THE MOLE

Mole, molar mass and R.A.M.
Number of moles in a substance.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define the term mole as a quantity of measurement.
Relate the mole to R.A.M and molar mass.
Calculate number of moles in a given mass of a substance.

Discuss various analogies that lead to the definition of the mole.
Expose the meaning of R.A.M., Avogadro?s constant and molar mass.
Worked examples.
Supervised practice.

Chart- table of molar masses of elements.
student book

K.L.B. BK III
PP. 27-31
Longhorn
Book III
PP 34-35

K.L.B .BK III
P. 34
Longhorn
BK III
PP 39-40

THE MOLE

Relative molecular mass & Relative formula mass.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define relative molecular mass.
Calculate RMM of a compound.

Q/A: - Review formulae of compounds.
Complete a table of compounds and their molecular / formula mass.

Calculators.

K.L.B.BK III
PP. 34-35

Longhorn Book III PP 44-60

THE MOLE

Moles and Avogadro?s number.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Calculate number of particles in a given number of moles.

Review standard form of numbers.
Worked examples.
Supervised exercise.

Calculators.

K.L.B.BK III
PP. 3132
Longhorn
Book III
PP 30-31

THE MOLE

Empirical Formula.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Determine empirical formula of a compound given percentage composition by mass.

Worked examples.
Supervised practice.

Assignment.

student book

K.L.B.
BK III P. 43

Longhorn Book III PP 66-71

THE MOLE

Molecular formula.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define molecular formula of a compound.
Find molecular formula given percentage composition of a compound by mass.

Worked examples.

Supervised practice.

Calculators.

K.L.B.BK III
P. 45

Longhorn
Book III
PP 73-75

THE MOLE

Concentration of a solution.
Molarity of a solution.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define concentration of a solution.
Find concentration of a solution in grams/litre and moles/litre.

Q/A: - Equivalent ratios, e.g. 4g dissolved in 500cm? and
8g in 1 litre.
Worked examples on concentration of solutions.

chart
student book

K.L.B. BK III
PP. 46-48

Longhorn Book III PP 76-81

THE MOLE

Preparation of molar solutions.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define molar solutions.
Prepare molar solutions.

Q/A: - Description of preparation of molar solutions.

Volumetric flasks, teat droppers/wash bottle.
Sodium hydrogen pellets.
Weighing balance.

K.L.B. BK III
PP. 50-51

Longhorn
Book III
PP 78-81

THE MOLE

Calculators on molar solutions.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Solve numerical calculations on molar solutions.
Problems on molar solutions.

Worked examples.
Supervised exercise.
Assignment.

student book

K.L.B. BK III
P 51
Longhorn Book III PP 76-81

THE MOLE

Dilution of solutions.
Stoichiometry of a chemical reaction.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Calculate molarity of a solution after dilution.
To determine mole ratio of given reactions.

Group experiments.
Calculations.
Group experiments: - Determine masses, hence moles of reacting CuSO4 solution and iron metal.

student book
CuSO4 solution and iron metal.

K.L.B. BK III
PP. 76-81
K.L.B. BK III
P. 56
Longhorn Book III PP 87-92

THE MOLE

Stoichiometric equations.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To define a stoichiometric equation.

To write stoichiometric equations of the above reactions.

student book

K.L.B. BK III
Longhorn Book III PP 14-16
PP. 88-93

THE MOLE

Stoichiometric equations of various reactions.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To investigate and determine Stoichiometric equations of various reactions.

Class experiments.

Problem solving.

student book

K.L.B. BK III
P. 62

Volumetric Analysis.

Apparatus used in titration experiments.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To use and read a pipette and a burette.

Discussion and practical use of the apparatus.
Emphasis is laid on need to sterilize the apparatus after use.

Pipettes
Burettes.

K.L.B. BK III
PP. 63-64
Longhorn
Book III
PP 104-8

Volumetric Analysis.

Titration process.
Titration experiment (Neutralization reaction)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To define titration as a process.
Define a titration end-point.
To carry out a titration experiment and obtain accurate results.

Review by Q/A: -
-Indicators and colour changes.
-Choice of indicators.
-Balanced chemical equations.
Discuss characteristics of a good titre, when an an-end point is attained.

Class experiments: - To neutralize HCl with NaOH solution.
Fill in a table of results.
Find the average base used.

Indicators
Suitable acid and base.
student book

K.L.B.
BK III
PP. 64-67

Longhorn
Book III
PP 108-114

K.L.B. BK III
P. 66

Longhorn Book III PP 108-114

Volumetric Analysis.

