THE STRUCTURE OF THE ATOM & THE PERIODIC TABLE

Atomic and mass numbers.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:


Name the subatomic particles in an atom.
Define atomic number and mass number of an atom.
Represent atomic and mass numbers symbolically.

Exposition on new concepts;
Probing questions;
Brief discussion.

text book

K.L.B.
BOOK II

PP. 1-3

THE STRUCTURE OF THE ATOM & THE PERIODIC TABLE

First twenty elements of the periodic table.
Isotopes.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
List the first twenty elements of the periodic table.
Write chemical symbols of the first twenty elements of the periodic table.
Define isotopes.
Give examples of isotopes.

Expository approach: referring to the periodic table, teacher exposes the first twenty elements.
Writing down a list of first twenty elements of the periodic table.

Exposition of definition and examples of isotopes.
Giving examples of isotopes.

Periodic table.
Periodic table.

K.L.B.
BOOK II

PP. 1-3
K.L.B.
BOOK II
P. 4





PP. 5-8

THE STRUCTURE OF THE ATOM & THE PERIODIC TABLE

Electronic configuration.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Represent isotopes symbolically.
Define an energy level.
Describe electronic configuration in an atom.

Exposition ? teacher exposes new concepts about electronic configuration.
Written exercise.

Periodic table.

K.L.B.
BOOK II
P. 4





PP. 5-9

THE STRUCTURE OF THE ATOM & THE PERIODIC TABLE

Electronic configuration in diagrams.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Represent electronic configuration diagrammatically.

Supervised practice;
Written exercise.

text book

K.L.B.
BOOK II
PP. 5-8

THE STRUCTURE OF THE ATOM & THE PERIODIC TABLE

Periods of the periodic table.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify elements of the same period.

Exposition ? Definition of a period.
Q/A: Examples of elements of the same period.

Periodic table.

K.L.B. BOOK IIP. 9

THE STRUCTURE OF THE ATOM & THE PERIODIC TABLE

Groups of the periodic table.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify elements of the same period.

Exposition ? definition of a group.
Q/A: examples of elements of the same group.

Periodic table.

K.L.B. BOOK IIP. 9

THE STRUCTURE OF THE ATOM & THE PERIODIC TABLE

R.M.M. and isotopes.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Calculate R.M.M. from isotopic composition.

Supervised practice involving calculation of RMM from isotopic composition.

text book

K.L.B. BOOK IIPP. 11-13

THE STRUCTURE OF THE ATOM & THE PERIODIC TABLE

Positive ions and ion formation.
Positive ions representation.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To define an ion and a cation.

To represent formation of positive ions symbolically.

Teacher gives examples of stable atoms.
Guided discovery that metals need to lose one, two or three electrons to attain stability.
Examples of positive ions.


Diagrammatic representation of cations.

text book
Chart  ion model.

K.L.B. BOOK IIPP 14-15
K.L.B. BOOK IIP 16

THE STRUCTURE OF THE ATOM & THE PERIODIC TABLE

Negative ions and ion formation.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To define an anion.
To describe formation of negative ions symbolically.

Teacher gives examples of stable atoms.
Guided discovery of formation of negative ions.
Diagrammatic representation of anions.

Chart  ion model.

K.L.B. BOOK IIP 17

THE STRUCTURE OF THE ATOM & THE PERIODIC TABLE

Valencies of metals.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Recall valencies of metals among the first twenty elements in the periodic table.

Q/A to review previous lesson;
Exposition;
Guided discovery.

Periodic table.

K.L.B. BOOK IIP 17

THE STRUCTURE OF THE ATOM & THE PERIODIC TABLE

Valencie of non-metals.
Valencies of radicals.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Recall valencies of non-metals among the first twenty elements in the periodic table.
Define a radical.
Recall the valencies of common radicals.

Q/A to review previous lesson;
Exposition;
Guided discovery.

Exposition ? teacher defines a radical, gives examples of radicals and exposes their valencies.
Students draw a table of radicals and their valencies.

