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SCHEME OF WORK
Social Studies
Grade 8 2025
TERM II
School


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WK LSN STRAND SUB-STRAND LESSON LEARNING OUTCOMES LEARNING EXPERIENCES KEY INQUIRY QUESTIONS LEARNING RESOURCES ASSESSMENT METHODS REFLECTION
1

OPENING OF THE SCHOOL
1 3
People and Relationships
Population Growth in Africa - Causes
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
-Explore causes of population growth in Africa
-Discuss the main factors leading to population growth
-Appreciate the impact of migration on population growth in Africa
- Learners brainstorm in groups causes of population growth in Africa
-Learners discuss the main factors leading to population growth
Why is it important to study demographic changes?
- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 46
-Digital resources
-Internet
- Oral questions -Observation -Written tests
1 4
People, and Relationships
 Effects of
Population Growth in Africa 
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
-Explore effects of population growth in Africa
-Research on the effects of population growth
-Create awareness on the effects of population growth
- Learners use digital and print resources to research on the effects of population growth in Africa
-Learners discuss how population growth affects communities
Why is it important to study demographic changes?
- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 47
-Digital resources
-Internet
- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 48
-Recent census data
- Oral questions -Observation -Written tests
2 1
People, and Relationships
Types of migration
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
-Examine types of migration in Africa
-Identify different types of migration
-Appreciate the impact of migration on population growth in Africa
- Learners brainstorm in groups on types of migration
-Learners identify different types of migration in Africa
Why is it important to study demographic changes?
- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 49
-Digital resources
-Internet
- Oral questions -Observation -Written tests
2 2
People  and Relationships
Factors of migration
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
-Research on the factors that influence migration in Africa
-Explain how migration affects population distribution
-Appreciate the impact of migration on population growth in Africa
- Learners exchange new ideas as they research on the factors that influence migration in Africa
-Learners discuss how migration affects population distribution
Why is it important to study demographic changes?
- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 50
-Digital resources
-Internet
- Oral questions -Observation -Written tests
2 3
People, and Relationships

Diversity, and Interpersonal Skills - Social-cultural diversities
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
-Develop posters to create awareness of the effect of population growth
-Create awareness on the effects of population growth in the community
-Appreciate the impact of migration on population growth in Africa
- Learners exhibit team spirit as they develop posters to create awareness of the effect of population growth in the community
-Learners discuss the effects of rapid population growth
Why is it important to study demographic changes?
- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 51
-Manila papers
-Marker pens
- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 55
-Digital resources
-Internet
- Oral questions -Observation -Project work
2 4
People and Relationships
Diversity and Interpersonal Skills - Social cohesion
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
-Discuss personal and social cultural factors that influence social cohesion
-Explore their own beliefs and those of others
-Appreciate social cultural diversities in Kenya
- Learners explore their own beliefs and those of others as they discuss personal and social cultural factors that influence social cohesion
-Learners identify factors that influence social cohesion
How can we demonstrate respect and appreciation of Social Cultural Diversity and Inclusion?
- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 56
-Digital resources
-Internet
- Oral questions -Observation -Written tests
3