Titration experiment (Neutralization reaction)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To carry out a titration experiment and obtain accurate results.

Class experiments: - To neutralize HCl with NaOH solution.
Fill in a table of results.
Find the average base used.

student book

K.L.B. BK III
P. 66

Longhorn Book III PP 108-114

Volumetric Analysis.

Titration experiment (Neutralization reaction)
Basicity of an acid.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To carry out calculations from experimental results.

Step-by-step calculations.

Calculators.
student book

K.L.B. BK III
P 66
Longhorn Book III PP 108-114

Volumetric Analysis.

Standardization of HCl.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To define standardization of HCl.

Class experiments.

Dilute HCl, Na2CO3 solutions.

K.L.B. BK III
PP. 74-75

Volumetric Analysis.

Concentration of HCl.
Redox Titration Reactions.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To calculate concentration of HCl from experimental results.
To standardize a solution with an iron (II) salt.

Calculations & supervised practice.
Experiment and calculations.

Potassium Magnate
(VII)

K.L.B. BK III
PP. 74-75
K.L.B. BK III
PP. 74-75

Longhorn
Book III
PP 114-115

Volumetric Analysis.

Redox Titration Reactions.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To standardize a solution with an iron (II) salt.

Experiment and calculations.

Potassium Magnate
(VII)

K.L.B. BK III
PP. 74-75

Longhorn
Book III
PP 114-115

Volumetric Analysis.

Water of crystallization.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To determine amount of water of crystallization in ammonium iron sulphate crystals.

Teacher exposes the formula of water of crystallization.
Class experiment.
Filling in a table of results.

Ammonium
Iron (II)
Sulphate crystals.
Dilute sulphuric (VI) acid.

K.L.B. BK III
P. 76

Volumetric Analysis.

Formula mass of ammonium iron (II) sulphate.
Formula mass of a given salt.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To find formula mass of ammonium iron (II) sulphate.

Calculations from experimental results.

student book

K.L.B. BK III
PP. 76 -77

Volumetric Analysis.

Atomicity of gases.
Mass and volume of gases.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To define atomicity of gases.
To determine mass and volume of gases.

Review by Q/A atoms and molecules; hence the definition.
Discuss a table of gases and their atomicity.

Teacher demonstration: - Determining mass of known volumes of oxygen / CO2.

student book
Lubricated syringes
Oxygen/
CO2.

K.L.B. BK III
PP. 78 -80
Longhorn BK III PP 126-128

K.L.B. BK III
P. 81
Longhorn BK III
PP 126-127

Volumetric Analysis.

Molar gas volume.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To define molar gas volume.

Use the above results to describe volume of one mole of a gas.
Discuss molar gas volume at R.T.P and S.T.P conditions.

student book

K.L.B. BK III
79 ? 80
Longhorn
Book III
PP 126-127

Volumetric Analysis.

Combining volumes of gases.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To compare combining volumes of two reacting gases.

Teacher demonstration: - Determining volumes of reacting gases; hence deduce volume rations.

student book

K.L.B BK III
P. 82

Volumetric Analysis.

Gay Lussac?s Law.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To state Gay Lussac?s Law.
To compare Gay Lussac?s Law with Avogadro?s Law.
To solve numericals using Gay Lussac?s Law.

Teacher exposes the law; and compares it with Gay Lussac?s Law.
Worked examples.
Supervised practice.

student book

K.L.B. BK III
P. 85

Longhorn
Book III
PP 129-131

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY (I)

Hydrocarbons.
Alkanes.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To define organic Chemistry.
To define a hydrocarbon.
To identify groups of hydrocarbons.
To describe the carbon atom.
To identify various alkanes.
To list sources of alkanes.
To state uses of different fractions of crude oil.
To define cracking of alkanes.

Discuss composition of the carbon atom; hence deduce number of valence electrons.
Exposition of new terms.
Expose various alkanes.
Discuss the biomass digester, fractional distillation of crude oil and uses of the fractions.
Discuss the cracking process.

student book
Chart of biomass digester.

K.L.B. BK III
P. 92
Longhorn
Book III
P 135

K.L.B. BK III
PP. 93-94

Longhorn
Book III
PP 135-6

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY (I)

Naming Alkanes.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To identify various alkanes.
To define a homologous series.

Discussion and exposition of new concepts.

student book

K.L.B. BK III
PP. 94-98
Longhorn
Book III
PP 136-139

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY (I)

Members of Alkane series.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To name members of alkane series and identify their characteristics.
To draw the structures of alkane series.

