People and Relationships

Peaceful conflict Resolution

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
-Describe what is effective communication
-Design strategies for effective communication in resolving conflicts
-Appreciate strategies for effective communication in resolving conflicts

Thea learners is guided to describe what is effective communication
-In groups learner to design strategies for effective communicating in resolving conflicts

How can resolving conflicts help us live peacefully in the community?

-Course book
-Pictures
-Charts
-Realia
-Computing devices
-Pictures
-Realia

-Oral questions -Written questions -Observation

People and Relationships

Peaceful Conflict Resolution -Negotiation -Mediation -Arbitration

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
-Identify ways of resolving conflicts in the family
-Apply peaceful ways of resolving conflict in the family
-Appreciate ways of resolving conflicts in the family
-Appreciate the culture of peace in a society

-The learner is guided to identify ways of resolving conflicts in the family
-In groups learners apply peaceful ways of resolving conflicts in the family while role playing healthy relationships to promote peace in the family

How can we resolve conflicts in the family?

-Course book
-Pictures
-Charts
-Realia

-Oral questions -written questions

People and Relationships

Peaceful conflict Resolution

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
-Describe empathy
-Show empathy with survivors of conflict in the family
-Appreciate the culture of peace in a society

What is empathy?

-Course
-Pictures
-Realia
-Charts
-Computing devices

-Oral questions -Written questions -Observations

People and Relationships
Natural and Historic Built Environment.

Peaceful conflict Resolution
Map reading and interpretation.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
-Describe importance of peace
-Compose poems on the importance of peace in the
family
-Appreciate the culture of peace in a society

-The learner is guided to describe importance of peace
-Learner is guided to display team spirit as they work in groups to compose poems on the importance of peace in the family and present in class

What is the importance of peace in the family?

-Course
-Pictures
-Realia
-Charts
-Computing devices
MTP; Social Studies Learner's Book Grade 8 pg. 87-89
Pictures
Charts
Realia
Computing devices

-Oral questions -Written questions -Observations

Natural and Historic Built Environment

Map reading and interpretation.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Identify the elements of marginal information.
Study the interlocking cards and match them.
Draw the map on learner's book 8 page 92
Appreciate the elements of marginal information.

Individually, learners are guided to identify the elements of marginal information.
Individually, learners are guided to study the interlocking cards and match them.
Individually, learners are guided to draw the map on learner's book 8 page 92

What are the elements of marginal information?

MTP; Social Studies Learner's Book Grade 8 pg. 90-93
Pictures
Charts
Realia
Computing devices

Oral questions Oral Report Observation

Natural and Historic Built Environment

Types and uses of scales on maps
Converting a statement scale to a representative fraction scale.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Explain the meaning of scale in maps.
State the types of scales used on maps.
Study the scales on page 94 and match each scale to its name.
Appreciate the types of scales on maps.

Individually, learners are guided to explain the meaning of scale in maps.
Individually, learners are guided to state the types of scales used on maps.
Individually, learners are guided to study the scales on page 94 and match each scale to its name.

What is a scale?

MTP; Social Studies Learner's Book Grade 8 pg. 93-95
Pictures
Charts
Realia
Computing devices
MTP; Social Studies Learner's Book Grade 8 pg. 95-96

Oral questions Oral Report Observation

Natural and Historic Built Environment

Converting linear scale into representative fraction

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Outline the procedure of converting linear scale into representative fraction.
Convert linear scale into representative fraction.
Enjoy the calculations.

In pairs or individually, learners are guided to outline the procedure of converting linear scale into representative fraction.
In pairs or individually, learners are guided to convert linear scale into representative fraction.

How many centimeters equals one kilometer?

MTP; Social Studies Learner's Book Grade 8 pg. 96
Pictures
Charts
Realia
Computing devices

Oral questions Oral Report Observation

Natural and Historic Built Environment

Convert representative fraction scale (RF) into linear scale.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Outline the procedure of converting representative fraction scale into linear scale
Convert representative fraction scale into linear scale.
Enjoy the calculations.

In pairs or individually, learners are guided to outline the procedure of converting representative fraction scale into linear scale
In pairs or individually, learners are guided to convert representative fraction scale into linear scale.

How do you convert linear scale into representative fraction scale?

MTP; Social Studies Learner's Book Grade 8 pg. 98-99
Pictures
Charts
Realia
Computing devices

Oral questions Oral Report Observation

Natural and Historic Built Environment

Determining distances and areas of places on a map using scales; Measuring distances on a topographical map
Determining distances and areas of places on a map using scales

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Outline the procedure of measuring distance along a straight line on a topographical map using a sheet of paper.
Measure the distance along a straight line on a topographical map using a sheet of paper.
Have fun and enjoy measuring distances.

