Living Things and Their Environment

Vertebrates - Review Activities

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Summarize key concepts about vertebrates
- Identify areas of strength and areas needing improvement
- Show appreciation for knowledge gained about vertebrates

The learner is guided to:
- Review key concepts about vertebrates
- Complete review activities on vertebrates
- Share their learning experiences with peers

What have we learned about vertebrates?

- Mentor Science and Technology Learner's Book pg. 24
- Review worksheets
- Digital devices
- Reference materials

- Written quizzes - Oral questions - Self-assessment

Living Things and Their Environment

The Human Breathing System - Parts of the Breathing System

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify the main parts of the human breathing system
- Draw and label the parts of the human breathing system
- Appreciate the complexity of the human breathing system

The learner is guided to:
- Watch videos on the human breathing system
- Identify the main parts of the human breathing system
- Draw and label the parts of the human breathing system

What makes up the human breathing system?

- Mentor Science and Technology Learner's Book pg. 25
- Digital devices
- Charts showing the human breathing system
- Video resources

- Drawings - Written assignments - Oral questions

Living Things and Their Environment

The Human Breathing System - The Nose

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify the parts of the nose
- Describe the functions of the nose
- Appreciate the role of the nose in breathing

The learner is guided to:
- Observe the internal structure of the nose using models or diagrams
- Discuss the functions of the nose in breathing
- Create a chart showing the functions of the nose

What is the role of the nose in breathing?

- Mentor Science and Technology Learner's Book pg. 26
- Digital devices
- Charts showing the structure of the nose
- Models of the respiratory system

- Oral questions - Written assignments - Projects

Living Things and Their Environment

The Human Breathing System - The Trachea
The Human Breathing System - The Lungs

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Locate the trachea in the human body
- Describe the functions of the trachea
- Value the importance of the trachea in breathing

The learner is guided to:
- Feel the trachea by touching the front part of the neck
- Discuss the structure and functions of the trachea
- Create a chart showing the functions of the trachea

What is the role of the trachea in breathing?

- Mentor Science and Technology Learner's Book pg. 26
- Digital devices
- Charts showing the structure of the trachea
- Models of the respiratory system
- Mentor Science and Technology Learner's Book pg. 27
- Charts showing the structure of the lungs

- Oral questions - Written assignments - Projects

Living Things and Their Environment

The Human Breathing System - The Diaphragm

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify the location and structure of the diaphragm
- Describe the functions of the diaphragm
- Value the importance of the diaphragm in breathing

The learner is guided to:
- Observe the structure of the diaphragm using models or diagrams
- Discuss the functions of the diaphragm in breathing
- Create a chart showing the functions of the diaphragm

What is the role of the diaphragm in breathing?

- Mentor Science and Technology Learner's Book pg. 28
- Digital devices
- Charts showing the structure of the diaphragm
- Models of the respiratory system

- Oral questions - Written assignments - Projects

Living Things and Their Environment

The Human Breathing System - Breathing Mechanism

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the mechanism of breathing in and out
- Demonstrate the breathing process
- Show interest in understanding body functions

The learner is guided to:
- Place hands on both sides of the chest while breathing
- Observe what happens to the chest during breathing
- Discuss the mechanism of breathing in and out

How does the breathing process work?

- Mentor Science and Technology Learner's Book pg. 28
- Digital devices
- Charts showing the breathing mechanism
- Video resources

- Demonstrations - Oral questions - Written assignments

Living Things and Their Environment

The Human Breathing System - Model Creation Planning

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Plan a model of the human breathing system
- Identify materials needed for the model
- Show enthusiasm for model creation

The learner is guided to:
- Discuss what a model of the breathing system should include
- Plan a model of the breathing system
- Identify locally available materials for making the model

How can we represent the breathing system with a model?

- Mentor Science and Technology Learner's Book pg. 28
- Various locally available materials
- Charts showing models of the breathing system
- Digital resources

- Projects - Observation schedules - Peer assessment

Living Things and Their Environment

The Human Breathing System - Model Creation

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Make a model of the human breathing system
- Demonstrate how the model works
- Show creativity in model creation

The learner is guided to:
- Use locally available materials to make a model of the breathing system
- Ensure the model demonstrates the breathing mechanism
- Label the parts of the model

How can we create functional models of the breathing system?

- Mentor Science and Technology Learner's Book pg. 29
- Locally available materials (bottles, balloons, straws, etc.)
- Scissors, string, rubber bands
- Labels

- Projects - Demonstrations - Peer assessment

Living Things and Their Environment

The Human Breathing System - Model Presentation

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Present their breathing system models
- Explain how their models represent the breathing system
- Show confidence in presenting their work

The learner is guided to:
- Present their completed breathing system models
- Explain how their models represent the breathing system
- Demonstrate how their models work

How effectively do our models represent the breathing system?