Periodic table.
text book

K.L.B. BOOK IIP 17
K.L.B. BOOK IIP 18

THE STRUCTURE OF THE ATOM & THE PERIODIC TABLE

Oxidation number.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define oxidation number.
Predict oxidation numbers from position of elements in the periodic table.

Q/A: Valencies.
Expose oxidation numbers of common ions.
Students complete a table of ions and their oxidation numbers.

The periodic table.

K.L.B. BOOK IIvP 18

THE STRUCTURE OF THE ATOM & THE PERIODIC TABLE

Electronic configuration, ion formed, valency and oxidation number

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Relate electronic configuration, ion formed, valency and oxidation number of different elements.

Written exercise;
Exercise review.

text book

K.L.B. BOOK IIP 18

THE STRUCTURE OF THE ATOM & THE PERIODIC TABLE

Chemical formulae of compounds. - Elements of equal valencies.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To derive the formulae of some compounds involving elements of equal valencies.

Discuss formation of compounds such as NaCl, MgO.

text book

K.L.B. BOOK IIPP 19-20

THE STRUCTURE OF THE ATOM & THE PERIODIC TABLE

Chemical formulae of compounds. -Elements of unequal valencies.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To derive the formulae of some compounds involving elements of unequal valencies.

Discuss formation of compounds such as MgCl2
Al (NO3)3

text book

K.L.B. BOOK IIPP 19-20

THE STRUCTURE OF THE ATOM & THE PERIODIC TABLE

Chemical formulae of compounds. -Elements of variable valencies.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To derive the formulae of some compounds involving elements of variable valencies.

Discuss formation of compounds such as
-Copper (I) Oxide.
-Copper (II) Oxide.
-Iron (II) Sulphate.
-Iron (III) Sulphate.

text book

K.L.B. BOOK IIP 20

THE STRUCTURE OF THE ATOM & THE PERIODIC TABLE

Chemical equations.
Balanced chemical equations.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To identify components of chemical equations.

To balance chemical equations correctly.

Review word equations;
Exposition of new concepts with probing questions;
Brief discussion.
Exposition;
Supervised practice.

text book

K.L.B. BOOK IIPP 21-23
K.L.B. BOOK IIPP 24-25

THE STRUCTURE OF THE ATOM & THE PERIODIC TABLE
STRUCTURE & BONDING

Balanced chemical equations.(contd)
Chemical bonds. Ionic bond.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To balance chemical equations correctly.

Supervised practice;
Written exercise.

text book

K.L.B. BOOK IIPP 25-8

STRUCTURE & BONDING

Ionic bond representation.
Grant ionic structures.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Use dot and cross diagrams to represent ionic bonding.

Drawing diagrams of ionic bonds.

Chart- dot and cross diagrams.
Models for bonding.
Giant sodium chloride model.

K.L.B. BOOK II P. 58

STRUCTURE & BONDING

Physical properties of ionic compounds.
Covalent bond.
Co-ordinate bond.
Molecular structure.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe physical properties of ionic compounds.
Explain the differences in the physical properties of ionic compounds.
To describe the co-ordinate bond
To represent co-ordinate bond diagrammatically.

Analyse tabulated comparative physical properties of ionic compounds.

Teacher asks probing questions.
Exposition- teacher explains the nature of co-ordinate bond.
Students represent co-ordinate bond diagrammatically.

text book

K.L.B. BOOK IIPP 58-59
K.L.B. BOOK II P 65

STRUCTURE & BONDING

Trend in physical properties of molecular structures.
Giant atomic structure in diamond.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe van- der -waals forces.
To explain the trend in physical properties of molecular structures.

Discuss comparative physical properties of substances. exhibiting molecular structure.
Explain variation in the physical properties.

Sugar, naphthalene, iodine rhombic sulphur.
Diagrams in textbooks.

K.L.B. BOOK IIP 65

STRUCTURE & BONDING

Giant atomic structure in graphite.
Metallic bond. Uses of some metals.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe giant atomic structure in graphite.
To state uses of graphite.

