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Chemistry
Form 4 2025
TERM II
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WK LSN TOPIC SUB-TOPIC OBJECTIVES T/L ACTIVITIES T/L AIDS REFERENCE REMARKS
1 4
ENERGY CHANGES IN PHYSICAL & CHEMICAL PROCESSES.
Standard enthalpy changes.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define the term standard enthalpy change.
Denote standard enthalpy change with the correct notation.
Exposition & brief discussion.
student book
K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 54-56
1 5
ENERGY CHANGES IN PHYSICAL & CHEMICAL PROCESSES.
Hess?s Law.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
State Hess?s law.

Solve problems related to Hess?s law.
Detailed discussion & guided discovery of the law.
Illustrations of energy cycles and energy levels leading to Hess?s law.
Worked examples.
Supervised practice
Written assignment.
student book
K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 56-57
2 1-2
ENERGY CHANGES IN PHYSICAL & CHEMICAL PROCESSES.
Heat of solution hydration energy and lattice energy.
Heat values of fuels.
Environmental effects of fuels.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define the terms lattice energy and hydration energy.
Explain the relationship between heat of solution, hydration energy.
Solve related problems.

Outline some environmental effects of fuels.
Identify measures taken to reduce environmental
pollution.
Exposition of new concepts.
Guided discovery of the relationship between heat solution hydration energy and lattice energy.
Worked examples.
Assignment.

Q/A & open discussion.
student book
K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 60-64
K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 67-68
2 3
RATES OF REACTION & REVERSIBLE REACTIONS.
Effect of temperature of reactants on rate of reaction.
Effect of change in surface area of reactants on the rate of a reaction.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain the effect of temperature on rate of reaction.
Group experiments: investigate the effects of temperature on the rate of reaction of sodium thiosulphate with dilute HCl.
Sketch and interpret relevant graphs.
Discuss the collision theory and effects of activation energy.
Sodium thiosulphate heated at different temperatures, dilute HCl, stopwatches.
Graph papers.
Marble chips, marble chips powder, syringes, conical flasks with stoppers, 1M HCl.
K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 80-83
2 4
RATES OF REACTION & REVERSIBLE REACTIONS.
Effect of a suitable catalyst on the rate of a reaction
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain effects of a suitable catalyst on the rate of a reaction.
Teacher demonstration: preparation and collection of oxygen gas without using a catalyst, then using manganese (IV) oxide as a catalyst.
Explain the results in terms of activation energy.
Hydrogen peroxide, manganese (IV) oxide.
K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 85-88
2 5
RATES OF REACTION & REVERSIBLE REACTIONS.
Effect of light on rate of specific reactions.
Reversible reactions.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify reactions that are affected by light.
Teacher demonstration: decomposition of silver bromide in the presence of light.
Mention other examples of reactions affected by light.
Silver bromide.
Crystals of hydrated copper (II) sulphate.
K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 89-91
3 1-2
RATES OF REACTION & REVERSIBLE REACTIONS.
State of equilibrium in chemical reactions.
Le Chatelier?s Principle.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define the term equilibrium as used in reversible reactions.
Write down equations of reversible reactions in a state of equilibrium.

State Le Chatelier?s Principle.
Brief discussion, giving examples of chemical equations for reversible reactions.
Investigate the effect of change of concentration of reactants on equilibrium.
Add 2M sodium hydroxide in steps to bromine water.
Make and record observations.
Discuss the results leading to
Le Chatelier?s Principle.
student book
Add 2M sodium hydroxide,
K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 94-95
K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 95-97
3 3
RATES OF REACTION & REVERSIBLE REACTIONS.
Effect of change of pressure and temperature on equilibrium shift.
The Haber Process.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain the effect of change of pressure & te,perature on equilibrium shift.
Q/A: review kinetic theory of matter.
Q/A & discussion on effect of change of pressure / temperature on shifting of equilibrium; giving specific examples of chemical equations.
Written assignment.
student book
K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 97-101
3 4
RATES OF REACTION & REVERSIBLE REACTIONS.
The Contact Process.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain how change of temperature and pressure affect rate of manufacture of sulphur (VI) acid.
Probing questions and brief discussion.