- Mentor Science and Technology Learner's Book pg. 30
- Completed models
- Presentation space
- Labels

- Presentations - Peer assessment - Teacher observation

Living Things and Their Environment

The Human Breathing System - Common Conditions (Colds and Coughs)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify symptoms of common colds and coughs
- Explain prevention measures for colds and coughs
- Show responsibility in preventing the spread of colds and coughs

The learner is guided to:
- Discuss symptoms of common colds and coughs
- Identify ways to prevent colds and coughs
- Demonstrate proper coughing and sneezing etiquette

What measures can help prevent respiratory conditions?

- Mentor Science and Technology Learner's Book pg. 31
- Digital devices
- Charts showing symptoms of colds and coughs
- Video resources

- Oral questions - Written assignments - Demonstrations

Living Things and Their Environment

The Human Breathing System - COVID-19
The Human Breathing System - Allergies

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify symptoms of COVID-19
- Explain prevention measures for COVID-19
- Show responsibility in preventing the spread of COVID-19

The learner is guided to:
- Discuss symptoms of COVID-19
- Identify ways to prevent COVID-19
- Demonstrate proper handwashing technique

How can we protect ourselves from COVID-19?

- Mentor Science and Technology Learner's Book pg. 32
- Digital devices
- Charts showing symptoms of COVID-19
- Video resources
- Mentor Science and Technology Learner's Book pg. 33
- Charts showing symptoms of allergies

- Oral questions - Written assignments - Demonstrations

Living Things and Their Environment

The Human Breathing System - Asthma

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify symptoms of asthma
- Explain prevention measures for asthmatic attacks
- Show empathy towards people with asthma

The learner is guided to:
- Discuss symptoms of asthma
- Identify ways to prevent asthmatic attacks
- Create awareness posters on asthma

How can we manage asthma effectively?

- Mentor Science and Technology Learner's Book pg. 34
- Digital devices
- Charts showing symptoms of asthma
- Video resources

- Oral questions - Written assignments - Projects

Living Things and Their Environment

The Human Breathing System - Comparison of Respiratory Conditions

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Compare different respiratory conditions
- Create a comparison chart of respiratory conditions
- Show interest in understanding respiratory health

The learner is guided to:
- Create a comparison chart showing different respiratory conditions
- Identify similarities and differences among respiratory conditions
- Share their findings with peers

How do different respiratory conditions compare?

- Mentor Science and Technology Learner's Book pg. 35
- Digital devices
- Charts
- Reference materials

- Projects - Written assignments - Peer assessment

Living Things and Their Environment

The Human Breathing System - Maintaining a Healthy Breathing System

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the importance of maintaining a healthy breathing system
- Identify ways to maintain a healthy breathing system
- Show commitment to maintaining respiratory health

The learner is guided to:
- Discuss the importance of a healthy breathing system
- Identify ways to maintain respiratory health
- Create a personal plan for respiratory health

Why is it important to maintain a healthy breathing system?

- Mentor Science and Technology Learner's Book pg. 36
- Digital devices
- Charts
- Reference materials

- Oral questions - Written assignments - Projects

Living Things and Their Environment

The Human Breathing System - Personal Health Plan

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Create a personal plan for respiratory health
- Apply knowledge of respiratory health
- Show commitment to respiratory health practices

The learner is guided to:
- Create a personal respiratory health plan
- Include specific actions to maintain respiratory health
- Share their plans with peers

How can we implement respiratory health practices?

- Mentor Science and Technology Learner's Book pg. 37
- Digital devices
- Reference materials
- Planning templates

- Projects - Written assignments - Peer assessment

Living Things and Their Environment

The Human Breathing System - Campaign Planning

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Plan a respiratory health campaign
- Apply knowledge of respiratory health
- Show commitment to community health

The learner is guided to:
- Plan a respiratory health campaign for the school
- Create awareness materials for the campaign
- Identify key messages for the campaign

How can we promote respiratory health in our community?

- Mentor Science and Technology Learner's Book pg. 37
- Digital devices
- Art materials
- Reference materials

- Projects - Presentations - Peer assessment

Living Things and Their Environment

The Human Breathing System - Assessment Activities

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Demonstrate knowledge of the human breathing system
- Apply skills in identifying respiratory conditions
- Show positive attitude towards respiratory health

The learner is guided to:
- Complete assessment activities on the human breathing system
- Identify respiratory conditions based on given symptoms
- Discuss their responses with peers

How well have we understood the human breathing system?

