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| WK | LSN | TOPIC | SUB-TOPIC | OBJECTIVES | T/L ACTIVITIES | T/L AIDS | REFERENCE | REMARKS |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2 | 1 |
ENERGY CHANGES IN PHYSICAL & CHEMICAL PROCESSES.
|
Endothermic and Exothermic Reactions.
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
To differentiate between endothermic & exothermic reactions. |
Investigate temperature changes in solution formation. Obtain changes in temperature when ammonium nitrate and sodium hydroxide are dissolved in water, one at a time. |
Ammonium nitrate, Sodium hydroxide, thermometers. |
K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 32-33 |
|
| 2 | 2-3 |
ENERGY CHANGES IN PHYSICAL & CHEMICAL PROCESSES.
|
Energy level diagrams.
Enthalpy Notation. Change of state. |
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Represent endothermic reactions with exothermic reactions with energy level diagrams. Define the term enthalpy. Distinguish positive enthalpy change from negative enthalpy change. Determine the M.P/ B.P of a pure substance. |
Probing questions on relative energies of reactants and products in endothermic and exothermic and endothermic reactions.
Q/A and brief discussion. Class experiments: determine B.P of pure water/ M.P of naphthalene / ice. Use experimental results to plot temperature-time graphs. Explain the shape of the graphs. Q/A: review kinetic theory of matter. Apply the theory to explain the shape of the graph, and nature of bonding in substances. |
student book
Ice, naphthalene, thermometers, graph papers. |
K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 33-35 K.L.B. BK IV Pages 35-39 |
|
| 2 | 4 |
ENERGY CHANGES IN PHYSICAL & CHEMICAL PROCESSES.
|
CAT
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
|
|
|
|
|
| 2 | 5 |
ENERGY CHANGES IN PHYSICAL & CHEMICAL PROCESSES.
|
Molar heat of solution.
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Determine molar heat of solution of given substances. |
Dissolve known masses of ammonia nitrate / sodium hydroxide in known volumes of water.
Determine temperature changes. Calculate molar heat of solution. Supervised practice. |
Ammonia nitrate / sodium hydroxide, thermometers.
|
K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 40-41 |
|
| 3 | 1 |
ENERGY CHANGES IN PHYSICAL & CHEMICAL PROCESSES.
|
Molar heat of solution of H2SO4.
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Determine molar heat of solution of H2SO4. |
Dissolve some known volume of conc. H2SO4 in a given volume of water.
Note the change in temperature. Work out the molar heat of solution of H2SO4. |
Conc. H2SO4, thermometers.
|
K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 42-45 |
|
| 3 | 2-3 |
ENERGY CHANGES IN PHYSICAL & CHEMICAL PROCESSES.
|
Molar heat of solution of H2SO4.
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Determine molar heat of solution of H2SO4. |
Dissolve some known volume of conc. H2SO4 in a given volume of water.
Note the change in temperature. Work out the molar heat of solution of H2SO4. |
Conc. H2SO4, thermometers.
|
K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 42-45 |
|
| 3 | 4 |
ENERGY CHANGES IN PHYSICAL & CHEMICAL PROCESSES.
|
Enthalpy of combustion.
Enthalpy of combustion.
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Define the term enthalpy of combustion. Determine the enthalpy of combustion of ethanol. Explain why actual heats of combustion are usually lower than the theoretical values. |
Group experiments / teacher demonstration.
Obtain and record results. Work out calculations. |
Ethanol, distilled water, thermometer, clear wick, tripod stand and wire gauze.
|
K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 45-48 |
|
| 3 | 5 |
ENERGY CHANGES IN PHYSICAL & CHEMICAL PROCESSES.
|
Molar heat of displacement of ions.
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Define the term molar heat of solution of displacement of ions. Determine the molar heat of solution of displacement of ions. |
Group experiments/ teacher demonstration.
Note steady temperature of solutions formed when zinc/ iron / magnesium reacts with copper sulphate solution. Work out the molar heat of displacement of a substance from a solution of its ions. |
Zinc, iron, magnesium, copper sulphate solution.
|
K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 48-50 |
|
| 4 | 1 |
ENERGY CHANGES IN PHYSICAL & CHEMICAL PROCESSES.
|
Molar heat of solution of neutralization.
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Define the term neutralization. Determine the molar heat of neutralization of HCl with NaOH. |
Class experiments:
Neutralize 2M HCl of known volume with a determined volume of 1M / 2M sodium hydroxide. Note highest temperature of the solution. Work out the molar heat of neutralization. Solve other related problems. Assignment. |
2M HCl of known volume, 1M / 2M sodium hydroxide.
|
K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 50-53 |
|
| 4 | 2-3 |
ENERGY CHANGES IN PHYSICAL & CHEMICAL PROCESSES.
|
Molar heat of solution of neutralization.
