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Physics
Form 4 2025
TERM I
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WK LSN TOPIC SUB-TOPIC OBJECTIVES T/L ACTIVITIES T/L AIDS REFERENCE REMARKS
1 3
Energy, Work, Power And Machines
Energy
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:


Define energy
Describe various forms of energy

Defining energy
Stating the forms of energy
Identifying and describing energy transformation

Chart on the forms of energy and transformation

Secondary physics KLB students book 3 page 121,122-125 
1 4
Energy, Work, Power And Machines
Energy
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:


Define energy
Describe various forms of energy

Defining energy
Stating the forms of energy
Identifying and describing energy transformation

Chart on the forms of energy and transformation

Secondary physics KLB students book 3 page 121,122-125 
1 5
Energy, Work, Power And Machines
Sources of energy Renewable Non-renewable
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:


Describe renewable and non-renewable sources of energy

Discussion on the sources of energy
Descriptions of renewable and non-renewable sources of energy

Chart on the sources of energy

Secondary physics KLB students book 3 page 121,122-125
2 1
Energy, Work, Power And Machines
Kinetic energy Potential energy power
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:


define power
explain the meaning of power potential and kinetic energies
distinguish between kinetic energy and potential energy

Discussion and the meanings of kinetic energy and potential energy
Defining power
Distinguishing between kinetic energy and potential energy

Object that can be lifted
Spring balance

Secondary physics KLB students book 3 page 126-132,134-136 
2 2-3
Energy, Work, Power And Machines
Current Electricity Ii
Simple machines
Electric current Scale reading
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:


State and describe the efficiency of various machines


Define potential
Differentiate and state its SI units
Measure potential difference and current in a circuit

Discussion on efficiency of different machines
Experiments to illustrate efficiency of various machines
Problem solving

Defining potential difference
Measuring P.d
Discussion on p.d and current
Experiments to illustrate p.d and current

Levers
Pulleys
Inclined planes
Strings
Masses

Ammeter
Voltmeter
Battery
Connecting wires

Secondary physics KLB students book 3 page 137
Secondary physics KLB students book 3 page 161-164 
2 4
Current Electricity Ii
Electric current Scale reading
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:


Define potential
Differentiate and state its SI units
Measure potential difference and current in a circuit

Defining potential difference
Measuring P.d
Discussion on p.d and current
Experiments to illustrate p.d and current

Ammeter
Voltmeter
Battery
Connecting wires

Secondary physics KLB students book 3 page 161-164 
2 5
Current Electricity Ii
Ohm?s Law
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:


Derive and verify ohm?s law
State ohm?s law

Experiments verifying ohm?s law
Stating ohm?s law

Ammeter
Voltmeter
Rheostat
Wires
Dry cells

Secondary physics KLB students book 3 page 168-171
3 1
Current Electricity Ii
Measurement of resistance
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:


Describe experiment to measure resistance using ? voltmeter method
The Wheatstone bridge method
The meter bridge

Experiments to measure resistance of materials

Ammeters
Voltmeters
Rheostats
Connecting wires
Resistance wire
Dry cells
Switches
Meter bridge
Wheatstone bridge
Resisters with known resistance

Secondary physics KLB students book 3 page 177-180
3 2-3
Waves II
Properties of waves
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:


State and explain the properties of waves experimentally
Sketch wave fronts to illustrate the reflections

Stating and explaining the properties of waves
Sketching wave fronts illustrate reflection

Rope/wire
Various reflections

Secondary physics KLB students book 3 page 198-203
3 4
Waves II
Diffraction, refraction and interference of waves
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:


Sketch various wave fonts to illustrate their diffraction, refraction and interference

Sketching various wave fonts
Experiments to illustrate refraction, diffraction and interference

Water
Basin
Ripple
Tank

Secondary physics KLB students book 3 page 203-212 
3 5
Waves II
Diffraction, refraction and interference of waves
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:


Sketch various wave fonts to illustrate their diffraction, refraction and interference

Sketching various wave fonts
Experiments to illustrate refraction, diffraction and interference

Water
Basin
Ripple
Tank

Secondary physics KLB students book 3 page 203-212 
4 1
Waves II
Constructive and distractive waves
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:


Explain constructive and destructive interference

Discussion on constructive and destructive interference
Experiments constructive and destructive interference

Ripple tank
Rope/wire

Secondary physics KLB students book 3 page 212-215 
4 2-3
Waves II
Constructive and distractive waves
Stationary waves
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:


Explain constructive and destructive interference


Describe experiments to illustrate stationary waves

Discussion on constructive and destructive interference
Experiments constructive and destructive interference

Demonstration and explaining of stationery waves

Ripple tank
Rope/wire

Wires under tension

Secondary physics KLB students book 3 page 212-215 
4 4
Waves II
Stationary waves
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:


Describe experiments to illustrate stationary waves

Demonstration and explaining of stationery waves

Wires under tension

Secondary physics KLB students book 3 page 212-215 
4 5
Waves II
Vibrating air columns
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:


Describe and explain closed pipe and open pipe

Describing vibrations in close and open pipes

Open and closed pipes

Secondary physics KLB students book 3 page 218-220 
5 1
The Heating Effect Of Electric Current
Electric current heating effect
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:


Perform and describe experiments to illustrate the heating effect of electric current

Experiments to illustrate heating effect of electric current
Discussions on heating effect of electric current

Complete circuit
Water in a beaker
Metallic rod
Thermometer

Secondary physics KLB students book 3 page 246-247 
5 2-3
The Heating Effect Of Electric Current
Electric current heating effect
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:


Perform and describe experiments to illustrate the heating effect of electric current

Experiments to illustrate heating effect of electric current
Discussions on heating effect of electric current

Complete circuit
Water in a beaker
Metallic rod
Thermometer

Secondary physics KLB students book 3 page 246-247 
5 1-3
The Heating Effect Of Electric Current
Electric current heating effect
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:


Perform and describe experiments to illustrate the heating effect of electric current

Experiments to illustrate heating effect of electric current
Discussions on heating effect of electric current

Complete circuit
Water in a beaker
Metallic rod
Thermometer

Secondary physics KLB students book 3 page 246-247 
5

CATs

6 1
The Heating Effect Of Electric Current
Heating devices fuses
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:


describe the working of electric iron, bulb filament and an electric water

discussion on electric devices
observations and experiments on heating devices

electric irons
electric bulb
electric kettle
electric heater
fuses
Comprehensive secondary physics students book 3 pages 90-91
Comprehensive secondary physics teachers book 3 pages 39-41
Secondary physics KLB students book 3 page 255-258
6 2-3
The Heating Effect Of Electric Current
Lenses
Heating devices fuses
Conveying and diverging lenses
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:


describe the working of electric iron, bulb filament and an electric water

By the end of the lesson the learner should be able to
Describe converging lenses
Describe diverging lenses

discussion on electric devices
observations and experiments on heating devices

Using light beams to distinguish between diverging and converging lenses

electric irons
electric bulb
electric kettle
electric heater
fuses

Diverging lenses
Converging lenses
Source of light beam
screen
Comprehensive secondary physics students book 3 pages 90-91
Comprehensive secondary physics teachers book 3 pages 39-41
Secondary physics KLB students book 3 page 255-258
Comprehensive secondary physics students book 4 pages 1-2
teachers book 3 pages 1-5
Secondary physics KLB students book 4 page 1
6 4
Lenses
Parts of fair lenses
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:


Describe the principal focus using ray diagram
Describe the optical center using ray diagram
Describe the focal length of thin lenses using ray diagram

Description of principal focus, optical centre and focal length of a thin lens

Chart showing the parts of thin lens
Graph paper
Diverging lens
Converging lens
Comprehensive secondary physics students book 4 pages 1-3
teachers book 3 pages 1-5
Secondary physics KLB students book 4 page 6-7 
6 5
Lenses
Parts of fair lenses
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:


Describe the principal focus using ray diagram
Describe the optical center using ray diagram
Describe the focal length of thin lenses using ray diagram

Description of principal focus, optical centre and focal length of a thin lens

Chart showing the parts of thin lens
Graph paper
Diverging lens
Converging lens
Comprehensive secondary physics students book 4 pages 1-3
teachers book 3 pages 1-5
Secondary physics KLB students book 4 page 6-7 
7 1
Lenses
Focal length
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:


Determine experimentally the focal length of a converging lens
Determine the focal length of a converging lens using estimation method

Experiment to determine the focal length of a fair lens

Converging lenses
Screen
Pins
candle
Comprehensive secondary physics students book 4 pages 2-3
teachers book 3 pages 1-5
Secondary physics KLB students book 4 page 17-20 
7 2-3
Lenses
Images in fair lenses
Images in converging lenses
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:


Construct the principal rays for converging lens
Construct the principal rays for diverging lenses


Locate imaged formed by converging lenses using ray construction method
Describe the images formed in converging lenses

Constructing the principal rays for diverging lenses
Constructing the principal rays for converging lenses

Describing the characteristics of images formed in converging lenses

Converging lenses
Diverging lenses
Graph papers
Ruler

Graph paper
Geometrical set
Converging lenses
screen
Comprehensive secondary physics students book 4 pages 3-6
teachers book 3 pages 1-5
Secondary physics KLB students book 4 page 7-12 
Comprehensive secondary physics students book 4 pages 5-6
teachers book 3 pages 1-5
Secondary physics KLB students book 4 page 7-10 
7 4
Lenses
Images in converging lenses
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:


Locate imaged formed by converging lenses using ray construction method
Describe the images formed in converging lenses

Describing the characteristics of images formed in converging lenses

Graph paper
Geometrical set
Converging lenses
screen
Comprehensive secondary physics students book 4 pages 5-6
teachers book 3 pages 1-5
Secondary physics KLB students book 4 page 7-10 
7 5
Lenses
Images in diverging lenses
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:


Locate imaged formed by diverging lenses using ray construction method
Describe the images formed in diverging lenses

Describe the characteristics of the formed in diverging lenses
Graph paper
Geometrical set
Diverging lenses
Screen
Comprehensive secondary physics students book 4 pages 5
teachers book 3 pages 1-5
Secondary physics KLB students book 4 page 11 
8 1
Lenses
The microscope
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:


Explain the working of a simple microscope
Explain the working of a compound microscope

Drawing and labeling the parts of a microscope
Describing the work of a microscope

Simple microscope
Compound microscope
Magnifying lens
Comprehensive secondary physics students book 4 pages 10-11
teachers book 4 pages 1-5 
8 2-3
Lenses
The telescope
The camera
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:


Describe the structure of a telescope
Describe the working of a telescope


Describe the parts of a camera
Explain the working of a camera
Explain the use of lenses in a camera

Drawing and labeling the parts of a telescope
Describing how a telescope works

Describing the parts of a camera
Explaining the use of lenses in a camera

Telescope
Lenses
Manilla paper

Camera
Charts showing the parts of a camera
Comprehensive secondary physics students book 4 pages 11
teachers book 4 pages 1-5
Comprehensive secondary physics students book 4 pages 11-12
teachers book 4 pages 1-5
Secondary physics KLB students book 4 page 33 
8 4
Lenses
The camera
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:


Describe the parts of a camera
Explain the working of a camera
Explain the use of lenses in a camera

Describing the parts of a camera
Explaining the use of lenses in a camera

Camera
Charts showing the parts of a camera
Comprehensive secondary physics students book 4 pages 11-12
teachers book 4 pages 1-5
Secondary physics KLB students book 4 page 33 
8 5
Lenses
Image formation in the human eye
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:


Describe the parts of a human eye
Explain the function of each part of the human eye

Describing the parts of the human eye
Explaining the function of each part of the human eye

Chart showing the parts of human eye
Model of the human eye
Comprehensive secondary physics students book 4 pages 12-13
teachers book 34pages 1-5
Secondary physics KLB students book 4 page 29-31
9 1
Lenses
Working of the human eye
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:


Explain the image formation in the human eye

Explaining the image formation in the eye

Chart showing the image formation in the human eye
Comprehensive secondary physics students book 4 pages 13-14
teachers book 34pages 1-5
Secondary physics KLB students book 4 page 29-31
9 2-3
Lenses
Defects of vision
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:


Describe the defects of the human eye
Explain the corrections of human eye defects

