Living Things and Their Environment

Vertebrates - Review Activities

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Summarize key concepts about vertebrates
- Identify areas of strength and areas needing improvement
- Show appreciation for knowledge gained about vertebrates

The learner is guided to:
- Review key concepts about vertebrates
- Complete review activities on vertebrates
- Share their learning experiences with peers

What have we learned about vertebrates?

- Mentor Science and Technology Learner's Book pg. 24
- Review worksheets
- Digital devices
- Reference materials

- Written quizzes - Oral questions - Self-assessment

Living Things and Their Environment

The Human Breathing System - Parts of the Breathing System

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify the main parts of the human breathing system
- Draw and label the parts of the human breathing system
- Appreciate the complexity of the human breathing system

The learner is guided to:
- Watch videos on the human breathing system
- Identify the main parts of the human breathing system
- Draw and label the parts of the human breathing system

What makes up the human breathing system?

- Mentor Science and Technology Learner's Book pg. 25
- Digital devices
- Charts showing the human breathing system
- Video resources

- Drawings - Written assignments - Oral questions

Living Things and Their Environment

The Human Breathing System - The Nose
The Human Breathing System - The Trachea

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify the parts of the nose
- Describe the functions of the nose
- Appreciate the role of the nose in breathing

The learner is guided to:
- Observe the internal structure of the nose using models or diagrams
- Discuss the functions of the nose in breathing
- Create a chart showing the functions of the nose

What is the role of the nose in breathing?

- Mentor Science and Technology Learner's Book pg. 26
- Digital devices
- Charts showing the structure of the nose
- Models of the respiratory system
- Charts showing the structure of the trachea

- Oral questions - Written assignments - Projects

Living Things and Their Environment

The Human Breathing System - The Lungs

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify the location and structure of the lungs
- Describe the functions of the lungs
- Appreciate the vital role of lungs in breathing

The learner is guided to:
- Observe the structure of the lungs using models or diagrams
- Discuss the functions of the lungs in breathing
- Create a chart showing the functions of the lungs

What is the role of the lungs in breathing?

- Mentor Science and Technology Learner's Book pg. 27
- Digital devices
- Charts showing the structure of the lungs
- Models of the respiratory system

- Oral questions - Written assignments - Projects

Living Things and Their Environment

The Human Breathing System - The Diaphragm

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify the location and structure of the diaphragm
- Describe the functions of the diaphragm
- Value the importance of the diaphragm in breathing

The learner is guided to:
- Observe the structure of the diaphragm using models or diagrams
- Discuss the functions of the diaphragm in breathing
- Create a chart showing the functions of the diaphragm

What is the role of the diaphragm in breathing?

- Mentor Science and Technology Learner's Book pg. 28
- Digital devices
- Charts showing the structure of the diaphragm
- Models of the respiratory system

- Oral questions - Written assignments - Projects

Living Things and Their Environment

The Human Breathing System - Breathing Mechanism

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the mechanism of breathing in and out
- Demonstrate the breathing process
- Show interest in understanding body functions

The learner is guided to:
- Place hands on both sides of the chest while breathing
- Observe what happens to the chest during breathing
- Discuss the mechanism of breathing in and out

How does the breathing process work?

- Mentor Science and Technology Learner's Book pg. 28
- Digital devices
- Charts showing the breathing mechanism
- Video resources

- Demonstrations - Oral questions - Written assignments

Living Things and Their Environment

The Human Breathing System - Model Creation Planning

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Plan a model of the human breathing system
- Identify materials needed for the model
- Show enthusiasm for model creation

The learner is guided to:
- Discuss what a model of the breathing system should include
- Plan a model of the breathing system
- Identify locally available materials for making the model

How can we represent the breathing system with a model?

