DEMAND.

Definition of demand. Factors influencing demand.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:


Define demand and effective demand.

State factors that influence demand of a commodity.

Brain storming;
Exposition;
Discussion.

text book

New Inventor
KLB BOOK III
Pg 1

DEMAND.

Factors influencing demand.
Demand schedule for an individual or entire market.
Demand curves.
Movement along, and shift in demand curves.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain factors that influence demand of a commodity.

Explanations;
Discussion.

text book
Graph papers.
Chart- increasing and decreasing -supply.

New Inventor KLB BOOK IIIPg 2-5

SUPPLY.

Factors influencing supply of a product.
Supply schedule and supply curve.
Movement along the curve.supply curve.
Shift in supply curve.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain factors that influence demand of a commodity.

Explanations;
Discussion.

chart
text book

New Inventor KLB BOOK III Pg 9-13

SUPPLY.

Equilibrium price and equilibrium quantity.
Equilibrium price and quantity. (graphical method)
Effects of change in demand on the equilibrium.
Effects of change in supply on the equilibrium.
Excess demand and excess supply.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define the terms equilibrium price and equilibrium quantity.
Use demand and supply schedule to determine equilibrium price.

Examine schedules;
Make deductions;
Discussion.

Demand and supply schedule.
Graph papers.
chart
text book

New Inventor KLB BOOK III Pg 16-17

SUPPLY.
SIZE AND LOCATION OF A FIRM
SIZE AND LOCATION OF A FIRM
SIZE AND LOCATION OF A FIRM

Other methods of determining the price of a product.
Concept of firm and industry.
Size of a firm.
Location of a firm.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Outline other methods of determining the price o a product.

Exposition;
Probing questions;
Discussion.

text book
chart

New Inventor KLB BOOK III Pg 20-21

SIZE AND LOCATION OF A FIRM

Localization of a firm.
Delocalization of a firm.
Internal economies of scale. External economies of scale.
Internal and external diseconomies of scale.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Outline factors that encourage localization of a firm.
State advantages and disadvantages of localization of a firm.

Exposition;
Oral questions;
Discussion.

chart
text book

New Inventor KLB BOOK III Pg 27-28

SIZE AND LOCATION OF A FIRM
PRODUCT MARKETS

Existence of small firms.
Negative impact of production activities on the environment.
Maintaining a healthy environment.
Introduction.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Give reasons that contribute to existence of small firms.

Brain storming;
Oral questions;
Discussion.

text book
chart

New Inventor KLB BOOK III Pg 32-33

PRODUCT MARKETS

Perfect competition market.
Monopoly.
Monopoly power.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Outline features of a perfect market.

text book

New Inventor KLB BOOK III Pg 41-42

PRODUCT MARKETS

Monopolistic competition.
Oligopoly.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Outline features of a monopolistic competition.
Describe price & output determination under monopolistic competition.

Exposition, discussion and sketching illustrative graphs.

chat,text book
text book

New Inventor KLB BOOK III Pg 45-46

PRODUCT MARKETS
CHAIN OF DISTRIBUTION
CHAIN OF DISTRIBUTION
CHAIN OF DISTRIBUTION
CHAIN OF DISTRIBUTION

The kinked demand curve.
Channels of distribution.
Distribution of local agricultural produce.
Distribution of locally manufactured goods.
Distribution of imported goods.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Interpret the kinked demand curve.

Curve sketching;
Discussion.

text book
Chart ?channels of distribution of local agricultural produce
Flow chart.

New Inventor KLB BOOK III Pg 47-48

CHAIN OF DISTRIBUTION
NATIONAL INCOME.
NATIONAL INCOME.

Roles played by intermediaries in the distribution chain.
Choice of distribution channel.
Meaning of national income, GDP, NDP, GNP & NNP. Per capita income.
Circular flow of income.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Outline roles played by intermediaries in the distribution chain.

Brain storming;
Oral questions;
Discussion.

Illustrative flow charts.
text book
Chart: circular flow of income.

New Inventor KLB BOOK III Pg 54-57

NATIONAL INCOME.

Factors affecting circular flow of income.
Expenditure approach of determining national income.
Income approach of determining national income.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Outline factors that affect circular flow of income.

Oral questions;
Exposition of concepts.

text book
Calculators,text book
Calculators.

New Inventor KLB BOOK III Pg 61-62

NATIONAL INCOME.
POPULATION & EMPLOYMENT.

Output approach of determining national income.
Uses of national income statistics.
Levels of national income.
Population growth.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Determine national income using output approach.
List down problems associated with output approach.

Exposition of new concepts;
Probing questions;
Guided discussion;
Calculations.

Calculators.
text book

New Inventor KLB BOOK III Pg 65-66

POPULATION & EMPLOYMENT.

Optimum population.
Under-population.
Over-population.
Young population.
Ageing population.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define the term optimum population.
Illustrate the concept of optimum population graphically.
Explain what optimum population depicts.

Exposition of new concepts;
Probing questions;
Guided discussion;
Illustrative curve sketching.