In pairs or individually, learners are guided to outline the procedure of measuring distance along a straight line on a topographical map using a sheet of paper.
In pairs or individually, learners are guided to measure the distance along a straight line on a topographical map using a sheet of paper.

What is a topographical map?

MTP; Social Studies Learner's Book Grade 8 pg. 99-100
Pictures
Charts
Realia
Computing devices
MTP; Social Studies Learner's Book Grade 8 pg. 101-102

Oral questions Oral Report Observation

Natural and Historic Built Environment

Measuring along a curved line.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Outline the procedure of measuring distances between different places on the map using a string on a topographical map.
Measure the distance between different places on the map using a string on a topographical map.
Appreciate the importance of topographical map.

In pairs or individually, learners are guided to outline the procedure of measuring distances between different places on the map using a string on a topographical map.
In pairs or individually, learners are guided to measure the distance between different places on the map using a string on a topographical map.

Why do we use a string to measure a curved line?

MTP; Social Studies Learner's Book Grade 8 pg. 102-103
Pictures
Charts
Realia
Computing devices

Oral questions Oral Report Observation

Natural and Historic Built Environment

Measuring along a curved line.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Outline the procedure to measure distances between different places on a map along curved line on a topographical map using a pair of dividers.
Measure the distance between different places on a map along a curved line on a topographical map using a pair of dividers.
Appreciate the use of a pair of dividers.

In pairs or individually, learners are guided to outline the procedure to measure distances between different places on a map along curved line on a topographical map using a pair of dividers.
In pairs or individually, learners are guided to measure the distance between different places on a map along a curved line on a topographical map using a pair of dividers.

What is a curved line?

MTP; Social Studies Learner's Book Grade 8 pg. 104-105
Pictures
Charts
Realia
Computing devices
MTP; Social Studies Learner's Book Grade 8 pg. 105-106

Oral questions Oral Report Observation

Natural and Historic Built Environment

Calculating areas on a map using scales.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Identify the formulae used to calculate the areas of rectangles, squares, triangle and circle.
Draw features with regular shapes.
Calculate the areas of rectangles, squares, triangles and circles.
Have fun and enjoy the work out.

In groups, in pairs or individually, learners are guided to identify the formulae used to calculate the areas of rectangles, squares, triangle and circle.
In groups, in pairs or individually, learners are guided to draw features with regular shapes.
In groups, in pairs or individually, learners are guided to calculate the areas of rectangles, squares, triangles and circles.

Which formulae can you use to calculate the areas of rectangles, squares, triangles and circle?

MTP; Social Studies Learner's Book Grade 8 pg. 106-107
Pictures
Charts
Realia
Computing devices

Oral questions Oral Report Observation

Natural and Historic Built Environment

Calculating areas of irregular shapes.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Identify the formula of calculating the area of irregular shaped by use of rectangles and triangles method.
Calculate the area of irregular shapes by use of rectangles and triangles method.
Have fun and enjoy working out.

In groups, in pairs or individually, learners are guided to identify the formula of calculating the area of irregular shaped by use of rectangles and triangles method.
In groups, in pairs or individually, learners are guided to calculate the area of irregular shapes by use of rectangles and triangles method.

Which features on maps have irregular shapes?

MTP; Social Studies Learner's Book Grade 8 pg. 108-109
Pictures
Charts
Realia
Computing devices

Oral questions Oral Report Observation

Natural and Historic Built Environment

Use of strips.
Use of grid squares.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Explain the method use of strips.
Outline the procedure of calculating an area using the method of strips.
Calculate the area of each rectangular strip.
Appreciate the use of strip method.

In groups, in pairs or individually, learners are guided to explain the method use of strips
In groups, in pairs or individually, learners are guided to outline the procedure of calculating an area using the method of strips.
In groups, in pairs or individually, learners are guided to calculate the area of each rectangular strip

How do you calculate an area of a rectangular strip?

MTP; Social Studies Learner's Book Grade 8 pg. 109-110
Pictures
Charts
Realia
Computing devices
MTP; Social Studies Learner's Book Grade 8 pg. 110-112

Oral questions Oral Report Observation

Natural and Historic Built Environment

Methods of representing relief on topographical maps.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Explain the meaning of "Relief" on maps.
Identify some relief features represented using different methods.
Draw some relief features found on maps.
Appreciate the use of relief features.