Describing the defects of the human eye
Explaining the eye defects are corrected

Charts showing eye defects and how they are corrected
Comprehensive secondary physics students book 4 pages 13-14
teachers book 34pages 1-5
Secondary physics KLB students book 4 page 31-32
9 4
Uniform Circular Motion
Circular motion
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:


Define circular motion

Observing and running a hoop
Rotate a stone tied to the end of a rope

Hoop
String/rope
store
Comprehensive secondary physics students book 4 pages 18
teachers book 34pages 10-12
Secondary physics KLB students book 4 page 37-4
9 5
Uniform Circular Motion
Radiant, angular displacement and angular velocity
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:


Define the radiant measure
Define the angular displacement and velocity
Explain the angular displacement and velocity

Discussions
Experiment

Illustration of angular displacement and angular velocity on a chart
Comprehensive secondary physics students book 4 pages 18-20
teachers book 34pages 10-12
Secondary physics KLB students book 4 page 37-42
Golden tips Physics pages 34-35
10 1
Uniform Circular Motion
Centripetal force
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:


Describe simple experiment on centripetal force
Illustrate centripetal force
Determine the magnitude of centripetal force experimentally

Experiments
Discussions
observations

Pendulum
String
Stone
Round table
Ball/bob
Stop clock
Comprehensive secondary physics students book 4 pages 20-21
teachers book 34pages 10-12
Secondary physics KLB students book 4 page 42-47 
10 2-3
Uniform Circular Motion
Centripetal force
Application of uniform circular motion
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:


Describe simple experiment on centripetal force
Illustrate centripetal force
Determine the magnitude of centripetal force experimentally


Explain centrifuge
Explain vertical and horizontal circles
Explain banked tracks

Experiments
Discussions
observations

Discussions
Explanations
Experiments

Pendulum
String
Stone
Round table
Ball/bob
Stop clock

String
Stone
Ruler
Comprehensive secondary physics students book 4 pages 20-21
teachers book 34pages 10-12
Secondary physics KLB students book 4 page 42-47 
Comprehensive secondary physics students book 4 pages 22-25
teachers book 34pages 10-12
Secondary physics KLB students book 4 page 47-53 
10 4
Floating And Sinking
Archimedes? principle
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:


State Archimedes? principle
Verify Archimedes principle
Use of Archimedes principle to solve problems

Experiments
Discussions
Calculations based on Archimedes Principle

Water
Measuring cylinder
Weighing balance
Overflow can
Objects denser than water
Comprehensive secondary physics students book 4 pages 28-29
teachers book 34pages 14-17
Secondary physics KLB students book 4 page 58-60 
10 5
Floating And Sinking
The laws of floatation Relative density
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:


State the law of floatation
Define relative density

Discussions
Measuring

Density bottle
Overflow can
Spring balance
measuring cylinder
Comprehensive secondary physics students book 4 pages 29-33
teachers book 34pages 14-17
Secondary physics KLB students book 4 page 64-70 
11 1
Floating And Sinking
Applications of floating and sinking
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:


Describe the applications of Archimedes Principle
Describe the applications of relative density (hydrometer)

Discussions
experiments

charts depicting the uses of Archimedes principle and the law of floatation
A hydrometer
Comprehensive secondary physics students book 4 pages 33-35
teachers book 34pages 14-17
Secondary physics KLB students book 4 page 75-77 
11 2-3
Floating And Sinking
Electromagnetic Spectrum
Applications of floating and sinking
The electromagnetic spectrum
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:


Describe the applications of Archimedes Principle
Describe the applications of relative density (hydrometer)


Describe a complete electromagnetic spectrum

Discussions
experiments

Discussions on the charge in wave length of electromagnetic radiations
explanations

charts depicting the uses of Archimedes principle and the law of floatation
A hydrometer

charts showing the components of the electromagnetic spectrum
Comprehensive secondary physics students book 4 pages 33-35
teachers book 34pages 14-17
Secondary physics KLB students book 4 page 75-77 
Comprehensive secondary physics students book 4 pages 37
teachers book 34pages 18-20
Secondary physics KLB students book 4 page 79 
11-13

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