- Mentor Science and Technology Learner's Book pg. 37
- Assessment worksheets
- Digital devices
- Reference materials

- Written quizzes - Oral questions - Self-assessment

Mixtures

Water Pollution - Meaning of Water Pollution
Water Pollution - Water Pollutants

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define water pollution
- Distinguish between clean and polluted water
- Appreciate the importance of clean water

The learner is guided to:
- Discuss the meaning of water pollution
- Observe pictures of clean and polluted water
- Use digital devices to explore water pollution

Why is water pollution a concern?

- Mentor Science and Technology Learner's Book pg. 56
- Digital devices
- Pictures of clean and polluted water
- Video resources
- Mentor Science and Technology Learner's Book pg. 57
- School and neighborhood environment
- Protective gear (gumboots, gloves, masks)
- Recording materials

- Oral questions - Written assignments - Observation schedules

Mixtures

Water Pollution - Human Activities Causing Water Pollution

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify human activities that cause water pollution
- Explain how these activities pollute water
- Show responsibility in preventing water pollution

The learner is guided to:
- Observe pictures showing activities that pollute water
- Discuss how human activities pollute water
- Identify activities in their locality that pollute water

How do human activities contribute to water pollution?

- Mentor Science and Technology Learner's Book pg. 58
- Digital devices
- Pictures showing water pollution
- Video resources

- Oral questions - Written assignments - Projects

Mixtures

Water Pollution - Soil as a Water Pollutant

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain how soil pollutes water
- Identify activities that lead to soil pollution of water
- Show concern about soil erosion

The learner is guided to:
- Observe pictures showing soil pollution of water
- Discuss how soil enters water sources
- Identify activities that lead to soil erosion

How does soil pollute water sources?

- Mentor Science and Technology Learner's Book pg. 59
- Digital devices
- Pictures showing soil erosion
- Video resources

- Oral questions - Written assignments - Observation schedules

Mixtures

Water Pollution - Effects on Animals

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain effects of water pollution on animals
- Identify animals affected by water pollution
- Show concern for animals affected by polluted water

The learner is guided to:
- Observe pictures showing effects of polluted water on animals
- Discuss how polluted water affects animals
- Create awareness posters on protecting animals from water pollution

How does water pollution affect animals?

- Mentor Science and Technology Learner's Book pg. 60
- Digital devices
- Pictures showing effects of water pollution
- Art materials

- Oral questions - Written assignments - Projects

Mixtures

Water Pollution - Effects on Humans

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain effects of water pollution on humans
- Identify diseases caused by polluted water
- Show concern for human health in relation to water quality

The learner is guided to:
- Observe pictures showing effects of polluted water on humans
- Discuss how polluted water affects human health
- Create awareness posters on protecting humans from water pollution

How does water pollution affect human health?

- Mentor Science and Technology Learner's Book pg. 61
- Digital devices
- Pictures showing effects of water pollution
- Art materials

- Oral questions - Written assignments - Projects

Mixtures

Water Pollution - Effects on Plants

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain effects of water pollution on plants
- Identify plants affected by water pollution
- Show concern for plants affected by polluted water

The learner is guided to:
- Observe pictures showing effects of polluted water on plants
- Discuss how polluted water affects plant growth
- Create awareness posters on protecting plants from water pollution

How does water pollution affect plants?

- Mentor Science and Technology Learner's Book pg. 62
- Digital devices
- Pictures showing effects of water pollution
- Art materials

- Oral questions - Written assignments - Projects

Mixtures

Water Pollution - Methods of Reducing Water Pollution (Waste Disposal)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain proper waste disposal methods
- Demonstrate proper waste disposal
- Show responsibility in waste disposal

The learner is guided to:
- Observe pictures showing proper and improper waste disposal
- Discuss how proper waste disposal reduces water pollution
- Participate in a clean-up activity in the school compound

How can proper waste disposal reduce water pollution?

- Mentor Science and Technology Learner's Book pg. 63
- Digital devices
- Pictures showing waste disposal
- Waste bins
- Protective gear

- Observation schedules - Practical activities - Peer assessment

Mixtures

Water Pollution - Methods of Reducing Water Pollution (Dirty Water Disposal)
Water Pollution - Methods of Reducing Water Pollution (Soil Erosion Control)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain proper disposal of dirty water
- Demonstrate proper disposal of dirty water
- Show responsibility in dirty water management

The learner is guided to:
- Discuss how to properly dispose of dirty water
- Identify ways to reuse dirty water
- Create a flowchart showing proper dirty water management

How can proper dirty water disposal reduce water pollution?