OPENER ASSESSMENT
3 4
People and Relationships
Diversity  and Interpersonal Skills - Self-esteem
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
-Explain ways of building a healthy self-esteem in social cultural diversity and inclusion
-Find out how to improve one's self-esteem
-Appreciate social cultural diversities in Kenya
- Learners use digital or print material to find out how to improve one's self-esteem
-Learners share their findings in class
How can we demonstrate respect and appreciation of Social Cultural Diversity and Inclusion?
- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 5
-Digital resources
-Internet
- Oral questions -Observation -Written tests
4 1
People  and Relationships
 Emotions
  Skills - Managing emotions
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
-Describe the impact of emotions on self and others
-Watch video clips on ways of handling different emotional states
-Appreciate social cultural diversities in Kenya
- Learners watch video clips on ways of handling different emotional states
-Learners share experiences on handling different emotional states
How can we demonstrate respect and appreciation of Social Cultural Diversity and Inclusion?
- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 7
-Digital resources
-Video clips
- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 8
-Resource person
- Oral questions -Observation -Written tests
4 2
People and Relationships
Diversity  and Interpersonal Skills - Peer pressure
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
-Managing peer pressure in a culturally diverse environment
-Role play ways of managing peer pressure
-Appreciate social cultural diversities in Kenya
- Learners practice inclusivity as they role play ways of managing peer pressure
-Learners discuss ways of managing peer pressure
How can we demonstrate respect and appreciation of Social Cultural Diversity and Inclusion?
- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 9
-Digital resources
-Internet
- Oral questions -Observation -Written tests
4 3
People  and Relationships
Diversity and Interpersonal Skills - Positive peer pressure
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
-Develop self-confidence and values to enhance positive peer pressure
-Act out skits on social cultural diversity and inclusion
-Appreciate social cultural diversities in Kenya
- Learners develop self-confidence and values to enhance positive peer pressure as they act out skits on social cultural diversity and inclusion
-Learners discuss values that enhance positive peer pressure
How can we demonstrate respect and appreciation of Social Cultural Diversity and Inclusion?
- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 10
-Digital resources
-Internet
- Oral questions -Observation -Written tests
4 4
People  and Relationships
Diversity  and Interpersonal Skills - Cultural diversities
Diversity, Inclusion and Interpersonal Skills - Cultural appreciation
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
-Compose communication messages on social cultural diversities in Kenya
-Share the communication messages in class
-Appreciate social cultural diversities in Kenya
- Learners in groups, compose communication messages on social cultural diversities in Kenya
-Learners share the communication messages in class
How can we demonstrate respect and appreciation of Social Cultural Diversity and Inclusion?
- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 11
-Digital resources
-Internet
- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 12
- Oral questions -Observation -Written tests
5 1
People and Relationships
Diversity  and Interpersonal Skills - Inclusivity
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
-Explain the importance of inclusivity in a diverse environment
-Discuss ways of promoting inclusivity
-Appreciate social cultural diversities in Kenya
- Learners explain the importance of inclusivity in a diverse environment
-Learners discuss ways of promoting inclusivity
How can we demonstrate respect and appreciation of Social Cultural Diversity and Inclusion?
- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 13
-Digital resources
-Internet
- Oral questions -Observation -Written tests
5 2
People  and Relationships
Peace and Non-violent Conflict Resolution - Family conflicts
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
-Identify situations that lead to conflicts in the family
-Discuss and present situations that may lead to conflicts in a family
-Appreciate the culture of peace in a society
- Learners speak clearly as they discuss and present situations that may lead to conflicts in a family
-Learners identify situations that lead to conflicts in the family
How can resolving conflicts help us live peacefully in the community?
- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 63
-Digital resources
-Internet
- Oral questions -Observation -Written tests
5 3
People  and Relationships

Peace and Non-violent Conflict Resolution - Experiences
Negotiation, Mediation & Arbitration
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
-Apply peaceful ways of resolving conflicts in the family
-Role play peace building scenarios in class
-Appreciate the culture of peace in a society
- Learners work together harmoniously as they role play peace building scenarios in class (negotiation, mediation, arbitration)
-Learners discuss ways of resolving conflicts peacefully
How can resolving conflicts help us live peacefully in the community?
- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 64
-Digital resources
-Internet
- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 65
- Oral questions -Observation -Written tests
5 4
People and Relationships
Peace and Non-violent Conflict Resolution - Communication
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
-Design strategies for effective communication in resolving conflicts
-Create posters with strategies to enhance effective communication
-Appreciate the culture of peace in a society
- Learners create posters with strategies to enhance effective communication in resolving conflicts
-Learners discuss strategies for effective communication
How can resolving conflicts help us live peacefully in the community?
- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 66
-Manila papers
-Marker pens
- Oral questions -Observation -Project work
6 1
People  and Relationships
Peace and Non-violent Conflict Resolution - Empathy
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
-Show empathy with survivors of conflicts in the family
-Role play a scenario in the family where empathy is shown
-Appreciate the culture of peace in a society
- Learners exchange new ideas as they role play a scenario in the family where empathy is shown
-Learners undertake group activities
How can resolving conflicts help us live peacefully in the community?
- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 67
-Digital resources
-Internet
- Oral questions -Observation -Written tests
6 2
People  and Relationships
Peace and Non-violent Conflict Resolution - Healthy relationships
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
-Build healthy relationships to promote peace in the family
-Research ways of building healthy relationships
-Appreciate the culture of peace in a society
- Learners use digital or print resources to research ways of building healthy relationships
-Learners discuss ways of building healthy relationships
How can resolving conflicts help us live peacefully in the community?
- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 68
-Digital resources
-Internet
- Oral questions -Observation -Written tests
6 3
People and Relationships

Peace and Non-violent Conflict Resolution - Peace in the family
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
-Reflect on past empathetic moments
-Journal in their books and share
-Show empathy with survivors of conflicts in the family
- Learners reflect on past empathetic moments, journal in their books and share
-Learners discuss past empathetic moments
How can resolving conflicts help us live peacefully in the community?
- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 69
-Digital resources
-Internet
- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 70
- Oral questions -Observation -Written tests
6 4
People  and Relationships
Peace and Non-violent Conflict Resolution - Conflict triggers
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
-Identify triggers of conflict in the family
-Discuss how to avoid conflict triggers
-Appreciate the culture of peace in a society
- Learners identify triggers of conflict in the family
-Learners discuss how to avoid conflict triggers
How can resolving conflicts help us live peacefully in the community?
- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 71
-Digital resources
-Internet
- Oral questions -Observation -Written tests
7