- Mentor Science and Technology Learner's Book pg. 28
- Various locally available materials
- Charts showing models of the breathing system
- Digital resources

- Projects - Observation schedules - Peer assessment

Living Things and Their Environment

The Human Breathing System - Model Creation

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Make a model of the human breathing system
- Demonstrate how the model works
- Show creativity in model creation

The learner is guided to:
- Use locally available materials to make a model of the breathing system
- Ensure the model demonstrates the breathing mechanism
- Label the parts of the model

How can we create functional models of the breathing system?

- Mentor Science and Technology Learner's Book pg. 29
- Locally available materials (bottles, balloons, straws, etc.)
- Scissors, string, rubber bands
- Labels

- Projects - Demonstrations - Peer assessment

Living Things and Their Environment

The Human Breathing System - Model Presentation
The Human Breathing System - Common Conditions (Colds and Coughs)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Present their breathing system models
- Explain how their models represent the breathing system
- Show confidence in presenting their work

The learner is guided to:
- Present their completed breathing system models
- Explain how their models represent the breathing system
- Demonstrate how their models work

How effectively do our models represent the breathing system?

- Mentor Science and Technology Learner's Book pg. 30
- Completed models
- Presentation space
- Labels
- Mentor Science and Technology Learner's Book pg. 31
- Digital devices
- Charts showing symptoms of colds and coughs
- Video resources

- Presentations - Peer assessment - Teacher observation

Living Things and Their Environment

The Human Breathing System - COVID-19

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify symptoms of COVID-19
- Explain prevention measures for COVID-19
- Show responsibility in preventing the spread of COVID-19

The learner is guided to:
- Discuss symptoms of COVID-19
- Identify ways to prevent COVID-19
- Demonstrate proper handwashing technique

How can we protect ourselves from COVID-19?

- Mentor Science and Technology Learner's Book pg. 32
- Digital devices
- Charts showing symptoms of COVID-19
- Video resources

- Oral questions - Written assignments - Demonstrations

Living Things and Their Environment

The Human Breathing System - Allergies

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify symptoms of allergies
- Explain prevention measures for allergies
- Show empathy towards people with allergies

The learner is guided to:
- Discuss symptoms of allergies
- Identify ways to prevent allergic reactions
- Create awareness posters on allergies

How can we manage respiratory allergies?

- Mentor Science and Technology Learner's Book pg. 33
- Digital devices
- Charts showing symptoms of allergies
- Video resources

- Oral questions - Written assignments - Projects

Living Things and Their Environment

The Human Breathing System - Asthma

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify symptoms of asthma
- Explain prevention measures for asthmatic attacks
- Show empathy towards people with asthma

The learner is guided to:
- Discuss symptoms of asthma
- Identify ways to prevent asthmatic attacks
- Create awareness posters on asthma

How can we manage asthma effectively?

- Mentor Science and Technology Learner's Book pg. 34
- Digital devices
- Charts showing symptoms of asthma
- Video resources

- Oral questions - Written assignments - Projects

Living Things and Their Environment

The Human Breathing System - Comparison of Respiratory Conditions

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Compare different respiratory conditions
- Create a comparison chart of respiratory conditions
- Show interest in understanding respiratory health

The learner is guided to:
- Create a comparison chart showing different respiratory conditions
- Identify similarities and differences among respiratory conditions
- Share their findings with peers

How do different respiratory conditions compare?

- Mentor Science and Technology Learner's Book pg. 35
- Digital devices
- Charts
- Reference materials

- Projects - Written assignments - Peer assessment

Living Things and Their Environment

The Human Breathing System - Maintaining a Healthy Breathing System

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the importance of maintaining a healthy breathing system
- Identify ways to maintain a healthy breathing system
- Show commitment to maintaining respiratory health

The learner is guided to:
- Discuss the importance of a healthy breathing system
- Identify ways to maintain respiratory health
- Create a personal plan for respiratory health

Why is it important to maintain a healthy breathing system?