Assignment.
student book
K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 103-104
3 5
ELECTRO-CHEMISTRY.
Redox reactions.
Oxidizing Numbers.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:


Describe redox reactions in terms of gain / loss of electrons.
Identify oxidizing / reducing agents involved in redox reactions.


Q/A: review cations, anions and charges.
Write down ionic half equations and identify reducing / oxidizing agents.
student book
K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 108-9
4

OPENER EXAMINATIONS

5 1-2
ELECTRO-CHEMISTRY.
Displacement reactions.
The oxidizing power of an element.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain change of oxidation numbers during redox / displacement reactions. Arrange elements in order of their reducing power.
Arrange elements in order of their oxidizing power.
Class standard experiments: reacting metals with solutions containing metal ions.
Taking note of reactions and those that do not take place; and tabulating the results.
Teacher demonstration / group expts:
Adding halogens to solutions containing halide ions.
Tabulate the results.
Discuss the results and arrive at the oxidizing power series of halogens.
Metals: Ca, Na, Zn, Fe, Pb, and Cu.
Solutions containing Ca2+, Mg2+, Zn2+, Fe2+.

Halogens:
Cl2 (g),
Br2 (l),
I2 (s).

Halides:
KCl, KBr, KI.
K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 116-120
K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 120-122
5 3
ELECTRO-CHEMISTRY.
Cell diagrams.
Standard Electrode Potentials.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define the terms electrode, potential and e.m.f. of an electrochemical cell.
Describe components of a cell diagram.
Draw cell diagrams using correct notations.
Teacher demonstration: Zinc/ copper cell.
Q/A & discussion: changes in oxidation numbers.
Exposition: cell diagram and deducing the direction of electron flow.
Zinc/ copper cell.
student book
K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 123-128
5 4
ELECTRO-CHEMISTRY.
Standard electrode potential series.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Recall the order of standard electrode potentials.
Compare oxidizing and reducing powers of substances.
Q/A: review reactivity series, oxidizing agent, reducing agent.
Exposition: the order of standard electrode potentials.
Discussion: oxidizing and reducing powers of substances.
student book
K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 131-133
5 5
ELECTRO-CHEMISTRY.
Emf of a cell.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Calculate emf of a cell using standard electrodes potentials.
Q/A: review half-cells.
Worked examples; supervised practice.
Assignment.
student book
K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 133-136
6 1-2
ELECTRO-CHEMISTRY.
Possibility of a reaction to take place.
Primary and secondary chemical cells.
Electrolysis of dilute NaCl.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Predict whether a reaction will take place or not using standard electrode potentials.


Define the term electrolysis.
Explain the concept of preferential discharge of ions.
Worked examples.
Oral exercise.
Assignment.
Teacher demonstration: electrolysis of dilute sodium chloride with carbon electrodes.
Test for gases collected.
Write down equations of reactions at each electrode.
Discussion: preferential discharge of ions at electrodes.
student book
Dilute sodium chloride voltameter.
K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 136-137
K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 141-144
6 3
ELECTRO-CHEMISTRY.
Electrolysis of brine.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify products of electrolysis of brine.
Teacher demonstration/ group experiments.
Test for the products of electrolysis.
Write relevant equations.


Brine voltameter.
K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 144-146
6 4
ELECTRO-CHEMISTRY.
Electrolysis of dilute sulphuric (VI) acid.
Factors affecting electrolysis.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify products of electrolysis of dilute sulphuric (VI) acid.
Teacher demonstration/ group experiments.
Test for the products of electrolysis.
Write relevant equations.
Sulphuric acid voltameter.
student book
K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 146-148
6 5
ELECTRO-CHEMISTRY.
Application of electrolysis.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe some applications of electrolysis.
Probing questions and brief discussion on applications of electrolysis.
Practical assignment on electrolysis: electroplating an iron nail with a suitable metal.
Suitable voltameter.
K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 155-7
7 1-2
ELECTRO-CHEMISTRY.
METALS
Faraday?s law of electrolysis.
Ores of some metals.
Occurrence and extraction of sodium.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
State Faraday?s law of electrolysis.
Solve problems related to Faraday?s law of electrolysis.



