TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Factors affecting rate of transpiration.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To state and explain factors affecting transpiration.

Q/A:
Discussion
Explanations.

text book

K.L.B. BOOK 2
Pages 12- 14

TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

The Xylem tissue. Forces involved in transport of water and mineral salts.
Rates of transpiration on leaf surfaces.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe the structure of xylem tissue.

To explain the forces involved in transport of water and mineral salts.

To describe simple experiments to show rates of transpiration on leaf surfaces.

Q/A:
Discussion
Explanations
Drawing diagrams.


Discuss above observations.
Draw graphs to show rates of transpiration on leaf surfaces.
Answer questions.

Wall charts-The xylem tissue.
text book

K.L.B. BOOK 2
Pages 10-12
K.L.B. BOOK 2
Page 18

TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Translocation of organic compounds.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To define translocation.
To describe the structure of phloem tissue.

Q/A: To review photosynthesis.
Discussion and explanations of structure of phloem tissue.
Drawing and labeling phloem tissue.

Chart - phloem tissue.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
Page 17

TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Transport in Animals. Open and closed circulatory systems. Open circulatory system in insects.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:



To differentiate between open and closed circulatory systems.

To discuss open circulatory system in insects.

Exposition and discussion.

Drawing and labeling diagrams.

Charts- Circulatory systems.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
Pages 18 - 19

TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Transport in Animals. Open and closed circulatory systems. Open circulatory system in insects.
Single and double circulatory systems.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:



To differentiate between open and closed circulatory systems.

To discuss open circulatory system in insects.


To differentiate between single and double circulatory systems.

Exposition and discussion.

Drawing and labeling diagrams.


Exposition and discussion.
Tracing the path followed by blood from a point and back to the same point.

Charts- Circulatory systems.
Chart- Mammalian double circulation system.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
Pages 18 - 19
K.L.B. BOOK 2
Pages 18-20

TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

The mammalian heart ? external structure.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe the external structure of the heart.

Exposition; Identifying compartments of the heart.

Model of a heart.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
Pages 21 - 22

TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Internal structure of mammalian heart.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Draw compartments of the heart and label major parts.

Drawing and labeling a diagram of a mammalian heart.

Model of a heart, wallcharts.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
Pages 22 -23

TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Pumping mechanism of the heart.
Pulse rate.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To differentiate between systolic and diastolic heart movements.


Explain the origin of pulse.
Explain effect of exercise on pulse rate.

Discussion and Explanations.
Experiment- To investigate pulse rate at the wrist.


Record number of pulses before and after an exercise.
Brief discussion.

Stopwatches.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
Pages 23 - 24
K.L.B. BOOK 2
Pages 30 - 31

TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Pulse rate.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain the origin of pulse.
Explain effect of exercise on pulse rate.

Record number of pulses before and after an exercise.
Brief discussion.

Stopwatches.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
Pages 30 - 31

TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Structure of arteries. Major arteries.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe the structure of arteries.

To identify major arteries in the circulatory system.

Discussion
Drawing and labeling internal structure of an artery.

Chart- cross-section of an artery.
Chart-circulatory system.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
Page 25

TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Veins.
Capillaries.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe the structure of veins.
To explain the need for valves in veins.
To state differences between veins and arteries.


To describe the structure of capillaries.
To explain the role of capillaries in transport

Drawing and labeling diagram of an artery.
Discussion and explanations.

Chart-
cross-sections of major blood vessels in the body.
text book

K.L.B. BOOK 2
Pages 27-29
K.L.B. BOOK 2
Pages 25-26

TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Diseases and defects of the circulatory system.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To discuss various diseases and defects of the circulatory system.

Discussion of various diseases and defects of the circulatory system.
Suggest methods of prevention and control.

text book

K.L.B. BOOK 2
Pages 31 - 32

TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Composition of blood. The plasma.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To state the constituents of blood plasma.
To identify functions of plasma.

Detailed discussion and explanations.

text book

K.L.B. BOOK 2
Pages 32 - 33

TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Red blood cells.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To state the functions of red blood cells.
To explain the functions of haemoglobin in r.b.c.

Detailed discussion and explanations.

Wall charts.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
Pages 33 - 34

TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

White blood cells.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe the structure of white blood cells.
To state functions of white blood cells.

Detailed discussion and explanations.

text book

K.L.B. BOOK 2
Pages 34 - 35

TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Platelets.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe the structure of platelets.
To state functions of platelets.

Detailed discussion and explanations.

text book

K.L.B. BOOK 2
Page 35

TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Blood clotting.
Blood groups, Antigens and antibodies.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe the blood clotting process.

To explain importance of blood clotting.


To identify the four blood groups.
To identify compatible blood groups.

Exposition of new concepts.
Detailed discussion.
Completing a table of blood groups and the corresponding antigens and antibodies present.

Blood smear, microscope.
Chart-
blood groups, antigens and antibodies.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
Page 36
K.L.B. BOOK 2
Pages

TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Blood transfusion.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To define blood transfusion.
To identify compatible blood groups.
To identify the universal donor and universal recipient.

Q/A: Identifying compatible blood groups.
Open discussion.
Completing a table of compatible blood groups.

