GENETICS

Monohybrid inheritance.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define monohybrid inheritance.
Differentiate between genotype and phenotype.
Draw diagrams to show genetic crosses.

Q/A to review Mendel?s first law.
Drawing diagrams to show genetic crosses.
Discussion with probing questions.

text book

KLB BK IV. PP 12-14

GENETICS

Genetic crosses using a punnet square.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Show fusion of gametes using a punnet square.

Completing a punnet square;
Brief discussion.

text book

KLB BK IV. PP 14-15

GENETICS

Ratios of phenotypes and genotypes.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain the concept of probability in inheritance of characteristics.

Q/A to review phenotypes and genotypes.
Simple experiments on probability.
Discussion.

Beans of two different colours, beakers.

KLB BK IV. PP 15-17

GENETICS

Incomplete dominance.
Inheritance of ABO blood groups.
Inheritance of Rhesus factor.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Cite examples of incomplete dominance.
Illustrate incomplete dominance with diagrams.
Illustrate inheritance of blood groups with diagrams.

Exposition;
Discussion;
Drawing diagrams.
Exposition;
Discussion;
Drawing diagrams;
Supervised practice on inheritance of blood groups.

chart

KLB BK IV. PP 19-20.
KLB BK IV. PP 20-21

GENETICS

Determining unknown genotypes.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Determine unknown genotypes using test crosses and selfing crosses.

Exposition;
Probing questions;
Drawing illustrative diagrams;
Discussion.

text book

KLB BK IV. PP 22-23

GENETICS

Sex determination in man.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe sex determination in man.

Exposition;
Drawing illustrative diagrams;
Discussion.

KLB BK IV. PP 23-24

GENETICS

Sex-linked genes and traits.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify sex-linked traits in man.
Illustrate inheritance of sex-linked traits with diagrams.

Probing questions;
Drawing illustrative diagrams;
Discussion.

text book

KLB BK IV. PP 24-27

GENETICS

Non-disjunction.
Gene mutation.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain effects of non-disjunction as a chromosomal abnormality.
Differentiate between chromosomal and gene mutation.
Identify types of gene mutation.

Exposition of new concepts;
Discussion.

Q/A to review types of chromosomal mutation;
Using sequence models to show chromosomal mutations.
Discussion.

text book
Models to show Chromosomal mutations.

KLB BK IV. PP 30-33
KLB BK IV. PP 33-35

GENETICS

Disorders due to gene mutations.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Illustrate genetic disorders with diagrams.

Discussion on albinism, sickle-cell anaemia, haemophilia, colour blindness.
Drawing illustrative diagrams.

chart

KLB BK IV. PP 35-38

GENETICS

Disorders due to gene mutations.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Illustrate genetic disorders with diagrams.

Discussion on albinism, sickle-cell anaemia, haemophilia, colour blindness.
Drawing illustrative diagrams.

chart

KLB BK IV. PP 35-38

GENETICS
EVOLUTION

Applications of genetics.
Meaning of evolution. Theories of origin of life.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify areas of practical application of genetics.

Probing questions;
Open discussion;
Topic review.

text book,video
text book

KLB BK IV. PP 39-45

EVOLUTION

Evidence for organic evolution.
Comparative anatomy and homologous structures.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Cite evidence for organic evolution.
Define divergent evolution.
Give examples of homologous structures.

Brain storming;
Probing questions;
Exposition;
Discussion.

Examine forelimbs of vertebrates;
Discuss adaptations and use of the limbs.

text book
Forelimbs of vertebrates.

KLB BK IV. PP 51-59
KLB BK IV. PP 59-63

EVOLUTION

Comparative anatomy and homologous structures. (contd)
Convergent evolution and analogous structures.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define divergent evolution.
Give examples of homologous structures.

Examine forelimbs of vertebrates;
Discuss adaptations and use of the limbs.

Forelimbs of vertebrates.
Wings of insects, wings of birds / bat.

KLB BK IV. PP 59-63

EVOLUTION

Convergent evolution and analogous structures.(contd)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define convergent evolution.
Give examples of analogous structures.
Give examples of vestigial structures.

Examine wings of insects; wings of birds / bat.
Discuss observations.

Wings of insects, wings of birds / bat.

KLB BK IV. PP 63-64

EVOLUTION

Larmack?s theory of evolution.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain Larmack?s theory of evolution.