Diagrammatic representation of graphite.

Discuss uses of graphite.

Diagrams in textbooks.
text book

K.L.B. BOOK II pp 69

PROPERTIES AND TRENDS ACROSS PERIOD THREE

Physical properties of elements in periods.
Physical properties of elements in period 3.
Chemical properties of elements in period 3.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:




To compare electrical conductivity of elements in period 3
To compare other physical properties of elements across period 3.

Group experiments- Construct electrical circuits incorporating a magnesium ribbon, then aluminum foil, then sulphur in turns.
The brightness of the bulb is noted in each case.
Discuss the observations in terms of delocalised electrons.

Analyse comparative physical properties presented in form of a table.
Explain the trend in the physical properties given.

The periodic table.

K.L.B. BOOK IIP. 76
K.L.B. BOOK II P. 77

PROPERTIES AND TRENDS ACROSS PERIOD THREE

Chemical properties of elements in the third period.
Oxides of period 3 elements.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To compare reactions of elements in period 3 with water

Q/A: Review reaction of sodium, Mg, chlorine, with water.
Infer that sodium is most reactive metal; non-metals do not react with water.

The periodic table.

K.L.B. BOOK II PP. 80-81

PROPERTIES AND TRENDS ACROSS PERIOD THREE
SALTS

Chlorides of period 3 elements.
Types of salts.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To explain chemical behavior of their chlorides.
To describe hydrolysis reaction.

Comparative analysis, discussion and explanation.

The periodic table.
text book

K.L.B. BOOK II PP. 77-78

SALTS

Solubility of salts in water.
Solubility of bases in water.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To test solubility of various salts in cold water/warm water.
To test solubility of various bases in water.
To carry out litmus test on the resulting solutions.

Class experiments- Dissolve salts in 5 cc of water.
Record the solubility in a table,
Analyse the results.
Class experiments- Dissolve salts in 5cc of water.
Record the solubility in a table,
Carry out litmus tests.
Discuss the results.

Sulphates, chlorides, nitrates, carbonates of various metals.




Oxides, hydroxides, of various metals, litmus papers.

K.L.B. BOOK II PP. 92-93
K.L.B. BOOK IIPP. 94-95

SALTS

Methods of preparing various salts.
Direct synthesis of a salts.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe various methods of preparing some salts.

Experimental and descriptive treatments of preparation of salts e.g. ZnSO4, CuSO4, NaCl and Pb(NO3)2.

CuO, H2SO4, HCl, NaOH, PbCO3, dil HNO3.
Iron,
Sulphur

K.L.B. BOOK II pp96

SALTS

Ionic equations.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To identify spectator ions in double decomposition reactions.
To write ionic equations correctly.

Q/A: Ions present in given reactants.
Deduce the products of double decomposition reactions.
Give examples of equations.
Supervised practice.

PbNO3, MgSO4 solutions.

K.L.B. BOOK II

SALTS

Effects of heat on carbonates.
Effects of heat on nitrates.
Effects of heat on sulphates.
Hygroscopy, Deliquescence and Efflorescence.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To state effects of heat on carbonates.
To predict products resulting from heating metal carbonates.
To state effects of heat on sulphates.
To predict products results from heating metal sulphates.

Group experiments- To investigate effects of heat on Na2CO3, K2CO3, CaCO3, ZnCO3, PbCO3, e.t.c.
Observe various colour changes before, during and after heating.
Write equations for the reactions.

Group experiments- To investigate effects of heat on various sulphates.
Observe various colour changes before, during and after heating.
Write equations for the reactions.

Various carbonates.
Common metal nitrates.
Common sulphates.

K.L.B. BOOK II PP. 108-109
K.L.B. BOOK II P. 113

SALTS
EFFECTS OF AN ELECTRIC CURRENT ON SUBSTANCES.

Uses of salts.
Electrical conductivity.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To state uses of salts

Teacher elucidates uses of salts.

Various solids, bulb, battery, & wires.

K.L.B. BOOK II P. 114