In groups, in pairs or individually, learners are guided to explain the meaning of "Relief" on maps.
In groups, in pairs or individually, learners are guided to identify some relief features represented using different methods.
In groups, in pairs or individually, learners are guided to draw some relief features found on maps.

What are relief features?

MTP; Social Studies Learner's Book Grade 8 pg. 112-114
Pictures
Charts
Realia
Computing devices

Oral questions Oral Report Observation

Natural and Historic Built Environment

Drainage features.
Interpreting physical features on a map.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Identify how vegetation is represented on a topographical map.
Draw some of the drainage features.
Examine how drainage features are represented on a topographical map.
Appreciate the use of drainage features.

In groups, in pairs or individually, learners are guided to identify how vegetation is represented on a topographical map.
In groups, in pairs or individually, learners are guided to draw some of the drainage features.
In groups, in pairs or individually, learners are guided to examine how drainage features are represented on a topographical map.

What are some of the drainage features?

MTP; Social Studies Learner's Book Grade 8 pg. 114-116
Pictures
Charts
Realia
Computing devices
MTP; Social Studies Learner's Book Grade 8 pg. 116-118

Oral questions Oral Report Observation

Natural and Historic Built Environment

Interpreting physical features on a map.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Identify forms of lines use on relief on topographical maps.
Examine the economic activities carried out in an area on a map.
Appreciate the importance of economic activities.

In groups, in pairs or individually, learners are guided to identify forms of lines use on relief on topographical maps.
In groups, in pairs or individually, learners are guided to examine the economic activities carried out in an area on a map.

What are economic activities?

MTP; Social Studies Learner's Book Grade 8 pg. 119-120
Pictures
Charts
Realia
Computing devices

Oral questions Oral Report Observation

Natural and Historic Built Environment

Weather and Climate: Factors influencing weather and climate in Africa.
Distribution and characteristics of climatic regions in Africa.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Explain the meaning of weather.
Identify the factors that influence weather and Climate.
Demonstrate how the factors influence weather and climate.
Have a desire to learn more about weather and climate.

In groups, in pairs or individually, learners are guided to explain the meaning of weather.
In groups, in pairs or individually, learners are guided to Identify the factors that influence weather and Climate
In groups, in pairs or individually, learners are guided to demonstrate how the factors influence weather and climate.

What is weather?

MTP; Social Studies Learner's Book Grade 8 pg. 121-122
Pictures
Charts
Realia
Computing devices
MTP; Social Studies Learner's Book Grade 8 pg. 123-124

Oral questions Oral Report Observation

Natural and Historic Built Environment

Equatorial Climate

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Explain the meaning of equatorial.
Identify characteristics of equatorial climate.
Search in atlases for information about where equatorial climate is experienced in Africa.
Appreciate the importance of equatorial climate.

In groups, in pairs or individually, learners are guided to explain the meaning of equatorial.
In groups, in pairs or individually, learners are guided to identify characteristics of equatorial climate
In groups, in pairs or individually, learners are guided to search in atlases for information about where equatorial climate is experienced in Africa.

What is equatorial climate? What are the characteristics of equatorial climate?

MTP; Social Studies Learner's Book Grade 8 pg. 124
Pictures
Charts
Realia
Computing devices

Oral questions Oral Report Observation

Natural and Historic Built Environment

Tropical climate.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Identify the characteristics of modified tropical climate.
List the countries whose coastal areas experienced the described climate.
Search in atlases for information about where tropical climate is experienced in Africa.
Appreciate the importance of tropical climate.

In groups, in pairs or individually, learners are guided to identify the characteristics of modified tropical climate.
In groups, in pairs or individually, learners are guided to list the countries whose coastal areas experienced the described climate.
In groups, in pairs or individually, learners are guided to search in atlases for information about where tropical climate is experienced in Africa.

What are the characteristics of modified tropical climate?

MTP; Social Studies Learner's Book Grade 8 pg. 125-126
Pictures
Charts
Realia
Computing devices

Oral questions Oral Report Observation

Natural and Historic Built Environment

Desert climate.
Mediterranean climate.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Identify the characteristics of desert climate.
List down the areas where climate region is experienced.
Search in atlases for information about where desert climate is experienced in Africa.
Appreciate the use of maps.

In groups, in pairs or individually, learners are guided to identify the characteristics of desert climate.
In groups, in pairs or individually, learners are guided to list down the areas where climate region is experienced.
In groups, in pairs or individually, learners are guided to search in atlases for information about where desert climate is experienced in Africa.

What are the characteristics of semi-arid climate?