Expositions and explanations.

text book

KLB BK IV. P 67

EVOLUTION
RECEPTION, RESPONSE & CO-ORDINATION

Darwin?s theory of natural selection.
Meaning of stimulus, response and irritability. Tactic responses.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain Darwin?s theory of natural selection.
Cite examples of natural selection in action.




Define of stimulus, response and irritability.
Explain the need for sensitivity and response.
Identify types of tactics responses.

Expositions and explanations;
Probing questions;
Topic review.





Brain storming;
Exposition;
Group experiments-chemotaxis in termites;
Discussion.

text book




Brad crumbs, termites, dry sand, moth balls.

KLB BK IV. PP 67-72




KLB BK IV. PP 73-74

RECEPTION, RESPONSE & CO-ORDINATION

Tropism and types of tropism.
Nastic responses.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify types of tropism.
State differences between tropisms and taxes.

Examine previous plant set ?ups on response to light, gravity;
Probing questions and discussion.

Seedlings, klinostat, corked beaker.
text book

KLB BK IV. PP 74-78

RECEPTION, RESPONSE & CO-ORDINATION

Role of auxins in tropisms.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain the role of auxins in tropisms.

Examine previous plant set ?ups on response to light, gravity; contact;
Probing questions and discussion.

text book

KLB BK IV. PP 80-83

RECEPTION, RESPONSE & CO-ORDINATION

Role of auxins in tropisms.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain the role of auxins in tropisms.

Examine previous plant set ?ups on response to light, gravity; contact;
Probing questions and discussion.

text book

KLB BK IV. PP 80-83

RECEPTION, RESPONSE & CO-ORDINATION

Response and Co-ordination in animals. The nervous system.
Types of neurons. The brain.
Reflex actions.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:




State components of the nervous system.
Describe the structure of nerve cells.
Differentiate between simple and conditioned reflex actions.

Descriptive and expository approaches.
Illustrate a simple reflex arc.
Probing questions on differences between simple and conditioned reflex actions.

Illustrative diagrams.

KLB BK IV. PP 84-85
KLB BK IV. PP 88-90

RECEPTION, RESPONSE & CO-ORDINATION

Transmission of a nerve impulse.
The endocrine system.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe the transmission of a nerve impulse.

Descriptive and expository approaches.

Illustrative diagrams.

KLB BK IV. PP 90-93

RECEPTION, RESPONSE & CO-ORDINATION

The mammalian eye.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify major parts of the human eye.
Explain image formation and interpretation in the eye.

Brain storming;
Discussion with probing questions.

Chart- the human eye.

KLB BK IV. PP 93-100

RECEPTION, RESPONSE & CO-ORDINATION

Accommodation of the eye.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain the role of ciliary muscles in accommodation of the eye.

Discussion with probing questions,
Drawing illustrative diagrams.

Chart- focusing far and near points.

KLB BK IV. PP 100-1

RECEPTION, RESPONSE & CO-ORDINATION

Defects of vision and their correction.
The human ear.
Hearing.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify defects of vision.
Explain correction of vision defects.
Identify major parts of the human ear.

Detailed discussion with probing questions;
Drawing illustrative diagrams.

Descriptive and expository approaches.
Drawn diagrams.

Illustrative diagrams.

KLB BK IV. PP 101-4
KLB BK IV. PP 104-5

RECEPTION, RESPONSE & CO-ORDINATION

Body balance and posture.
Defects of the ear.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain how the ear maintains body balance and posture.

Descriptive and expository approaches.

text book

KLB BK IV. PP 107-8

SUPPORT & MOVEMENT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Importance of support and movement in plants.
Arrangement of tissues in a monocotyledonous stem.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:





Explain the importance of support and movement in plants.

Brain storming;
Probing questions;
Discussion.

text book
Monocotyledo-nous stem, eg. tradescantia, microscope,
Razors.

KLB BK IV. PP 111-2

SUPPORT & MOVEMENT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Arrangement of tissues in a dicotyledonous stem.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Draw and label a transverse section of a dicotyledonous stem.
Draw and label a transverse section of herbaceous and woody stems.

Examine transverse section of a dicotyledonous stem, herbaceous and woody stems.

Herbaceous stem, microscope, slides,
Razors.

KLB BK IV. PP 111-5

SUPPORT & MOVEMENT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Stem tissues.
Wilting in plants.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify some stem tissues.
Explain the role of stem tissues.
Compare the rate of wilting of herbaceous and woody stems.
Account for difference in rate of water loss.