Blood transfusion resource person.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
Pages 30 - 31

TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

The Rhesus factor.
Lymph.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe the Rhesus factor and its significance.

Review blood groups, antigens and antibodies.
Exposition, discussion and explanations.

text book
Chart- the lymphatic system.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
Page 38

TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Immune responses.
Allergic reactions.
Organ transplant.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To differentiate between natural and acquired immunity.
To explain the role of vaccines in immune responses.

To define an allergic reaction.
To identify ways in which allergy presents itself.
To explain cause of allergic reactions.

Detailed explanations and open discussion.
To explain the role of vaccination / immunization.
Open discussion on HIV / AIDS.

Q/A: Manifestations of allergy.

Exposition and brief explanations.

Chart- Diseases that children are immunized against;
Resource person.
text book

K.L.B. BOOK 2
Pages 40 - 41
K.L.B. BOOK 2
Page 43

GASEOUS EXCHANGE

Introduction. Gaseous exchange in plants.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:


To explain importance of gaseous exchange.

To describe gaseous exchange in plants.

Discussion
Explanations

Q/A: Products of respiration.
Detailed discussion.

text book

K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 48

GASEOUS EXCHANGE

Release of CO2 by plants.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe an experiment to show release of CO2 by plants.

Class experiments including control experiments.

Explain the observations made.

Bicarbonate indicator, boiling tubes, Aluminum foil.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 49

GASEOUS EXCHANGE

Release of O2 by plants.
Stomata.
Opening & closing of stomata.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe an experiment to show release of O2 by plants.


To describe the structure and explain the functions of stomata.

Teacher demonstration: Test for the gas evolved.
Discuss observations.
Detailed discussion.
Drawing diagrams.

Gas jar,
Glass funnel,
Water plant,
Beaker.
text book

K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 49
K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 51

GASEOUS EXCHANGE

Stomata and habitats of plants.
Lenticels.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To relate plant habitats and the no. of stomata.
To explain the variation between number of stomata on the upper and lower face.

Observe number of stomata of prepared slides of hydrophytes and xerophytes.

Discuss the observations.

Prepared slides of hydrophytes and xerophytes.
text book

K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 51

GASEOUS EXCHANGE

Respiratory surfaces in animals.
Gaseous exchange in protozoa.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To define a respiratory surface.
To state characteristics of respiratory surfaces.
To identify the environment or medium of operation of respiratory surfaces.

Teacher exposes meaning of a respiratory surface.
Discuss at length, giving examples of organisms that have a given respiratory surface.

text book

K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 53

GASEOUS EXCHANGE

Gaseous exchange in insects.
Breathing in insects.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe the mechanism of gaseous exchange in insects
To describe the breathing mechanism in an insect.

Drawing tracheal system of a grasshopper.
Discuss at length the structure of the tracheal system.
Detailed discussion.

Observe breathing movements of live specimens of grasshoppers, locusts or cockroaches.

text book
Live specimens of insects,
Hand lenses,
Boiling tubes.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
PP. 53, 54
K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 56

GASEOUS EXCHANGE

Number, position and shape of spiracles of insects.
Gaseous exchange in a bony fish.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To give an account of the number, position and shape of spiracles of insects.

Drawing the abdomen and showing the position and shape of spiracles, and giving reasons thereof.

Live specimens of insects.

A gill of a fish.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 56

GASEOUS EXCHANGE

Gaseous exchange in amphibians.
Gaseous exchange in mammals.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To explain the mechanism of gaseous exchange in a frog.

Q/A: Various methods of gaseous exchange in a frog.
Discuss gaseous exchange through the mouth, lungs and skin of a frog.

text book
Wall chart- Respiratory system in man.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 58

GASEOUS EXCHANGE

The structure of the lungs.
Inhalation.
Exhalation.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To explain adaptations of the lungs to their functions.
To describe the process of inhalation in man.

Drawing labeled diagrams coupled with explanations.
Showing movements of ribs during inhalation.
Explain the inhalation mechanism.

Wall charts- Structure of lungs.


Chart / model of a rib cage.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 60-1
K.L.B. BOOK 2
PP. 61-62

GASEOUS EXCHANGE

Thoracic cavity model.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To identify similarities between a model thoracic cavity and an actual thoracic cavity.

Teacher presents a model thoracic cavity.
Q/A: Comparing parts of the model cavity and the actual rib cage.

Thoracic cavity model.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
PP. 61-63

GASEOUS EXCHANGE

Gaseous exchange in an alveolus.
Rate of breathing in man.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe gaseous exchange in an alveolus.
To explain regulation of breathing in man.

Discussion and explanations.

text book

K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 64

GASEOUS EXCHANGE

Intercostal muscles.
Inhaled and exhaled air.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To explain the function of intercostal muscles during the breathing system.

To test for CO2 in the air we inhale/ exhale.

Detailed discussion.
Counting number of inhalations before and after an exercise blow.

Observe colour changes of lime water, and make deductions.
Brief discussion.

Lime water, rib cage model.
Lime water.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 66
K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 67

GASEOUS EXCHANGE

Diseases of the respiratory system.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To state the causes, symptoms and prevention of respiratory diseases.

Discuss cause, symptoms and prevention of whooping cough TB, bronchitis, etc.

Resource person.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
PP. 67-70