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Define the term neutralization. Determine the molar heat of neutralization of HCl with NaOH. |
Class experiments:
Neutralize 2M HCl of known volume with a determined volume of 1M / 2M sodium hydroxide. Note highest temperature of the solution. Work out the molar heat of neutralization. Solve other related problems. Assignment. |
2M HCl of known volume, 1M / 2M sodium hydroxide.
|
K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 50-53 |
|
| 4 | 4 |
ENERGY CHANGES IN PHYSICAL & CHEMICAL PROCESSES.
|
Standard enthalpy changes.
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Define the term standard enthalpy change. Denote standard enthalpy change with the correct notation. |
Exposition & brief discussion.
|
student book
|
K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 54-56 |
|
| 4 | 5 |
ENERGY CHANGES IN PHYSICAL & CHEMICAL PROCESSES.
|
Hess?s Law.
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
State Hess?s law. Solve problems related to Hess?s law. |
Detailed discussion & guided discovery of the law.
Illustrations of energy cycles and energy levels leading to Hess?s law. Worked examples. Supervised practice Written assignment. |
student book
|
K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 56-57 |
|
| 5 | 1 |
ENERGY CHANGES IN PHYSICAL & CHEMICAL PROCESSES.
|
Heat of solution hydration energy and lattice energy.
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Define the terms lattice energy and hydration energy. Explain the relationship between heat of solution, hydration energy. Solve related problems. |
Exposition of new concepts.
Guided discovery of the relationship between heat solution hydration energy and lattice energy. Worked examples. Assignment. |
student book
|
K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 60-64 |
|
| 5 | 2-3 |
ENERGY CHANGES IN PHYSICAL & CHEMICAL PROCESSES.
|
Heat of solution hydration energy and lattice energy.
Heat values of fuels. |
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Define the terms lattice energy and hydration energy. Explain the relationship between heat of solution, hydration energy. Solve related problems. Define the term fuel. Describe energy changes when a fuel undergoes combustion. Outline factors considered when choosing a suitable fuel. |
Exposition of new concepts.
Guided discovery of the relationship between heat solution hydration energy and lattice energy. Worked examples. Assignment. Probing questions and brief discussion. |
student book
|
K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 60-64 K.L.B. BK IV Pages 64-66 |
|
| 5 | 4 |
ENERGY CHANGES IN PHYSICAL & CHEMICAL PROCESSES.
|
Environmental effects of fuels.
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Outline some environmental effects of fuels. Identify measures taken to reduce environmental pollution. |
Q/A & open discussion.
|
student book
|
K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 67-68 |
|
| 5 | 5 |
RATES OF REACTION & REVERSIBLE REACTIONS.
|
Effect of concentration on rate of a reaction
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Explain the effects of change of concentration of reactants on a reaction. |
Group experiments to investigate effect of concentration on rate of reaction using dil. HCl and magnesium ribbons.
Determine the time taken for reactions to be complete. Calculation of concentration of HCl in moles per litre. Discuss the observations and sketch illustrative graphs. |
Portions of 2M HCl diluted with different volumes of water,
Stopwatches. |
K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 73-74 |
|
| 6 | 1 |
RATES OF REACTION & REVERSIBLE REACTIONS.
|
Effect of time of reaction on the rate of reaction.
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Explain how the rate or reaction changes as the reaction proceed |
Group experiments: investigate volume of gas evolved when magnesium reacts with dilute HCl.
Collect evolved gas and sketch and illustrative graphs. Discuss the results. |
Magnesium ribbons, stopwatches, conical flask.
100cm3 0.5M HCl, syringes, stoppers, tubes and connectors. |
K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 75-79 |
|
| 6 | 2-3 |
RATES OF REACTION & REVERSIBLE REACTIONS.
|
Effect of temperature of reactants on rate of reaction.
Effect of change in surface area of reactants on the rate of a reaction. |
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Explain the effect of temperature on rate of reaction. Explain the effect of change in surface area on the rate of a reaction. |
Group experiments: investigate the effects of temperature on the rate of reaction of sodium thiosulphate with dilute HCl.
Sketch and interpret relevant graphs. Discuss the collision theory and effects of activation energy. Group experiment/ teacher demonstration. Compare reactions of marble chips with dilute HCl and that of marble chips powder with equally diluted HCl. Collect evolved gas in each case. Teacher asks probing questions related to the observations made. |
Sodium thiosulphate heated at different temperatures, dilute HCl, stopwatches.
Graph papers. Marble chips, marble chips powder, syringes, conical flasks with stoppers, 1M HCl. |
K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 80-83 K.L.B. BK IV Pages 83-85 |
|
| 6 | 4 |
RATES OF REACTION & REVERSIBLE REACTIONS.
|
Effect of a suitable catalyst on the rate of a reaction
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Explain effects of a suitable catalyst on the rate of a reaction. |
Teacher demonstration: preparation and collection of oxygen gas without using a catalyst, then using manganese (IV) oxide as a catalyst.
