Natural and Historic Built Environments in Africa

Earth and the Solar System - Origin of Earth

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Describe the origin of the earth
- Compare different theories of earth's origin
- Show interest in learning about earth's formation

- Read stories about the origin of earth
- Share stories of the origin of the earth from their communities
- Research how the earth was formed according to different theories (Creation theory, Nebula cloud theory, Passing star theory)
- Compare different theories of earth's origin

Why is it important to understand the solar system?

Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 85-86
- Pictures of the solar system
- Digital resources

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Natural and Historic Built Environments in Africa

Earth and the Solar System - Earth characteristics
Earth and the Solar System - Rotation and revolution

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explore the size, shape, and position of earth in the solar system
- Compare earth with other planets
- Value earth as the home of humankind

- Research the size, shape, and position of the earth in the solar system
- Compare earth's size with other planets
- Study diagrams showing earth's measurements
- Discuss the shape of earth (geoid or oblate spheroid)
- Locate earth's position in the solar system

What makes Earth unique in the solar system?

Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 87-88
- Diagrams of the solar system
- Pictures of planets
- Digital resources
Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 88-89
- Diagrams showing rotation and revolution

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Natural and Historic Built Environments in Africa

Earth and the Solar System - Internal structure
Weather - Elements of weather

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Illustrate the internal structure of the earth
- Identify the layers of earth's structure
- Show interest in earth's composition

- Research how the layers of the internal structure of the earth are arranged
- Study a diagram showing the internal structure of earth
- Name the layers of earth's structure (crust, mantle, core)
- Draw the internal structure of the earth
- Label all the parts
- Display diagrams in the class learning corner

What is inside the Earth?

Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 90
- Diagrams of earth's structure
- Digital resources
- Art materials
Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 91
- Pictures of weather elements

- Observation - Drawing assessment - Written tests

Natural and Historic Built Environments in Africa

Weather - Weather instruments construction
Weather - Weather observation

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Construct selected instruments for measuring elements of weather
- Explain how weather instruments function
- Show interest in meteorological measurement

- Read steps involved in constructing weather instruments
- Construct a rain gauge using plastic bottles, rulers, and other materials
- Construct a wind vane using straws, manila paper, and other materials
- Construct a windsock using manila paper, string, and other materials
- Test the instruments in the school compound

How can we predict change in weather conditions?

Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 92-95
- Materials for constructing instruments
- Digital resources
Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 96-97
- Weather instruments
- Recording charts

- Observation - Practical assessment - Oral questions

Natural and Historic Built Environments in Africa

Weather - Weather significance
Weather - Weather response

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Examine the significance of weather to human environment
- Relate weather conditions to human activities
- Show interest in weather patterns

- Research the significance of weather to the human environment
- Visit the local environment to find out human activities during different weather conditions
- Study pictures of activities related to different weather conditions
- Create a chart showing human activities and associated weather conditions
- Write a report on the significance of weather

How does weather affect human activities?

Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 98-99
- Pictures of weather-related activities
- Digital resources
Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 99-100
- Pictures of weather responses
- Art materials

- Observation - Oral presentations - Written reports

Natural and Historic Built Environments in Africa

Fieldwork - Data collection methods
Fieldwork - Data collection practice

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Define fieldwork and its purpose
- Identify methods of data collection used in fieldwork
- Value the importance of fieldwork in research

- Research the meaning of fieldwork
- Find out methods of data collection used in fieldwork
- Discuss methods of data collection (observation, questionnaires, interviews, group discussions)
- Create a chart showing data collection methods and their uses

Why is fieldwork important in social studies?

Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 101
- Research materials
- Digital resources
Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 102-103
- Data collection tools

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Natural and Historic Built Environments in Africa

Fieldwork - Importance of fieldwork
Fieldwork - Challenges and solutions

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain the importance of fieldwork
- Identify benefits of fieldwork to learning
- Appreciate the value of firsthand information

- Research the importance of fieldwork
- Discuss the importance of fieldwork with peers
- Read a conversation between students discussing fieldwork benefits
- Identify the importance of fieldwork from the conversation
- Create a poster highlighting the benefits of fieldwork

What are the benefits of fieldwork in learning?

Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 103-104
- Research materials
- Digital resources
Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 104-105

- Observation - Oral questions - Poster assessment

Natural and Historic Built Environments in Africa

Fieldwork - Data analysis methods
Fieldwork - Valuing fieldwork

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Identify methods of data analysis after fieldwork
- Apply data analysis methods to sample data
- Value the importance of accurate data analysis

- Research methods of data analysis
- Analyze sample data using mean, mode, and median
- Practice data analysis with examples of transport means and food preferences
- Present analysis results to the class
- Discuss the significance of data analysis in research

How can we analyze data collected from fieldwork?

Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 105-106
- Sample data sets
- Calculators
- Digital resources
Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 107
- Research materials

- Observation - Calculation exercises - Presentation assessment

Natural and Historic Built Environments in Africa

Fieldwork - Planning a project
Fieldwork - Conducting fieldwork

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Plan a fieldwork project
- Identify a suitable topic for investigation
- Show interest in environmental issues

- Form groups for fieldwork projects
- Discuss how to conduct fieldwork using relevant materials
- Choose a topic to be studied focusing on environmental issues
- Develop a fieldwork plan including objectives, methods, and timeline
- Present plans to the class for feedback

How can we plan effective fieldwork projects?

Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 107
- Planning templates
- Research materials
- Digital resources
Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 107-108
- Data collection tools
- Notebooks

- Observation - Project plans - Group presentations

Natural and Historic Built Environments in Africa

Fieldwork - Data analysis and presentation
Fieldwork - Report writing

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Analyze data collected during fieldwork
- Present findings in appropriate formats
- Value the importance of accurate analysis

- Use methods of data analysis to analyze collected data
- Organize data in tables, charts, or graphs
- Interpret patterns and trends in the data
- Prepare presentations of the findings
- Share findings with classmates for peer assessment

How should we analyze and present fieldwork data?

Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 108
- Collected data
- Analysis tools
- Presentation materials
- Report templates
- Writing materials
- Digital resources

- Observation - Analysis accuracy - Presentation skills

Natural and Historic Built Environments in Africa
Political Development and Governance

Fieldwork - Project presentation
Political Development in Africa up to 1900 - Political organization

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Present fieldwork findings effectively
- Respond to questions about the project
- Value the importance of sharing research findings

- Prepare final presentations of fieldwork projects
- Present findings to the class using visual aids
- Answer questions from peers and teacher
- Provide constructive feedback on other presentations
- Reflect on the fieldwork experience

How can we effectively communicate fieldwork findings?

Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 108
- Presentation materials
- Visual aids
- Digital resources
Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 109
- Reference materials

- Observation - Presentation skills - Peer assessment

Political Development and Governance

Political Development in Africa up to 1900 - Scramble for Africa
Political Development in Africa up to 1900 - European roles
Political Development in Africa up to 1900 - Berlin Conference

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain the meaning of "Scramble for and Partition of Africa"
- Identify European powers involved in the scramble
- Show interest in African colonial history

- Research the meaning of "Scramble for and Partition of Africa"
- Discuss the meaning with peers
- Write an essay explaining "Scramble for and Partition of Africa"
- Present essays for peer review
- Share work with parents or guardians

How did developments in Europe influence the scramble and partition of Africa?

Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 109-110
- Reference materials
- Digital resources
Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 110-112
- Chart materials
- Reference books
Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 112-113
- Poster materials

- Observation - Essay assessment - Oral presentations

Political Development and Governance

Political Development in Africa up to 1900 - Colonial territories
The Constitution of Kenya - Importance

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Locate the regions of partition by the European groups
- Identify colonial territories in Africa
- Show interest in African colonial geography

- Study a map showing the partition of Africa by European powers
- Identify which European power had the most colonies
- Identify which European power had the least colonies
- Identify countries in Africa that were not colonized
- Fill in a table matching European powers with their African colonies

How was Africa divided among European powers?

Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 113-114
- Map of colonial Africa
- Atlas
- Digital resources
Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 118-119
- Constitution of Kenya
- Reference materials

- Observation - Map work - Written assignments

Political Development and Governance

The Constitution of Kenya - Upholding the constitution
The Constitution of Kenya - Promulgation

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Define terms related to upholding and protecting the constitution
- Identify ways of upholding the constitution
- Show interest in constitutional protection

- Match terms related to upholding and protecting the constitution with their meanings
- Research ways of upholding and protecting the Constitution of Kenya
- Discuss ways of upholding and protecting the Constitution
- Create posters showing ways to uphold the constitution

Why should we uphold and protect the Constitution?

Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 119-120
- Constitution of Kenya
- Digital resources
- Poster materials
Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 121
- Video resources

- Observation - Matching exercises - Oral questions

Political Development and Governance

The Constitution of Kenya - National values
The Constitution of Kenya - Applying national values

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Identify national values in the Constitution of Kenya
- Explain the importance of national values
- Appreciate the role of values in governance

- Research national values provided in the Constitution of Kenya
- Complete a crossword puzzle containing Kenyan national values
- Complete a table explaining national values
- Discuss the importance of national values
- Create posters highlighting national values

How do national values promote good governance?

Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 122-123
- Constitution of Kenya
- Digital resources
- Poster materials
Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 123-125
- Song materials

- Observation - Puzzle completion - Written assignments

Political Development and Governance

Human Rights - Classification
Human Rights - Characteristics

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Define human rights
- Classify human rights as stipulated in human rights instruments
- Value human rights in society

- Research the concept of human rights
- Research the classification of human rights
- Provide examples for each classification
- Share findings with the class
- Create posters showing human rights classifications

Why is it important to know our rights?

Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 126-128
- Human rights documents
- Digital resources
- Reference materials
Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 128-129
- Art materials

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Political Development and Governance

Human Rights - Equity and non-discrimination
Human Rights - Promoting equity

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain the concept of equity and non-discrimination
- Identify examples of equity in society
- Value fair treatment of all people

- Study pictures showing examples of equity
- Discuss observations about equity and non-discrimination
- Read a story about equity and discuss its message
- Read a poem about non-discrimination and discuss its message
- Discuss benefits of equity and non-discrimination

How can we promote equity and non-discrimination in society?

Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 130-132
- Pictures showing equity
- Digital resources
- Reference materials
Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 132-134
- Poster materials

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Political Development and Governance

Human Rights - Valuing human rights
African Diasporas - Concept

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain ways to promote respect for human rights
- Identify actions that support human dignity
- Value the importance of human rights

- Research ways to promote respect for human rights
- Study a chart on promoting respect for human rights
- Discuss ways of promoting respect for human rights
- Organize a debate on "Value human rights for promotion of human dignity"
- Note down main points from the debate

How can we promote respect for human rights in our community?

Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 134-135
- Human rights documents
- Digital resources
- Reference materials
Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 138-139

- Observation - Debate assessment - Written assignments

Political Development and Governance

African Diasporas - Contributing factors
African Diasporas - Geographic locations

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Identify factors that contributed to African Diasporas
- Explain historical and modern diaspora movements
- Show interest in diaspora history

- Read articles about factors contributing to African Diasporas
- Identify factors that contributed to the presence of African Diasporas
- Study profiles of diaspora individuals
- Identify factors that led to their diaspora status
- Create a mind map of diaspora contributing factors

What factors led to the formation of African Diasporas?

Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 139-140
- Digital resources
- Reference materials
Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 140-141
- World maps
- Atlas

- Observation - Mind map assessment - Written assignments

Political Development and Governance

African Diasporas - Political development
African Diasporas - Promoting unity

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Assess the role of diasporas in political development in Africa
- Identify ways diasporas influence African politics
- Value diaspora contributions

- Research the role of African diasporas in political development in Africa
- Watch videos on diaspora contributions to African politics
- Debate on "African Diasporas have supported political development in Africa"
- Study a researcher's notes on diaspora contributions
- Create posters highlighting diaspora contributions

How have African Diasporas influenced political development in Africa?

Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 141-142
- Digital resources
- Reference materials
- Debate materials
Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 142-143
- Manila papers
- Art materials

- Observation - Debate assessment - Written assignments

Political Development and Governance

Citizenship - Interconnectedness
Citizenship - Globalization effects
Citizenship - Global citizen qualities
Citizenship - International contribution

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain interconnectedness among countries
- Identify ways countries connect and depend on each other
- Value global interconnectedness

- Study images showing connections between countries
- Identify how people in different countries are connected
- Discuss a billboard message about interconnectedness
- Read articles about connections between countries
- Create a mind map showing ways countries are interconnected

How do countries connect and depend on each other in the world today?

Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 144-145
- Digital resources
- Reference materials
Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 145-147
- Art materials
Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 147-149
- Poster materials
Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 149-151
- Creative materials

- Observation - Mind map assessment - Oral questions