Discussion and exposition of new concepts.

Chart- structure of alkanes.

K.L.B. BK III
PP. 97-99

Longhorn Book III
PP 137-9

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY (I)

Isomerism in alkanes.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To draw and name isomers of simple hydrocarbons.

Discussion and exposition of new concepts.

Models.

K.L.B. BK III
PP. 101-102 Longhorn Book III
PP 141-2

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY (I)

Laboratory preparation of a given alkane.
Trend in physical properties of alkanes.
Chemical properties of alkanes.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe laboratory preparation of a given alkane.
To state physical properties of the gases prepared.
Describe chemical properties of alkanes.

Teacher demonstration.
Discussion.
Discussion
Examples of balanced equations.

Sodium ethanoate, sodalime,
Pestle and mortar.
student book

K.L.B. BK III
P. 103

Longhorn
Book III
PP 146

K.L.B. BK III
P. 107
Longhorn
Book III
PP 148-9

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY (I)

Substitution reactions involving alkanes. Uses of alkanes.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe substitution reactions involving alkanes.

To list down uses of alkanes.

Discussion


Teacher elucidates uses of alkanes.

student book

K.L.B. BK III
P. 108

Longhorn
Book III
PP 149-50

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY (I)

Alkenes. Molecular formulae of alkenes.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To write molecular formulae of alkenes.

Examine table of members of alkenes.
To identify members of alkene series.

student book

K.L.B. BK III
PP 153-4

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY (I)

Naming alkenes.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To name various alkenes.

Q/Q: Nomenclature in alkenes.
Compare alkenes; hence deduce names of various alkenes.

student book

K.L.B. BK III
PP. 110-113
Longhorn
Book III
PP 154-6

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY (I)

Alkene isomerism.
Preparing ethene in the lab.
Physical properties of ethene.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Differentiate between branching and positional isomerism.
To describe lab preparation of ethene.

Discussion and drawing of molecular structures.
Teacher demonstration: - Carry out tests on ethene as students note down the observations in a table.

student book
chart
student book

K.L.B. BK III
P. 113
Longhorn
Book III
PP 158-60

K.L.B. BK III
P 162

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY (I)

Chemical properties of ethene.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To explain halogenation and hydrogenation reactions.

Discussion and drawing structures.

charts

KLB BK III
PP. 118-119
Longhorn
Book III
PP 166-8

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY (I)

Alkenes and oxidizing agents.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe reactions of alkenes with oxidizing agents.

Review the double bonds in alkenes.
Review reduction process, oxidizing agent.
Discuss reactions of alkenes with conc. H2SO4, acidified potassium chromate.
Expose hydrolysis process.

charts

K.L.B. BK III
PP. 120-121


Longhorn
Book III
PP 166-8

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY (I)

Uses of alkenes & Topic review.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To list down uses of alkenes.

Teacher elucidates uses of alkenes.

Assignment.

charts

K.L.B. BK III
P. 121 Longhorn Book
PP 170-1

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY (I)

Alkynes. Nomenclature.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To identify various alkynes.
To name and draw structures of alkynes.

Discuss a table of members of alkynes.
Review naming of alkanes and alkene and compare this with naming of alkynes.

charts

K.L.B. BK III
P. 122-123
Longhorn
Book III
PP 126-129 171-5

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY (I)

Alkynes. Nomenclature.
Isomerism in alkynes.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To identify various alkynes.
To name and draw structures of alkynes.
To draw structure showing positional and branching isomerism.

Discuss a table of members of alkynes.
Review naming of alkanes and alkene and compare this with naming of alkynes.

Discussion and drawing structures.

charts

K.L.B. BK III
P. 122-123
Longhorn
Book III
PP 126-129 171-5

K.L.B. BK III
PP. 124-125
Longhorn
Book III
PP 176-8

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY (I)

Physical properties of ethyne.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To list down physical properties of ethyne.

Teacher demonstration: Preparation of ethyne.
Deduce properties of other alkynes.

charts

K.L.B. BK III
PP. 125-126
Longhorn
Book III
PP 197-80

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY (I)

Chemical properties of ethyne.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe combustion, halogenation and hydrogenation processes.

Discussion and writing of equations.

charts

K.L.B. BK III
PP. 127-129
Longhorn Book III
PP 180-184

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY (I)

Tests for alkynes. Uses of alkynes.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe tests for alkynes and state uses of alkynes.

Discussion and explanations.

Assignment.

charts

K.L.B. BK III
P.130

Longhorn Book III
PP 180-84