MTP; Social Studies Learner's Book Grade 8 pg. 126-129
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Charts
Realia
Computing devices
MTP; Social Studies Learner's Book Grade 8 pg. 129-131

Oral questions Oral Report Observation

Natural and Historic Built Environment

Causes and effects of climate change in the environment.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

State the effects of climate change in the environment.
Identify the causes of climate change in the environment.
Categorise the factors as human factors or natural factors.
Have a desire to learn more about climate change.

In groups, in pairs or individually, learners are guided to state the effects of climate change in the environment.
In groups, in pairs or individually, learners are guided to identify the causes of climate change in the environment.
In groups, in pairs or individually, learners are guided to categorise the factors as human factors or natural factors.

What are the effects of climate change in the environment? What are the causes of climate change in the environment?

MTP; Social Studies Learner's Book Grade 8 pg. 131-136
Pictures
Charts
Realia
Computing devices

Oral questions Oral Report Observation

Natural and Historic Built Environment

Possible solutions to the effects of climate change in the environment.
Vegetation in Africa: Factors influencing vegetation distribution in Africa.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Identify possible solutions to the effects of climate change in the environment.
State the importance of taking care of the environment.
Demonstrate how technology can be used to save the world from climate change.
Appreciate the importance of the environment.

In groups, in pairs or individually, learners are guided to identify possible solutions to the effects of climate change in the environment.
In groups, in pairs or individually, learners are guided to state the importance of taking care of the environment.
In groups, in pairs or individually, learners are guided to demonstrate how technology can be used to save the world from climate change.

What are possible solutions to the effects of climate change in the environment? What care should you give to trees and natural vegetation?

MTP; Social Studies Learner's Book Grade 8 pg. 136-139
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Realia
Computing devices
MTP; Social Studies Learner's Book Grade 8 pg. 141-144

Oral questions Oral Report Observation

Natural and Historic Built Environment

Characteristics of major vegetation regions in Africa: Tropical rainforest

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Identify the characteristics of modified tropical rainforest.
List the countries where tropical rainforest is experienced.
Search in atlases for information about where tropical rainforest is experienced in Africa.
Appreciate the importance of tropical rainforest.

In groups, in pairs or individually, learners are guided to identify the characteristics of modified tropical rainforest.
In groups, in pairs or individually, learners are guided to list the countries where tropical rainforest is experienced.
In groups, in pairs or individually, learners are guided to search in atlases for information about where tropical rainforest is experienced in Africa.

What are the characteristics of tropical rainforest? Why is the floor of the tropical rainforest so dark and only few plants grow there?

MTP; Social Studies Learner's Book Grade 8 pg. 144-146
Pictures
Charts
Realia
Computing devices

Oral questions Oral Report Observation

Natural and Historic Built Environment

Savanna vegetation (Tropical Grassland)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Identify the characteristics of savanna vegetation.
Explain the different ways in which plants in the savanna vegetation have adopted to harsh climatic conditions.
Search in atlases for information about where savanna vegetation is experienced in Africa.
Appreciate the importance of savanna vegetation.

In groups, in pairs or individually, learners are guided to identify the characteristics of savanna vegetation.
In groups, in pairs or individually, learners are guided to explain the different ways in which plants in the savanna vegetation have adopted to harsh climatic conditions.
In groups, in pairs or individually, learners are guided to search in atlases for information about where savanna vegetation is experienced in Africa.

What are the characteristics of savanna vegetation?

MTP; Social Studies Learner's Book Grade 8 pg. 146-147
Pictures
Charts
Realia
Computing devices

Oral questions Oral Report Observation

Natural and Historic Built Environment

Desert vegetation.
Semi desert vegetation.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Identify the characteristics of desert vegetation.
Name the animals found in desert vegetation.
Search in atlases for information about where desert vegetation is experienced in Africa.
Appreciate the use of atlases.

In groups, in pairs or individually, learners are guided to identify the characteristics of desert vegetation.
In groups, in pairs or individually, learners are guided to name the animals found in desert vegetation.
In groups, in pairs or individually, learners are guided to search in atlases for information about where desert vegetation is experienced in Africa.

What type of animals are found in desert vegetation? How are the plants adopted to the vegetation zone?

MTP; Social Studies Learner's Book Grade 8 pg. 147-148
Pictures
Charts
Realia
Computing devices
MTP; Social Studies Learner's Book Grade 8 pg. 148-149

Oral questions Oral Report Observation

Natural and Historic Built Environment

Mediterranean vegetation.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Identify the characteristics of Mediterranean vegetation.
Highlight different plant species found in Mediterranean vegetation.
Search in atlases for information about where Mediterranean vegetation is experienced in Africa.
Appreciate the importance of Mediterranean vegetation.

