Q/A: Products of respiration.
Detailed discussion.

text book

K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 48

GASEOUS EXCHANGE

Introduction. Gaseous exchange in plants.
Release of CO2 by plants.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:


To explain importance of gaseous exchange.

To describe gaseous exchange in plants.
To describe an experiment to show release of CO2 by plants.

Discussion
Explanations

Q/A: Products of respiration.
Detailed discussion.


Class experiments including control experiments.

Explain the observations made.

text book
Bicarbonate indicator, boiling tubes, Aluminum foil.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 48
K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 49

GASEOUS EXCHANGE

Release of O2 by plants.
Stomata.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe an experiment to show release of O2 by plants.

Teacher demonstration: Test for the gas evolved.
Discuss observations.

Gas jar,
Glass funnel,
Water plant,
Beaker.
text book

K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 49

GASEOUS EXCHANGE

Opening & closing of stomata.
Stomata and habitats of plants.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe and explain the mechanism of opening & closing of stomata.

Detailed discussion.

text book
Prepared slides of hydrophytes and xerophytes.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 51

GASEOUS EXCHANGE

Lenticels.
Respiratory surfaces in animals.
Gaseous exchange in protozoa.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe and explain the mechanism of lenticels.

To describe the mechanism of gaseous exchange in an amoeba.

Detailed discussion.
Q/A: Review diffusion, structure of an amoeba.
Discuss briefly gaseous exchange in and out of amoeba.

text book

K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 52
K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 53

GASEOUS EXCHANGE

Gaseous exchange in insects.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe the mechanism of gaseous exchange in insects

Drawing tracheal system of a grasshopper.
Discuss at length the structure of the tracheal system.
Detailed discussion.

text book

K.L.B. BOOK 2
PP. 53, 54

GASEOUS EXCHANGE

Breathing in insects.
Number, position and shape of spiracles of insects.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe the breathing mechanism in an insect.

Observe breathing movements of live specimens of grasshoppers, locusts or cockroaches.

Live specimens of insects,
Hand lenses,
Boiling tubes.
Live specimens of insects.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 56

GASEOUS EXCHANGE

Gaseous exchange in a bony fish.
Gaseous exchange in amphibians.
Gaseous exchange in mammals.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe the structure of gills of a bony fish.
To explain how a gill is adapted to function as a respiratory surface.
To explain the mechanism of gaseous exchange in gills.

To list down parts of the tracheal system in man.
To describe the function of the parts of a system respiratory.

Drawing and labeling a gill of a fish; stating the function of each part; and stating how it is adapted to its functions.
Detailed discussion.
Discuss at length man?s respiratory system.

A gill of a fish.
text book
Wall chart- Respiratory system in man.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
PP. 56-57
K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 59

GASEOUS EXCHANGE

The structure of the lungs.
Inhalation.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To explain adaptations of the lungs to their functions.

Drawing labeled diagrams coupled with explanations.

Wall charts- Structure of lungs.
Chart / model of a rib cage.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 60-1

GASEOUS EXCHANGE

Exhalation.
Thoracic cavity model.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe the process of exhalation in man.

Showing movements of ribs during exhalation.
Explain the exhalation mechanism.

Chart / model of a rib cage.
Thoracic cavity model.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
PP. 61-62

GASEOUS EXCHANGE

Gaseous exchange in an alveolus.
Rate of breathing in man.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe gaseous exchange in an alveolus.
To explain regulation of breathing in man.


To state and explain briefly factors affecting the rate of inhalation / exhalation processes.

Discussion and explanations.

text book

K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 64
K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 63

GASEOUS EXCHANGE

Intercostal muscles.
Inhaled and exhaled air.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To explain the function of intercostal muscles during the breathing system.

Detailed discussion.
Counting number of inhalations before and after an exercise blow.

Lime water, rib cage model.
Lime water.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 66

GASEOUS EXCHANGE

Diseases of the respiratory system.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To state the causes, symptoms and prevention of respiratory diseases.

Discuss cause, symptoms and prevention of whooping cough TB, bronchitis, etc.

Resource person.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
PP. 67-70

RESPIRATION

Introduction ? Definition and importance of respiration.
Burning food.
The mitochondrion.
Aerobic respiration.
Anaerobic respiration.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able:
To define respiration.
To explain significance of respiration.
To state functions of mitochondrion in respiration.

Q/A: Definition

Brief discussion of significance of respiration.
Drawing structure of the mitochondrion.
Explain function of the mitochondrion.

text book
Wall charts- The mitochond-rion
text book
Glucose
Yeast
Thermometer

K.L.B. BK 2
PP. 73-74
K.L.B. BK 2
P. 74

RESPIRATION

Oxygen ?debt?.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To explain the term ?oxygen debt?.
To explain the effect of ?oxygen debt? on the amount of energy released during respiration.

Probing questions.

Detailed discussion.

text book

K.L.B. BK 2
P.78

RESPIRATION

Applications of anaerobic respiration.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To explain applications of anaerobic respiration.

Q/A: Products of fermentation process.
Listing down various applications of anaerobic respiration.

text book

K.L.B. BK 2
P. 79

RESPIRATION

Respiratory substrates & respiratory quotient.
Rate of respiration.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To identify respiratory substrates in the body.
To define respiratory quotient.
To calculate R.Q.

Brief discussion/ explanations.

Exposition of definition and its significance.
Problem solving.

text book

K.L.B. BK 2
P. 79