MIDTERM ASSESSMENT
8 1
People  and Relationships
Peace and Non-violent Conflict Resolution - Peace culture
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
-Discuss ways of promoting a culture of peace in the family
-Identify benefits of a peaceful family
-Appreciate the culture of peace in a society
- Learners discuss ways of promoting a culture of peace in the family
-Learners identify benefits of a peaceful family
How can resolving conflicts help us live peacefully in the community?
- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 72
-Digital resources
-Internet
- Oral questions -Observation -Written tests
8 2
Community Service Learning Project
Community Service Learning Project - Problem identification
Community 
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
-Identify a problem/gap in the community
-Brainstorm on problems/gaps in their school/community
-Appreciate the need to be part of the solution to the gaps/challenges in the community
- Learners brainstorm and identify problems/gaps/opportunities in their school/community that need attention
-Learners discuss the identified problems
- How does one determine some gaps/needs in the community - Why is it necessary to make adequate preparations before embarking on a project?
- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 13
-Digital resources
-Internet
- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 14
- Oral questions -Observation -Written tests
8

MID TERM BREAK
9 1
Community Service Learning Project
Community Service Learning Project - Problem statement
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
-Authenticate the problem/gap
-Write down the statement of the problem
-Appreciate the need to be part of the solution to the gaps/challenges in the community
- Learners authenticate the problem/gap
-Learners write down the statement of the problem (a small description of the identified problem)
-How does one determine some gaps/needs in the community -Why is it necessary to make adequate preparations before embarking on a project?
- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 15
-Digital resources
-Internet
- Oral questions -Observation -Written tests
9 2
Community Service Learning Project
 Project  Solution design
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
-Design a solution(s) to the identified problem
-Discuss and agree on an appropriate solution
-Appreciate the need to be part of the solution to the gaps/challenges in the community
- Learners search, discuss and agree on an appropriate solution/way/skills of addressing the identified problem
-Learners note down the recommended/proposed solution
-How does one determine some gaps/needs in the community -Why is it necessary to make adequate preparations before embarking on a project?
- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 16
-Digital resources
-Internet
- Oral questions -Observation -Written tests
9 3
Community Service Learning Project
 Implementation plan
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
-Plan to implement the solution to the identified problem
-Draw a plan for implementing the proposed solution
-Appreciate the need to be part of the solution to the gaps/challenges in the community
- Learners discuss and draw a plan for implementing the proposed solution
-Learners share their implementation plan
-How does one determine some gaps/needs in the community -Why is it necessary to make adequate preparations before embarking on a project?
- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 17
-Digital resources
-Internet
- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 18
-Locally available materials
- Oral questions -Observation -Written tests
9 4
Community Service Learning Project
 Reflection
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
-Reflect on the concluded project
-Write a summary report on the concluded project
-Appreciate the need to be part of the solution to the gaps/challenges in the community
- Learners reflect on the concluded project
-Learners submit a summary account/report to the CSL teacher
-How does one determine some gaps/needs in the community -Why is it necessary to make adequate preparations before embarking on a project?
- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 18
-Digital resources
-Internet
- Oral questions -Observation -Written tests
10 1
Community Service Learning Project
Natural and Historic Built Environments
Project - Appreciation
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
-Appreciate the need to be part of the solution to the gaps/challenges in the community
-Discuss the importance of being part of the solution
-Appreciate the need to be part of the solution to the gaps/challenges in the community
- Learners discuss the importance of being part of the solution to the gaps/challenges in the community
-Learners appreciate the need to be part of the solution
-How does one determine some gaps/needs in the community -Why is it necessary to make adequate preparations before embarking on a project?
- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 19
-Digital resources
-Internet
- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 75
-Maps
- Oral questions -Observation -Written tests
10 2
Natural and Historic Built Environments
Map Reading and Interpretation - Types of scales
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
-Identify types of scales used on maps
-Explain the uses of different scales
-Appreciate the use of marginal information to interpret maps
- Learners brainstorm on types and uses of scales (Statement scale, linear scale, and Representative fraction scale)
-Learners present their findings in class
How can critical thinking be used in map interpretation?
- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 76
-Maps
-Digital resources
- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 77
- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 78
- Oral questions -Observation -Written tests
10 3
Natural and Historic Built Environments
Map Reading and Interpretation - Calculating areas
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
-Calculate the area of different places on a topographical map
-Use scales to determine areas
-Apply critical thinking skills in map reading and interpretation
- Learners calculate the area of different places on a topographical map
-Learners share their findings in class
How can critical thinking be used in map interpretation?
- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 79
-Maps
-Digital resources
- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 80