- Mentor Science and Technology Learner's Book pg. 64
- Digital devices
- Charts
- Art materials
- Mentor Science and Technology Learner's Book pg. 65
- School compound
- Pictures showing soil erosion control

- Oral questions - Written assignments - Projects

Mixtures

Water Pollution - Basic Methods of Water Treatment (Boiling)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the process of boiling water
- Demonstrate boiling as a water treatment method
- Appreciate the importance of boiling water

The learner is guided to:
- Discuss the process of boiling water for treatment
- Observe pictures showing water boiling
- Discuss safety measures when boiling water

How does boiling make water safe?

- Mentor Science and Technology Learner's Book pg. 66
- Digital devices
- Pictures showing water boiling
- Heat source (under teacher supervision)

- Oral questions - Written assignments - Observation schedules

Mixtures

Water Pollution - Basic Methods of Water Treatment (Filtration)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the process of water filtration
- Demonstrate water filtration
- Show interest in water filtration methods

The learner is guided to:
- Discuss the process of water filtration
- Demonstrate simple water filtration using locally available materials
- Discuss the limitations of filtration

How effective is filtration in water treatment?

- Mentor Science and Technology Learner's Book pg. 67
- Dirty water
- Filter materials (cloth, sand)
- Containers

- Practical activities - Oral questions - Written assignments

Mixtures

Water Pollution - Basic Methods of Water Treatment (Chemical Treatment)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain chemical treatment of water
- Identify safe chemicals used for water treatment
- Show caution when handling water treatment chemicals

The learner is guided to:
- Discuss chemical treatment of water
- Observe pictures showing chemical water treatment
- Discuss safety measures when using water treatment chemicals

How effective is chemical treatment of water?

- Mentor Science and Technology Learner's Book pg. 68
- Digital devices
- Pictures showing chemical water treatment
- Water treatment chemicals (under teacher supervision)

- Oral questions - Written assignments - Observation schedules

Mixtures

Water Pollution - Basic Methods of Water Treatment (Solar Treatment)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain solar treatment of water
- Identify situations where solar treatment is appropriate
- Appreciate the use of renewable energy for water treatment

The learner is guided to:
- Discuss solar treatment of water
- Observe pictures showing solar water treatment
- Discuss the advantages and limitations of solar treatment

How effective is solar treatment of water?

- Mentor Science and Technology Learner's Book pg. 69
- Digital devices
- Pictures showing solar water treatment
- Clear bottles for solar treatment demonstration

- Oral questions - Written assignments - Observation schedules

Mixtures

Water Pollution - Water Filter Project Planning

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Plan a water filter project
- Identify materials needed for the water filter
- Show enthusiasm for the project

The learner is guided to:
- Discuss what a water filter should include
- Plan a water filter using locally available materials
- Identify materials needed for the water filter

How can we design an effective water filter?

- Mentor Science and Technology Learner's Book pg. 70
- Digital devices
- Pictures of water filters
- Planning worksheets

- Project plans - Oral questions - Peer assessment

Mixtures

Water Pollution - Water Filter Construction

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Make a functional water filter
- Explain how the water filter works
- Show creativity in filter construction

The learner is guided to:
- Use locally available materials to make a water filter
- Layer the filtering materials in the correct order
- Test the water filter

How can we construct a functional water filter?

- Mentor Science and Technology Learner's Book pg. 70
- Plastic bottles
- Gravel, sand, charcoal, cloth
- Scissors, string
- Dirty water

- Projects - Demonstrations - Peer assessment

Mixtures

Water Pollution - Water Filter Testing

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Test the effectiveness of the water filter
- Identify areas for improvement
- Show commitment to enhancing filter effectiveness

The learner is guided to:
- Test their water filters with dirty water
- Observe the filtered water
- Discuss ways to improve the water filter

How can we improve our water filters?

- Mentor Science and Technology Learner's Book pg. 71
- Completed water filters
- Dirty water
- Clean containers

- Projects - Demonstrations - Peer assessment

Mixtures
Force and Energy
Force and Energy

Water Pollution - Water Filter Presentation
Floating and Sinking - Demonstrating Floating and Sinking
Floating and Sinking - Classifying Objects

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Present their water filters
- Explain the filtering process
- Show confidence in presenting their work

The learner is guided to:
- Present their completed water filters
- Explain how their filters work
- Demonstrate the filtering process

How effective are our water filters?