- Mentor Science and Technology Learner's Book pg. 36
- Digital devices
- Charts
- Reference materials

- Oral questions - Written assignments - Projects

Living Things and Their Environment

The Human Breathing System - Personal Health Plan
The Human Breathing System - Campaign Planning

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Create a personal plan for respiratory health
- Apply knowledge of respiratory health
- Show commitment to respiratory health practices

The learner is guided to:
- Create a personal respiratory health plan
- Include specific actions to maintain respiratory health
- Share their plans with peers

How can we implement respiratory health practices?

- Mentor Science and Technology Learner's Book pg. 37
- Digital devices
- Reference materials
- Planning templates
- Art materials
- Reference materials

- Projects - Written assignments - Peer assessment

Living Things and Their Environment

The Human Breathing System - Assessment Activities

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Demonstrate knowledge of the human breathing system
- Apply skills in identifying respiratory conditions
- Show positive attitude towards respiratory health

The learner is guided to:
- Complete assessment activities on the human breathing system
- Identify respiratory conditions based on given symptoms
- Discuss their responses with peers

How well have we understood the human breathing system?

- Mentor Science and Technology Learner's Book pg. 37
- Assessment worksheets
- Digital devices
- Reference materials

- Written quizzes - Oral questions - Self-assessment

Mixtures

Mixtures - Meaning of Mixtures
Mixtures - Identifying Mixtures in the Environment

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define the meaning of a mixture
- Distinguish between a mixture and a pure substance
- Appreciate the presence of mixtures in daily life

The learner is guided to:
- Discuss in groups the meaning of mixtures
- Identify examples of mixtures at home and school
- Distinguish between mixtures and pure substances

What should be considered when separating various mixtures?

- Mentor Science and Technology Learner's Book pg. 39
- Digital devices
- Different types of mixtures
- Worksheets
- Mentor Science and Technology Learner's Book pg. 40
- School environment
- Worksheets
- Digital devices

- Observation schedules - Oral questions - Written assignments

Mixtures

Mixtures - Homogeneous Mixtures
Mixtures - Heterogeneous Mixtures
Mixtures - Types of Mixtures (Solid-Solid)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define homogeneous mixtures
- Identify examples of homogeneous mixtures
- Show interest in understanding homogeneous mixtures

The learner is guided to:
- Prepare mixtures of water and sugar/salt
- Observe the uniformity of the mixture
- Discuss characteristics of homogeneous mixtures

What makes a mixture homogeneous?

- Mentor Science and Technology Learner's Book pg. 41
- Water, sugar, salt
- Containers
- Stirring rods
- Mentor Science and Technology Learner's Book pg. 42
- Water, sand
- Mentor Science and Technology Learner's Book pg. 43
- Various solid materials (flour, sand, salt)
- Digital resources

- Oral questions - Practical activities - Written assignments

Mixtures

Mixtures - Types of Mixtures (Solid-Liquid)
Mixtures - Types of Mixtures (Liquid-Liquid)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define solid-liquid mixtures
- Identify examples of solid-liquid mixtures
- Appreciate the importance of solid-liquid mixtures in daily life

The learner is guided to:
- Prepare various solid-liquid mixtures
- Observe and classify them as homogeneous or heterogeneous
- Discuss the concept of solute, solvent, and solution

How can solid-liquid mixtures be classified?

- Mentor Science and Technology Learner's Book pg. 44
- Water, various solids (salt, sugar, sand, flour)
- Containers
- Stirring rods
- Mentor Science and Technology Learner's Book pg. 45
- Various liquids (water, milk, cooking oil, kerosene)

- Oral questions - Practical activities - Written assignments

Mixtures

Mixtures - Separating Heterogeneous Mixtures (Winnowing)
Mixtures - Separating Heterogeneous Mixtures (Picking)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the process of winnowing
- Demonstrate the use of winnowing to separate mixtures
- Appreciate the application of winnowing in daily life

The learner is guided to:
- Discuss the principle of winnowing
- Demonstrate separation of mixtures by winnowing
- Identify applications of winnowing in daily life

How is winnowing used to separate mixtures?