In groups, in pairs or individually, learners are guided to identify the characteristics of Mediterranean vegetation.
In groups, in pairs or individually, learners are guided to highlight different plant species found in Mediterranean vegetation.
In groups, in pairs or individually, learners are guided to search in atlases for information about where Mediterranean vegetation is experienced in Africa.

What are the characteristics of Mediterranean vegetation?

MTP; Social Studies Learner's Book Grade 8 pg. 149-150
Pictures
Charts
Realia
Computing devices

Oral questions Oral Report Observation

Natural and Historic Built Environment

Mangrove vegetation.
Mountain vegetation.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Identify the characteristics of mangrove vegetation.
Name the main plants in mangrove vegetation.
Search in atlases for information about where mangrove vegetation is experienced in Africa.
Appreciate the importance of mangrove vegetation.

In groups, in pairs or individually, learners are guided to identify the characteristics of mangrove vegetation
In groups, in pairs or individually, learners are guided to name the main plants in mangrove vegetation.
In groups, in pairs or individually, learners are guided to search in atlases for information about where mangrove vegetation is experienced in Africa.

Which are the main plants in mangrove vegetation? What are the adaptations of mangrove trees to their environment?

MTP; Social Studies Learner's Book Grade 8 pg. 150
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Computing devices
MTP; Social Studies Learner's Book Grade 8 pg. 151-152

Oral questions Oral Report Observation

Natural and Historic Built Environment

Locating major vegetation regions of Africa.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Draw an outline of the map of Africa.
Trace the locations occupied by various vegetation.
Indicate the vegetation regions in Africa using different colours.
Appreciate the use of an atlas.

In groups, in pairs or individually, learners are guided to draw an outline of the map of Africa.
In groups, in pairs or individually, learners are guided to trace the locations occupied by various vegetation
In groups, in pairs or individually, learners are guided to indicate the vegetation regions in Africa using different colours

What have you learnt about vegetation?

MTP; Social Studies Learner's Book Grade 8 pg. 152-154
Pictures
Charts
Realia
Computing devices

Oral questions Oral Report Observation

Natural and Historic Built Environment

Methods of conserving vegetation in the community.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Identify methods of conserving vegetation in the community.
Give reasons why people conserve vegetation in the community.
Recite the poem on learner's book 8 page 157
Appreciate the improvements of conserving vegetation.

In groups, in pairs or individually, learners are guided to identify methods of conserving vegetation in the community
In groups, in pairs or individually, learners are guided to give reasons why people conserve vegetation in the community
In groups, in pairs or individually, learners are guided to recite the poem on learner's book 8 page 157

What is the importance of vegetation? Which methods do you use to conserve vegetation?

MTP; Social Studies Learner's Book Grade 8 pg. 154-157
Pictures
Charts
Realia
Computing devices

Oral questions Oral Report Observation

Natural and Historic Built Environment

Historical sites and Monuments in Africa: Locations of historical sites and monuments.
Importance of historical sites and monuments for preservation of cultural heritage.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Explain the meaning of monuments.
Identify various historical sites and monuments.
Draw the map of Africa and identify the historical sites found on the map.
Appreciate the use of historical sites.

In groups, in pairs or individually, learners are guided to explain the meaning of monuments.
In groups, in pairs or individually, learners are guided to identify various historical sites and monuments.
In groups, in pairs or individually, learners are guided to draw the map of Africa and identify the historical sites found on the map.

What is a monument?

MTP; Social Studies Learner's Book Grade 8 pg. 159-160
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Charts
Realia
Computing devices
MTP; Social Studies Learner's Book Grade 8 pg. 160-163

Oral questions Oral Report Observation

Natural and Historic Built Environment

Ways of conserving historical sites and monuments in Africa.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Identify ways of conserving historical sites and monuments in Africa.
List activities that can be done to preserve historical sites and monuments.
Create posters on ways of conserving the historical sites.
Appreciate the ways of conserving historical sites and monuments in Africa.

In groups, in pairs or individually, learners are guided to identify ways of conserving historical sites and monuments in Africa
In groups, in pairs or individually, learners are guided to list activities that can be done to preserve historical sites and monuments
In groups, in pairs or individually, learners are guided to create posters on ways of conserving the historical sites

What are the challenges threatening the existence of Fort Jesus? What are some activities that can be done to preserve historical sites and monuments?

MTP; Social Studies Learner's Book Grade 8 pg. 164-165
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Charts
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Computing devices

Oral questions Oral Report Observation