Explain the results in terms of activation energy. |
Hydrogen peroxide, manganese (IV) oxide.
|
K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 85-88 |
|
| 6 | 5 |
RATES OF REACTION & REVERSIBLE REACTIONS.
|
Effect of light on rate of specific reactions.
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Identify reactions that are affected by light. |
Teacher demonstration: decomposition of silver bromide in the presence of light.
Mention other examples of reactions affected by light. |
Silver bromide.
|
K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 89-91 |
|
| 7 | 1 |
RATES OF REACTION & REVERSIBLE REACTIONS.
|
Reversible reactions.
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Write down equations for reversible reactions. |
Q/A: review temporary and permanent changes.
Teacher demonstration: heating crystals of hydrated copper (II) sulphate, then ?hydrating? them. Write the corresponding chemical equations. Give further examples of reversible reactions. |
Crystals of hydrated copper (II) sulphate.
|
K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 91-93 |
|
| 7 | 2-3 |
RATES OF REACTION & REVERSIBLE REACTIONS.
|
State of equilibrium in chemical reactions.
Le Chatelier?s Principle. Effect of change of pressure and temperature on equilibrium shift. |
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Define the term equilibrium as used in reversible reactions. Write down equations of reversible reactions in a state of equilibrium. State Le Chatelier?s Principle. |
Brief discussion, giving examples of chemical equations for reversible reactions.
Investigate the effect of change of concentration of reactants on equilibrium. Add 2M sodium hydroxide in steps to bromine water. Make and record observations. Discuss the results leading to Le Chatelier?s Principle. |
student book
Add 2M sodium hydroxide, student book |
K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 94-95 K.L.B. BK IV Pages 95-97 |
|
| 7 | 4 |
RATES OF REACTION & REVERSIBLE REACTIONS.
|
The Haber Process.
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Explain the concept optimum conditions of a chemical equilibrium. Explain factors that change the position of equilibrium of the Harber process. |
Q/A and detailed discussion on change of pressure, temperature, concentration of ammonia and effect of presence of a suitable catalyst on the Haber process.
|
student book
|
K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 102-103 |
|
| 7 | 5 |
RATES OF REACTION & REVERSIBLE REACTIONS.
|
The Contact Process.
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Explain how change of temperature and pressure affect rate of manufacture of sulphur (VI) acid. |
Probing questions and brief discussion.
Assignment. |
student book
|
K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 103-104 |
|
| 8 |
Mid term |
|||||||
| 9 | 1 |
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY II
(ALKANES & ALKANOIC ACIDS)
|
Alkanols (Alcohols).
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Identify the functional group of alkanols. Explain formation of alkanol molecules. |
Q/A: review alkanes, alkenes and alkynes. Teacher exposes new concepts and links them with already known concepts. |
student book
|
K.L.B. BK IV
Page 205 |
|
| 9 | 2-3 |
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY II
(ALKANES & ALKANOIC ACIDS)
|
Nomenclature of alkanols.
Isomerism in alkanols. |
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Name and draw the structure of simple alkanols. Describe positional and chain isomerism in alkanols. Explain formation of primary and secondary alkanols. |
Guided discovery of naming system for alkanols.
Draw and name structures of alkanols. Q/A: review the terms positional and chain isomerism. Brief discussion on isomerism. Oral exercise: naming given organic compounds. Written exercise: writing structural formulae for isomers of organic compounds of a given molecular formula. |
student book
|
K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 206-8 K.L.B. BK IV Pages 208-10 |
|
| 9 | 4 |
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY II
(ALKANES & ALKANOIC ACIDS)
|
Preparation of ethanol in the lab.
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Describe preparation of ethanol in the laboratory. |
Group experiments / teacher demonstration.
Discuss the fermentation process. |
Calcium hydroxide solution, sugar solution, yeast.
|
K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 210-11 |
|
| 9 | 5 |
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY II
(ALKANES & ALKANOIC ACIDS)
|
Physical properties of alkanols.
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Explain the physical properties of alkanols. |
Comparative evaluation of physical properties of alkanols.
Q/A & discussion on variation in physical properties of alkanols. |
student book
|
K.L.B. BK IV
Page 212 |
|
| 10 | 1 |
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY II
(ALKANES & ALKANOIC ACIDS)
|
Chemical properties of alkanols.
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Describe some chemical reactions of alkanols. |
Group experiments/ teacher demonstration to investigate combustion of ethanol and its reaction with metals.
Write corresponding chemical equations. |
student book
|
K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 213-5 |
|
| 10 | 2-3 |
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY II
(ALKANES & ALKANOIC ACIDS)
|
Esters and esterification.