- Mentor Science and Technology Learner's Book pg. 47
- Mixtures of light and heavy particles (rice and husks)
- Containers
- Mats
- Mentor Science and Technology Learner's Book pg. 48
- Mixtures with big solid particles (maize and beans)
- Trays

- Practical activities - Oral questions - Written assignments

Mixtures

Mixtures - Separating Heterogeneous Mixtures (Sieving)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the process of sieving
- Demonstrate the use of sieving to separate mixtures
- Appreciate the application of sieving in daily life

The learner is guided to:
- Discuss the principle of sieving
- Demonstrate separation of mixtures by sieving
- Identify applications of sieving in daily life

How is sieving used to separate mixtures?

- Mentor Science and Technology Learner's Book pg. 49
- Mixtures of particles of different sizes
- Sieves
- Containers

- Practical activities - Oral questions - Written assignments

Mixtures

Mixtures - Separating Heterogeneous Mixtures (Using Magnet)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the use of a magnet to separate mixtures
- Demonstrate the use of a magnet to separate mixtures
- Show interest in magnetic separation

The learner is guided to:
- Discuss the principle of magnetic separation
- Demonstrate separation of mixtures using a magnet
- Identify applications of magnetic separation in daily life

How are magnets used to separate mixtures?

- Mentor Science and Technology Learner's Book pg. 52
- Mixtures containing magnetic materials
- Magnets
- Containers
- Gloves

- Practical activities - Oral questions - Written assignments

Mixtures

Mixtures - Separating Heterogeneous Mixtures (Filtration)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the process of filtration
- Demonstrate the use of filtration to separate mixtures
- Appreciate the application of filtration in daily life

The learner is guided to:
- Discuss the principle of filtration
- Demonstrate separation of mixtures by filtration
- Identify applications of filtration in daily life

How is filtration used to separate mixtures?

- Mentor Science and Technology Learner's Book pg. 51
- Mixtures of insoluble solids and liquids
- Filter materials (cloth, paper)
- Containers

- Practical activities - Oral questions - Written assignments

Mixtures

Mixtures - Separating Heterogeneous Mixtures (Decantation)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the process of decantation
- Demonstrate the use of decantation to separate mixtures
- Show carefulness in separating mixtures by decantation

The learner is guided to:
- Discuss the principle of decantation
- Demonstrate separation of mixtures by decantation
- Identify applications of decantation in daily life

How is decantation used to separate mixtures?

- Mentor Science and Technology Learner's Book pg. 50
- Mixtures of insoluble solids and liquids
- Containers
- Stirring rods

- Practical activities - Oral questions - Written assignments

Mixtures

Mixtures - Separating Heterogeneous Mixtures (Separating Funnel)
Water Pollution - Meaning of Water Pollution

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the use of a separating funnel
- Demonstrate the use of a separating funnel to separate immiscible liquids
- Appreciate the importance of separating funnels

The learner is guided to:
- Discuss the principle of separating immiscible liquids
- Demonstrate separation using a separating funnel
- Identify applications of separating funnels in daily life

How is a separating funnel used to separate mixtures?

- Mentor Science and Technology Learner's Book pg. 53
- Immiscible liquids (water and kerosene)
- Separating funnel
- Containers
- Mentor Science and Technology Learner's Book pg. 56
- Digital devices
- Pictures of clean and polluted water
- Video resources

- Practical activities - Oral questions - Written assignments

Mixtures

Water Pollution - Water Pollutants

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify common water pollutants
- Explain sources of water pollutants
- Show concern about water pollution

The learner is guided to:
- Walk around the school and neighborhood to identify water pollutants
- Record observations of harmful substances causing water pollution
- Discuss findings with peers

What are the common water pollutants in our environment?