- Oral questions -Observation -Written tests
10 4
Natural and Historic Built Environments
Map Reading and Interpretation - Relief features
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
-Describe methods of representing relief features on topographical maps
-Identify relief features on maps
-Apply critical thinking skills in map reading and interpretation
- Learners research on methods of representing relief features
-Learners share their findings in class
How can critical thinking be used in map interpretation?
- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 81
-Maps
-Digital resources
- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 82
- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 83
- Oral questions -Observation -Written tests
11 1
Natural and Historic Built Environments
Map Reading and Interpretation - Critical thinking
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
-Apply critical thinking skills in map interpretation
-Identify critical thinking skills necessary for map interpretation
-Apply critical thinking skills in map reading and interpretation
- Learners use digital or print resources to search for essential critical thinking skills necessary for map interpretation (observation, analysis, communication, inference)
-Learners discuss how to apply critical thinking in map interpretation
How can critical thinking be used in map interpretation?
- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 84
-Maps
-Digital resources
- Oral questions -Observation -Written tests
11 2
Natural and Historic Built Environments
Map Reading and Interpretation - Application
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
-Apply knowledge of map reading in practical situations
-Interpret maps with different scales
-Apply critical thinking skills in map reading and interpretation
- Learners interpret different types of maps
-Learners apply their knowledge in practical map reading exercises
How can critical thinking be used in map interpretation?
- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 85
-Maps
-Digital resources
- Oral questions -Observation -Written tests
11 3
Natural and Historic Built Environments
Map Reading and Interpretation - Practical application
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
-Apply map reading skills in real-life situations
-Identify how maps are used in everyday life
-Appreciate the use of marginal information to interpret maps
- Learners discuss real-life applications of map reading
-Learners identify how maps are used in areas like transportation, emergency services, and urban planning
How can critical thinking be used in map interpretation?
- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 86
-Maps
-Digital resources
- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 94
-Internet
- Oral questions -Observation -Written tests
11 4
Natural and Historic Built Environments
Weather and Climate - Factors influencing climate
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
-Examine the factors influencing climate in Africa
-Distinguish between weather and climate factors
-Recognise the effects of weather and climate on human activities
- Learners use print or digital resources to research on the factors influencing climate in Africa
-Learners share their findings in class
-How does climate change affect human activities -How can one manage stress during disasters?
- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 95
-Digital resources
-Internet
- Oral questions -Observation -Written tests
12 1
Natural and Historic Built Environments
Weather and Climate - Climatic regions
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
-Illustrate the distribution of major climatic regions of Africa
-Draw a map showing climatic regions
-Recognise the effects of weather and climate on human activities
- Learners draw a map of Africa and indicate the major climatic regions (desert, semi-desert, tropical, mediterranean and mountain)
-Learners display their maps in class
-How does climate change affect human activities -How can one manage stress during disasters?
- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 96
-Digital resources
-Internet
- Oral questions -Observation -Project work
12 2
Natural and Historic Built Environments
Weather and Climate - Desert regions
Weather and Climate - Semi-desert regions
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
-Illustrate the characteristics of desert regions in Africa
-Identify desert regions on a map
-Recognise the effects of weather and climate on human activities
- Learners view a video clip/film or use print materials on the distribution and characteristics of desert regions
-Learners make short notes on the desert regions
-How does climate change affect human activities -How can one manage stress during disasters?
- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 97
-Digital resources
-Video clips
- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 98
- Oral questions -Observation -Written tests
12 3
Natural and Historic Built Environments
Weather and Climate - Tropical regions
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
-Illustrate the characteristics of tropical regions in Africa
-Identify tropical regions on a map
-Recognise the effects of weather and climate on human activities
- Learners view a video clip/film or use print materials on the distribution and characteristics of tropical regions
-Learners make short notes on the tropical regions
-How does climate change affect human activities -How can one manage stress during disasters?
- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 99
-Digital resources
-Video clips
- Oral questions -Observation -Written tests
12 4
Natural and Historic Built Environments
Weather and Climate - Mediterranean regions
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
-Illustrate the characteristics of mediterranean regions in Africa
-Identify mediterranean regions on a map
-Recognise the effects of weather and climate on human activities
- Learners view a video clip/film or use print materials on the distribution and characteristics of mediterranean regions
-Learners make short notes on the mediterranean regions
-How does climate change affect human activities -How can one manage stress during disasters?
- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 100
-Digital resources
-Video clips
- Oral questions -Observation -Written tests
13

END TERM ASSESSMENT
14

MARKING END TERM ASSESSMENT AND CLOSING

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