Chart- optimum population.
Chart- under population.
Chart- over population.
text book

New Inventor KLB BOOK III Pg 73-74

POPULATION & EMPLOYMENT.

Declining population.
Population structure.
Employment and unemployment.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
State factors that may lead to a declining population.
Outline effects of a declining population.

Q/A to review young population;
Discussion on ageing and declining populations.

Chart- population structure pyramid.,
Diagram of vicious cycle of rapid population growth.
text book

New Inventor KLB BOOK III Pg 78-79

POPULATION & EMPLOYMENT.
NET WORTH OF A BUSINESS.

Causes of unemployment.
Solving unemployment problems.
Basic terms used in business.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Outline the main causes of unemployment.

Q/A and brief discussion

text book

New Inventor KLB BOOK III Pg 87-88

NET WORTH OF A BUSINESS.

Book-keeping Equation.
Balance sheet.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify sources of assets.
Derive and explain the bookkeeping equation.

Use a concrete example to arrive at the book-keeping equation.
Apply the book-keeping equation.
Supervised practice.

text book

New Inventor KLB BOOK III Pg 95-97

NET WORTH OF A BUSINESS.

Importance of a balance sheet.
Book-keeping equation and balance sheet.
Net worth of a business.
Topic review.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain importance of a balance sheet.

Probing questions;
Discussion.

chart

New Inventor KLB BOOK III Pg 99

BUSINESS TRANSACTIONS

Types of business transactions.
Effects of transactions on the balance sheet.
Changes in capital: Drawing.
Additional investments.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:


Give examples of business transactions.
Define the term deferred payment.
Give examples of credit transactions.

Probing questions;
Oral questions;
Brief guided discussion.

chart

New Inventor KLB BOOK III Pg 103

BUSINESS TRANSACTIONS
THE LEDGER.

Profit & losses.
Initial and final capital of a business.
Meaning and purpose of a ledger.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Determine the solvency of a business.

Q/A : review meaning of terms profit and loss.
Work through examples.

text book
A ledger book.

New Inventor KLB BOOK III Pg 109-110

THE LEDGER.

Rules of recording transactions in ledger accounts.
The concept of double entry.
Recording business transactions in ledger accounts.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Record transactions in a ledger A/Cs.

Exposition and summary in tabular form

A ledger.
text book
Ledger.

New Inventor KLB BOOK III 118-120

THE LEDGER.

Purchase of goods and purchase of stock in cash / on credit.
Purchase returns.
Sale returns.
Expenses in ledger account.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Record purchase of stock in cash / on credit.

Exposition;
Oral questions;
Guided discovery.

The Ledger.

New Inventor KLB BOOK III Pg 127-9

THE LEDGER.

Revenues in ledger accounts.
Drawings in ledger accounts.
Balancing ledger accounts.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Record revenues in the ledger account.

Worked examples;
Supervised practice.

The Ledger.

New Inventor KLB BOOK III Pg 131

THE LEDGER.

Balancing an account with only one entry.
Uses of ledger accounts.
Trial balance. Purpose of a trial balance.
Limitations of a trial balance.
Classification of ledger accounts.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Balance an account with only one entry.

Oral questions;
Guided discovery;
Worked examples.

The Ledger.
chart

New Inventor KLB BOOK III Pg 134-6

THE LEDGER.

The general ledger.
Topic review.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Outline features of the general ledger.

Oral questions;
Guided discussion.

Chart ?classes of accounts and appropriate ledgers.

New Inventor KLB BOOK III Pg 141

THE CASH BOOK
SOURCE DOCUMENTS & BOOKS OF ORIGINAL ENTRY

Types of cash books. Single- column cash book.
The two- column cash book.
Ledger accounts from three-column cash book.
The three-column cash book.
Source documents Introduction. Cash receipt.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:


List types of cashbooks.
Identify features of a single-column cash book.
Post entries in a single-column cash book.

Worked examples.
Written assignment.

Single-column cash book.
Two-column cash book.
3-column cash book, the ledger.
3-column cash book.
Cash receipts

New Inventor KLB BOOK III Pg 151-2

SOURCE DOCUMENTS & BOOKS OF ORIGINAL ENTRY

Invoice.
Debit note and credit note.
Payment voucher & petty cash voucher.
Books of original entry. Sales journal.
Posting from sales journal to sales ledger and general ledger.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Outline details of an invoice.

Examine an invoice.
Probing questions on details of an invoice;
Discussion.

Invoices.
Debit note and credit note.
Payment voucher & petty cash voucher.
Sales journal.
Sales ledger.

New Inventor K.L.B. BK IV. Pg. 3-4

SOURCE DOCUMENTS & BOOKS OF ORIGINAL ENTRY

Sales returns journal.
Posting entries to the general ledger and sales ledger.
Purchases journal.
Purchases return journal.
Cash receipt journal.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain purpose of a sales returns journal.
Prepare a sales return journal.

Examine a sales return journal.
Discussion on its features Illustrated example: preparing a sales journal given a number of transactions.