- Mentor Science and Technology Learner's Book pg. 57
- School and neighborhood environment
- Protective gear (gumboots, gloves, masks)
- Recording materials

- Observation schedules - Written assignments - Peer assessment

Mixtures

Water Pollution - Human Activities Causing Water Pollution

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify human activities that cause water pollution
- Explain how these activities pollute water
- Show responsibility in preventing water pollution

The learner is guided to:
- Observe pictures showing activities that pollute water
- Discuss how human activities pollute water
- Identify activities in their locality that pollute water

How do human activities contribute to water pollution?

- Mentor Science and Technology Learner's Book pg. 58
- Digital devices
- Pictures showing water pollution
- Video resources

- Oral questions - Written assignments - Projects

Mixtures

Water Pollution - Soil as a Water Pollutant

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain how soil pollutes water
- Identify activities that lead to soil pollution of water
- Show concern about soil erosion

The learner is guided to:
- Observe pictures showing soil pollution of water
- Discuss how soil enters water sources
- Identify activities that lead to soil erosion

How does soil pollute water sources?

- Mentor Science and Technology Learner's Book pg. 59
- Digital devices
- Pictures showing soil erosion
- Video resources

- Oral questions - Written assignments - Observation schedules

Mixtures

Water Pollution - Effects on Animals

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain effects of water pollution on animals
- Identify animals affected by water pollution
- Show concern for animals affected by polluted water

The learner is guided to:
- Observe pictures showing effects of polluted water on animals
- Discuss how polluted water affects animals
- Create awareness posters on protecting animals from water pollution

How does water pollution affect animals?

- Mentor Science and Technology Learner's Book pg. 60
- Digital devices
- Pictures showing effects of water pollution
- Art materials

- Oral questions - Written assignments - Projects

Mixtures

Water Pollution - Effects on Humans

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain effects of water pollution on humans
- Identify diseases caused by polluted water
- Show concern for human health in relation to water quality

The learner is guided to:
- Observe pictures showing effects of polluted water on humans
- Discuss how polluted water affects human health
- Create awareness posters on protecting humans from water pollution

How does water pollution affect human health?

- Mentor Science and Technology Learner's Book pg. 61
- Digital devices
- Pictures showing effects of water pollution
- Art materials

- Oral questions - Written assignments - Projects

Mixtures

Water Pollution - Effects on Plants
Water Pollution - Methods of Reducing Water Pollution (Waste Disposal)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain effects of water pollution on plants
- Identify plants affected by water pollution
- Show concern for plants affected by polluted water

The learner is guided to:
- Observe pictures showing effects of polluted water on plants
- Discuss how polluted water affects plant growth
- Create awareness posters on protecting plants from water pollution

How does water pollution affect plants?

- Mentor Science and Technology Learner's Book pg. 62
- Digital devices
- Pictures showing effects of water pollution
- Art materials
- Mentor Science and Technology Learner's Book pg. 63
- Pictures showing waste disposal
- Waste bins
- Protective gear

- Oral questions - Written assignments - Projects

Mixtures

Water Pollution - Methods of Reducing Water Pollution (Dirty Water Disposal)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain proper disposal of dirty water
- Demonstrate proper disposal of dirty water
- Show responsibility in dirty water management

The learner is guided to:
- Discuss how to properly dispose of dirty water
- Identify ways to reuse dirty water
- Create a flowchart showing proper dirty water management

How can proper dirty water disposal reduce water pollution?

- Mentor Science and Technology Learner's Book pg. 64
- Digital devices
- Charts
- Art materials

- Oral questions - Written assignments - Projects

Mixtures

Water Pollution - Methods of Reducing Water Pollution (Soil Erosion Control)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify methods of controlling soil erosion
- Explain how soil erosion control reduces water pollution
- Show interest in soil erosion control measures

The learner is guided to:
- Discuss methods of controlling soil erosion
- Identify areas in the school compound prone to soil erosion
- Suggest measures to control soil erosion in identified areas

How can soil erosion control reduce water pollution?