- Mentor Science and Technology Learner's Book pg. 71
- Completed water filters
- Dirty water
- Presentation space
- Mentor Science and Technology Learner's Book pg. 73
- Various objects (wooden sticks, stones, bottle tops, etc.)
- Container with water
- Digital resources
- Mentor Science and Technology Learner's Book pg. 74
- Various objects
- Digital devices
- Chart paper

- Presentations - Peer assessment - Teacher observation

Force and Energy

Floating and Sinking - Factors Affecting Floating and Sinking (Shape)
Floating and Sinking - Factors Affecting Floating and Sinking (Weight)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain how shape affects floating and sinking
- Demonstrate the effect of shape on floating and sinking
- Appreciate the role of shape in floating and sinking

The learner is guided to:
- Observe pictures of ships made of metal and metal coins
- Conduct experiments with bottle tops (normal and crushed)
- Conduct experiments with plasticine (ball and bowl shapes)

How does shape affect floating and sinking?

- Mentor Science and Technology Learner's Book pg. 75
- Bottle tops
- Plasticine
- Container with water
- Hammer (teacher use only)
- Mentor Science and Technology Learner's Book pg. 76
- Containers of same size
- Sand, feathers or cotton wool
- Container with water

- Practical activities - Oral questions - Observation schedules

Force and Energy

Floating and Sinking - Factors Affecting Floating and Sinking (Size)
Floating and Sinking - Applications (Swimming)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain how size affects floating and sinking
- Demonstrate the effect of size on floating and sinking
- Appreciate that size does not affect floating and sinking

The learner is guided to:
- Conduct experiments with blocks of wood of different sizes
- Observe the effect of size on floating
- Discuss their observations and conclusions

How does size affect floating and sinking?

- Mentor Science and Technology Learner's Book pg. 77
- Blocks of wood of different sizes
- Container with water
- Digital resources
- Mentor Science and Technology Learner's Book pg. 78
- Digital devices
- Pictures showing swimming
- Art materials

- Practical activities - Oral questions - Written assignments

Force and Energy

Floating and Sinking - Applications (Diving)
Floating and Sinking - Applications (Lifesavers)
Floating and Sinking - Applications (Water Transport)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain how floating and sinking apply to diving
- Identify safety measures in diving
- Show awareness of diving safety

The learner is guided to:
- Discuss how diving involves both sinking and floating
- Identify safety measures when diving
- Create awareness posters on diving safety

How are floating and sinking principles applied in diving?

- Mentor Science and Technology Learner's Book pg. 78
- Digital devices
- Pictures showing diving
- Art materials
- Pictures showing lifesavers
- Video resources
- Mentor Science and Technology Learner's Book pg. 79
- Pictures showing water vessels

- Oral questions - Written assignments - Projects

Force and Energy

Floating and Sinking - Applications (Floods and Rescue)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain how floating and sinking principles are applied during floods
- Identify flood safety measures
- Show concern for flood victims

The learner is guided to:
- Discuss how flooding affects communities
- Identify safety measures during floods
- Discuss how floating devices are used in rescue operations

How are floating principles applied in flood rescue?

- Mentor Science and Technology Learner's Book pg. 79
- Digital devices
- Pictures showing floods and rescue operations
- Video resources

- Oral questions - Written assignments - Projects

Force and Energy

Floating and Sinking - Applications (Surfing)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain how floating and sinking apply to surfing
- Identify surfing safety measures
- Show interest in water sports

The learner is guided to:
- Discuss how surfboards float on water
- Identify safety measures in surfing
- Discuss the importance of balance in surfing

How are floating principles applied in surfing?

- Mentor Science and Technology Learner's Book pg. 79
- Digital devices
- Pictures showing surfing
- Video resources

- Oral questions - Written assignments - Projects

Force and Energy

Floating and Sinking - Lifesaver Project Planning

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Plan a lifesaver project
- Identify materials needed for the lifesaver
- Show enthusiasm for the project

The learner is guided to:
- Discuss what a lifesaver should include
- Plan a lifesaver using locally available materials
- Identify materials needed for the lifesaver

How can we design effective lifesavers?

- Mentor Science and Technology Learner's Book pg. 80
- Digital devices
- Pictures of lifesavers
- Planning worksheets

- Project plans - Oral questions - Peer assessment

Force and Energy

Floating and Sinking - Lifesaver Construction

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Make a functional lifesaver
- Explain how the lifesaver works
- Show creativity in lifesaver construction

The learner is guided to:
- Use locally available materials to make a lifesaver
- Ensure the lifesaver is functional
- Test the lifesaver in water (under teacher supervision)

How can we construct functional lifesavers?

- Mentor Science and Technology Learner's Book pg. 80
- Rubber tubes or plastics
- Air pump
- Rope
- Water source for testing

- Projects - Demonstrations - Peer assessment