Oxidation of ethanol. Uses of alkanols. |
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Explain formation of esters. Describe the esterification process. Explain oxidation of ethanol by an oxidizing agent. State uses of alkanols. Explain the effects of alcohol on human health |
Teacher exposes and explains new concepts.
Assignment. Q/A: review redox reactions, oxidizing and reducing agents. Brief discussion: oxidation of ethanol using potassium (VII) manganate or potassium (VI) dichromate. Write corresponding chemical equations. Open discussion. |
student book
|
K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 215-6 K.L.B. BK IV Pages 216-8 |
|
| 10 | 4 |
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY II
(ALKANES & ALKANOIC ACIDS)
|
Oxidation of ethanol.
Uses of alkanols.
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Explain oxidation of ethanol by an oxidizing agent. State uses of alkanols. Explain the effects of alcohol on human health |
Q/A: review redox reactions, oxidizing and reducing agents.
Brief discussion: oxidation of ethanol using potassium (VII) manganate or potassium (VI) dichromate. Write corresponding chemical equations. Open discussion. |
student book
|
K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 216-8 |
|
| 10 | 5 |
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY II
(ALKANES & ALKANOIC ACIDS)
|
Alkanoic (Carboxylic Acids).
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Identify the functional group of alkanoic (carboxylic) acids. Explain formation of alkanoic acid molecule. |
Q/A: review functional group of alkanols.
Brief discussion. |
student book
|
K.L.B. BK IV
Page 219 |
|
| 11 | 1 |
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY II
(ALKANES & ALKANOIC ACIDS)
|
Nomenclature of alkanoic acids.
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Name and draw the structure of simple alkanoic acids. |
Guided discovery of the naming system for alkanoic acids.
|
Chart: homologous series of alkanoic acids.
|
K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 219-221 |
|
| 11 | 2-3 |
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY II
(ALKANES & ALKANOIC ACIDS)
|
Lab preparation of ethanoic acid.
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Describe laboratory preparation of ethanoic acid. |
Teacher demonstration: prepare ethanoic acid in the lab.
Brief discussion on preparation of ethanoic acid. |
Concentrated H2SO4, potassium manganate
(VII) Crystals, water bath. |
K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 221-223 |
|
| 11 | 4 |
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY II
(ALKANES & ALKANOIC ACIDS)
|
Physical properties of alkanoic acids.
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Explain some physical properties of alkanoic acids. |
Compare physical properties of some alkanoic acids.
Discuss the difference in physical properties among alkanoic acids. |
student book
|
K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 223-4 |
|
| 11 | 5 |
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY II
(ALKANES & ALKANOIC ACIDS)
|
Chemical properties of alkanoic acids.
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Explain some chemical properties of alkanoic acids. |
Group experiment: investigate some chemical properties of ethanoic acid.
Carry out tests and record observations in a table. |
Ethanoic acid, universal indicator, sodium carbonate, magnesium strip, ethanol, conc. H2SO4 and sodium hydroxide.
|
K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 224-5 |
|
| 12 | 1 |
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY II
(ALKANES & ALKANOIC ACIDS)
|
Chemical properties &
Uses of alkanoic acids.
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Write equations for chemical reactions involving acids. State uses of alkanoic acids. |
Review and discuss the observations above.
Write corresponding chemical equations. Teacher elucidates uses of alkanoic acids. |
student book
|
K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 225-7 |
|
| 12 | 2-3 |
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY II
(ALKANES & ALKANOIC ACIDS)
|
Soap preparation in the lab.
Cleaning action of soap. Effects of hard / soft water on soap. |
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Describe soap preparation in the lab. Explain the effects of hard/ soft water on soap. |
Group experiments,
Answer questions based on the experiments already carried out. Group experiments: form soap lather in different solutions. Deduce the effects of hard/ soft water on soap. |
student book
Distilled water, tap water, rainwater, sodium chloride solution. Calcium nitrate, Zinc Sulphate, etc. |
K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 227-230 K.L.B. BK IV Pages 232-235 |
|
| 12 | 4 |
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY II
(ALKANES & ALKANOIC ACIDS)
|
Soapless detergents.
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Prepare soapless detergents in the lab. State merits of soapless detergents over soaps. |
Teacher demonsration.
Brief discussion. |
student book
|
K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 235-238 |
|
| 12 | 5 |
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY II
(ALKANES & ALKANOIC ACIDS)
|
Polymers and polymerization.
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Explain the concepts additional and condensation polymerization as methods of making synthetic polymers. Identify some products of polymerization. State merits and demerits of synthetic polymers over natural materials. |
Teacher exposes and explains new concepts. Detailed discussion. Assignment. |
student book
|
K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 238-242 |
|
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