- Mentor Science and Technology Learner's Book pg. 65
- Digital devices
- School compound
- Pictures showing soil erosion control

- Oral questions - Written assignments - Projects

Mixtures

Water Pollution - Basic Methods of Water Treatment (Boiling)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the process of boiling water
- Demonstrate boiling as a water treatment method
- Appreciate the importance of boiling water

The learner is guided to:
- Discuss the process of boiling water for treatment
- Observe pictures showing water boiling
- Discuss safety measures when boiling water

How does boiling make water safe?

- Mentor Science and Technology Learner's Book pg. 66
- Digital devices
- Pictures showing water boiling
- Heat source (under teacher supervision)

- Oral questions - Written assignments - Observation schedules

Mixtures

Water Pollution - Basic Methods of Water Treatment (Filtration)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the process of water filtration
- Demonstrate water filtration
- Show interest in water filtration methods

The learner is guided to:
- Discuss the process of water filtration
- Demonstrate simple water filtration using locally available materials
- Discuss the limitations of filtration

How effective is filtration in water treatment?

- Mentor Science and Technology Learner's Book pg. 67
- Dirty water
- Filter materials (cloth, sand)
- Containers

- Practical activities - Oral questions - Written assignments

Mixtures

Water Pollution - Basic Methods of Water Treatment (Chemical Treatment)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain chemical treatment of water
- Identify safe chemicals used for water treatment
- Show caution when handling water treatment chemicals

The learner is guided to:
- Discuss chemical treatment of water
- Observe pictures showing chemical water treatment
- Discuss safety measures when using water treatment chemicals

How effective is chemical treatment of water?

- Mentor Science and Technology Learner's Book pg. 68
- Digital devices
- Pictures showing chemical water treatment
- Water treatment chemicals (under teacher supervision)

- Oral questions - Written assignments - Observation schedules

Mixtures

Water Pollution - Basic Methods of Water Treatment (Solar Treatment)
Water Pollution - Water Filter Project Planning

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain solar treatment of water
- Identify situations where solar treatment is appropriate
- Appreciate the use of renewable energy for water treatment

The learner is guided to:
- Discuss solar treatment of water
- Observe pictures showing solar water treatment
- Discuss the advantages and limitations of solar treatment

How effective is solar treatment of water?

- Mentor Science and Technology Learner's Book pg. 69
- Digital devices
- Pictures showing solar water treatment
- Clear bottles for solar treatment demonstration
- Mentor Science and Technology Learner's Book pg. 70
- Pictures of water filters
- Planning worksheets

- Oral questions - Written assignments - Observation schedules

Mixtures

Water Pollution - Water Filter Construction

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Make a functional water filter
- Explain how the water filter works
- Show creativity in filter construction

The learner is guided to:
- Use locally available materials to make a water filter
- Layer the filtering materials in the correct order
- Test the water filter

How can we construct a functional water filter?

- Mentor Science and Technology Learner's Book pg. 70
- Plastic bottles
- Gravel, sand, charcoal, cloth
- Scissors, string
- Dirty water

- Projects - Demonstrations - Peer assessment

Mixtures

Water Pollution - Water Filter Testing

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Test the effectiveness of the water filter
- Identify areas for improvement
- Show commitment to enhancing filter effectiveness

The learner is guided to:
- Test their water filters with dirty water
- Observe the filtered water
- Discuss ways to improve the water filter

How can we improve our water filters?

- Mentor Science and Technology Learner's Book pg. 71
- Completed water filters
- Dirty water
- Clean containers

- Projects - Demonstrations - Peer assessment

Mixtures

Water Pollution - Water Filter Presentation

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Present their water filters
- Explain the filtering process
- Show confidence in presenting their work

The learner is guided to:
- Present their completed water filters
- Explain how their filters work
- Demonstrate the filtering process

How effective are our water filters?

- Mentor Science and Technology Learner's Book pg. 71
- Completed water filters
- Dirty water
- Presentation space

- Presentations - Peer assessment - Teacher observation