Describe occurrence and extraction of sodium.
Discuss above results, leading to Faraday?s law of electrolysis.

Worked examples.

Assignment.
Oral questions on electrolysis and equations at electrodes.
Brief discussion on occurrence and extraction.
Weighing balance, stop watch, copper sulphate voltameter.
Chart: Down?s cell.
K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 161-4
K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 170-171
7 3
METALS
Occurrence and extraction of aluminium.
Occurrence and extraction of iron.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe occurrence and extraction of aluminium.
Brief discussion.
Write relevant chemical equations.
student book
Chart: Blast furnace.
K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 171-3
7 4
METALS
Occurrence and extraction of zinc.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe occurrence and extraction of zinc by electrolysis and reduction methods.
Brief discussion.
Write relevant chemical equations.
Flow chart: extraction of Zinc.
K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 175-9
7 5
METALS
Extraction of lead.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain how lead is extracted.
Q/A & brief discussion.
Write balanced chemical equations leading to extraction of lead.
Flow chart: extraction of lead.
K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 179-80
8-9

MIDTERM EXAMINATIONS AND BREAK

10 1-2
METALS
Occurrence and extraction of copper.
Physical properties of some metals.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe extraction of copper.
State general properties of metals.
Explain the difference in physical properties of metals.
Q/A & brief discussion.
Write balanced chemical equations leading to extraction of copper.

Compare physical properties of some metals as summarized in a chart.
Q/A & discussion based on physical properties.
Flow chart: extraction of copper.
student book
K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 181-183
K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 183-4
10 3
METALS
Reaction of metals with oxygen.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain effect of burning metals in air.
Teacher demonstration / Group experiments.
Burning some metals in air.
Write relevant equations.
Brief discussion.
Common lab. metals.
K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 184-6
10 4
METALS
Reaction of metals with cold water and steam.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe reaction of metals with cold water and steam.

Arrange the metals in order of reactivity with cold water and steam.

Class experiments:
Investigate reaction of some metals with cold water and steam.
Analyse the results.
Metals: Al, Zn, Fe, Cu.
K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 186-9
10 5
METALS
Reaction of metals with chlorine.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe the reaction of metals with chlorine.
Teacher demonstration in a fume cupboard / in the open.
Investigate reaction of metals with chorine
Write corresponding equations.

Metals: Al, Zn, Fe, Cu.
K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 189-191
11 1-2
METALS
Reaction of metals with acids.
Uses of metals.
Environmental effects of extraction of metals.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe and explain reaction of metals with acids.
Identify some environmental effects of extraction of metals.
Group experiments: investigate reaction of metals with dilute acids.
Teacher demonstration: investigate reaction of metals with concentrated acids.
Discuss the observations made and write relevant chemical equations.

Oral questions and open discussion.

Assignment / Topic review.
Metals: Al, Zn, Fe, Cu.
Acids; HCl, HNO3, H2SO4.
student book
K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 191-4
K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 197-8
11 3
RADIOACTIVITY
Definition of radioactivity.
Alpha particles.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:


Define radioactivity, a nuclide and radioactive decay.
Differentiate between natural and artificial radioactivity.



Q/A: Review the atomic structure.
Exposition: symbolic representation of an atom / nucleus.
Exposition: meaning of radioactivity and radioactive decay.
Discussion: artificial and natural radioactivity.

student book
K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 249-251
11 4
RADIOACTIVITY
Equations involving alpha particles.
Beta particles. Gamma rays.
Radioactive Half-Life.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Write down and balance equations involving alpha particles.
Q/A: Review atomic and mass numbers.
Examples of balanced equations.
Supervised practice.
student book
Dice.
K.L.B. BK IV
Page 257
11 5
RADIOACTIVITY
Radioactive decay curve.
Nuclear fusion and nuclear fission. Applications of radioactivity.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Plot a radioactive decay curve to deduce the
half ?life from the curve.
Drawing a radioactive decay curve inferring the half-life of the sample from the graph.
Graph papers.
student book
K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 254-5
12-13

ENDTERM EXAMINATIONS

14

MARKING AND CLOSING SCHOOL


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