Sales returns journal sample page.
Sales return journal sample page.
Purchases journal sample page.
Purchases return journal sample page.
Cash receipt journal.

New Inventor K.L.B. BK IV. Pg. 13-14

SOURCE DOCUMENTS & BOOKS OF ORIGINAL ENTRY

Cash payment journal.
The petty cash book with imprest system.
Analysis cash book.
General journal.
Transactions passed through the general journal.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Prepare a cash payment journal.
Post cash payment journal entries to ledger accounts correctly.

Exposition of new concepts;
Illustrated example;
Written exercise.

Illustrated cash payment ledger.
Illustrated petty cash book.
Cash analysis sample page.
General journal sample page.
text book

New Inventor K.L.B. BK IV. Pg. 22-23

SOURCE DOCUMENTS & BOOKS OF ORIGINAL ENTRY
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Importance of journals.
Basic financial ratios: - Mark-up.
- Margin.
Using mark-up or margin to prepare a trading account.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
State reasons for maintaining journals.

Probing questions;
Brief discussion;
Topic review & summary;
Review of written exercises.

text book
chart,text book

New Inventor K.L.B. BK IV. Pg. 41-53

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Current ratio or Working capital ratio.
Rate of stock turnover.
Stock turn-over and trading account.
Return on Capital.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define the term current ratio or working capital ratio.
Explain importance of current ratio.
Calculate current ratio given various balances.

Exposition & Worked examples;
Discussion.

text book,chart
chart
text book
chart, text book

New Inventor K.L.B. BK IV. Pg. 75-76

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
MONEY & BANKING
MONEY & BANKING

Acid test or quick ratio.
Introduction. Barter trade.
Money system Characteristics of money.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Determine the quick ratio given current assets, stock and current liabilities.

Exposition of new concepts;
Simple calculations.

Business Magazines.
text book

New Inventor K.L.B. BK IV. Pg. 79-80

MONEY & BANKING

Functions of money.
Demand for money (liquidity preference)
Supply of money. Banking System.
Development of Banking. Commercial Banks.
Services offered by commercial banks.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain major functions of money.

Probing questions;
Discussion.

chart
text book
chart,text book

New Inventor K.L.B. BK IV. Pg. 96-97

MONEY & BANKING
PUBLIC FINANCE
PUBLIC FINANCE

Non-banking financial institutions.
Functions of the Central bank.
Trends in banking.
Purpose of public finance. Sources of public finance.
External borrowing.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Cite examples of non-banking financial institutions.
State functions of non-banking financial institutions.
Outline differences between commercial bank and NBFI.

Exposition;
Brief discussion;
Probing questions.

text book
chart,text book
Business Magazines.

New Inventor K.L.B. BK IV. Pg. 109-113

PUBLIC FINANCE

Government expenditure. Principles of public expenditure.
Taxation.
Principles of taxation.
Impact and incidence of tax. Classification of taxes on basis of structure.
Classification of taxes on basis of impact on the tax payer. - Direct tax.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Differentiate between recurrent and development expenditure.
Outline principles of public expenditure.

Exposition & discussion.

Newspaper cuttings & relevant magazines.
text book

New Inventor K.L.B. BK IV. Pg. 129-130

PUBLIC FINANCE
INFLATION
INFLATION
INFLATION

Classification of taxes on basis of impact on the tax payer. - Indirect tax.
Topic summary / review
Introduction Consumer Price index
Simple and weighted price relatives.
Types of inflation. Causes of demand- pull inflation.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
State merits and demerits of Indirect tax.

Q/A and guided discussion.

text book
Newspaper cuttings & relevant magazines.
Price relative tables.

Pg. 138-141

INFLATION
INTERNATIONAL TRADE
INTERNATIONAL TRADE

Causes of cost- pull inflation.
Levels of inflation & Effects of inflation on the economy of a country.
Controlling inflation.
Types of International Trade. Advantages and disadvantages of International Trade.
Terms of International Trade.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain the concept of cost-pull inflation.
Explain the causes of cost-pull inflation.

Expository and descriptive approaches with probing questions.

Newspaper cuttings & relevant magazines.
text book

Pg. 152

INTERNATIONAL TRADE
ECONOMIC INTEGRATION
ECONOMIC INTEGRATION
ECONOMIC INTEGRATION

Terms of trade among different countries.
Forms & importance of economic integration.
Trade restrictions.
Methods of trade restrictions.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Account for differences in terms of terms of trade among nations.

Probing questions and guided discussion.

newspaper
text book

Pg. 167-8

ECONOMIC INTEGRATION
ECONOMIC DEVP AND PLANNING
ECONOMIC DEVP AND PLANNING
ECONOMIC DEVP AND PLANNING
ECONOMIC DEVP AND PLANNING
ECONOMIC DEVP AND PLANNING

Advantages and disadvantages of trade restrictions.
Trends in international trade.
Growth and development.
Underdevelopment.
Factors for underdevelopment.
Development planning.
Problems encountered in development planning.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
State advantages and disadvantages of trade restrictions.

Exposition of new concepts.

text book
newspaper

Pg 187-8