Drawing and labeling diagrams;
Discussion.
Uproot herbaceous and woody plants;
Observe tem for about 30 min;
Brief discussion.

Illustrative diagrams.

KLB BK IV. PP 113-5
KLB BK IV. P 116

SUPPORT & MOVEMENT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

The exoskeleton.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe the structure of the exoskeleton.

Examine movement of a live arthropod;
Observe muscles of the hind limb of a grasshopper;
Relate the observations to the function of the exoskeleton.

A live arthropod,
E.g. grasshopper, millipede.

KLB BK IV. PP 116-7

SUPPORT & MOVEMENT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

The endoskeleton.
Locomotory features of a finned fish.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe the structure of the endoskeleton.

Observe skeleton of a vertebrate;
Compare it with an exoskeleton.
Discuss the contrasting features.

The human skeleton.
A freshly killed tilapi

KLB BK IV. PP 117-8

SUPPORT & MOVEMENT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Locomotion in a finned fish.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain how locomotion occurs in a finned fish.
Explain how a fish is adapted to locomotion in its habitat.

Review external features of a tilapia.
Detailed discussion.

A freshly killed tilapia.

KLB BK IV. PP 117-8

SUPPORT & MOVEMENT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Tail power of a fish.
Support and movement in mammals. The skull and rib cage.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Calculate the tail power of a fish.




Describe the structure of the skull and rib cage.

Measure length of tail, length of a tilapia fish.
Calculations.
Discussion on significance of tail power in locomotion.




Observe the human skull and rib cage of a rat / rabbit.
Detailed discussion.

A freshly killed tilapia.




Human skull, rib cage of rat / rabbit.

KLB BK IV. PP 118-9




KLB BK IV. PP 119-120

SUPPORT & MOVEMENT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

The vertebral column. Cervical and thoracic vertebrae.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe the features of the vertebral column.
Identify types of vertebrae.
Explain adaptations of cervical and thoracic vertebrae to their functions.

Examine cervical and thoracic vertebrae.

Cervical and thoracic vertebrae.

KLB BK IV. PP 121-2

SUPPORT & MOVEMENT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Thoracic and lumbar vertebrae.
The sacral and caudal vertebrae.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain adaptations of Thoracic and lumbar vertebrae to their functions.

Examine thoracic and lumbar vertebrae.
Draw labeled diagrams;
Brief discussion.

Thoracic and lumbar vertebrae.
Sacral and caudal vertebrae.

KLB BK IV. PP 122-3

SUPPORT & MOVEMENT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

The appendicular skeleton.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe the features of the appendicular skeleton.

Examine the appendicular skeleton of a rabbit /sheep.
Brief discussion..

Appendicular skeleton of a rabbit /sheep.

KLB BK IV. PP 124-5

SUPPORT & MOVEMENT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Fore limb.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify bones of the fore limb.

Examine bones if the fore limb;
Drawing labeled diagrams;
Discussion.

Bones of the fore limb.

KLB BK IV. PP 126-7

SUPPORT & MOVEMENT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Fore limb.
Hind limb.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify bones of the fore limb.
Identify bones of the hind limb.

Examine bones if the fore limb;
Drawing labeled diagrams;
Discussion.
Examine bones if the hind limb;
Drawing labeled diagrams;
Discussion.

Bones of the fore limb.
Bones of the hind limb.

KLB BK IV. PP 126-7
KLB BK IV. P 127

SUPPORT & MOVEMENT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Movable joints.
Ball and socket joint.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify features of movable joints.

Examine the synovial joint.
Brief discussion.

Synovial joint model.

KLB BK IV. P 127

SUPPORT & MOVEMENT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

The hinge joint. Movement of a joint.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify features of hinge joint.

Describe movement of a joint.

Examine a hinge joint.

Observe movement of the fore arm;

Discussion.

Illustrative diagrams.

KLB BK IV. PP 128-9

SUPPORT & MOVEMENT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Skeletal muscles.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe features of skeletal muscles.

Examine diagrams of skeletal muscles;
Brief discussion.

Illustrative diagrams.

KLB BK IV. PP 129-30

SUPPORT & MOVEMENT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Smooth or visceral muscles.
Cardiac muscles.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe features of smooth muscles.

Examine diagrams of smooth muscles;
Brief discussion.
Examine diagrams of smooth muscles;
Brief discussion;
Topic review.

Illustrative diagrams.

KLB BK IV. PP 129-30
KLB BK IV. PP 130-1