Geometry

Geometrical Constructions - Construction of a regular triangle
Geometrical Constructions - Construction of a regular quadrilateral

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Construct a regular triangle
-Apply triangle construction in real-life situations
-Value the use of regular triangles

-Construct line PQ of required length
-Using P and Q as centers and radius equal to side length, construct two arcs intersecting at R
-Join P to R and Q to R
-Measure the angles to confirm they are all 60°

How do we construct regular polygons?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 112
-Pair of compasses
-Ruler
-Protractor
-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 113
-Set square

-Observation -Oral questions -Written assignments

Geometry

Geometrical Constructions - Construction of a regular pentagon
Geometrical Constructions - Construction of a regular hexagon

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Calculate interior angles of a regular pentagon
-Construct a regular pentagon
-Value the use of regular pentagons

-Find the size of each interior angle of the pentagon (108°)
-Draw line AB of required length
-Using B as center and radius equal to side length, locate C such that angle ABC is 108°
-Continue the process to locate D and E
-Join A to E to complete the pentagon

How are interior angles related to the number of sides?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 114
-Pair of compasses
-Ruler
-Protractor
-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 115

-Observation -Oral questions -Written assignments

Geometry

Geometrical Constructions - Construction of irregular polygons
Geometrical Constructions - Construction of circles passing through vertices

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Construct irregular polygons
-Apply irregular polygon construction in real-life situations
-Value the use of irregular polygons

-Given the measurements of sides and angles, draw the first side
-Use measurements to construct each subsequent side and angle
-Complete the polygon by joining the last vertex to the first
-Verify measurements of all sides and angles

How do we construct irregular polygons?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 117
-Pair of compasses
-Ruler
-Protractor
-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 123

-Observation -Oral questions -Written assignments

Geometry

Coordinates and Graphs - Drawing and labeling a Cartesian plane
Coordinates and Graphs - Identifying points on the Cartesian plane

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Draw a labelled Cartesian plane
-Identify different parts of the Cartesian plane
-Show interest in Cartesian planes

-Draw a horizontal x-axis and vertical y-axis
-Mark the origin where the axes intersect
-Use a scale to mark positive and negative values on both axes
-Label the axes and quadrants

How do we plot coordinates on a Cartesian plane?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 128
-Graph paper
-Ruler
-Digital resources
-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 129
-Cartesian plane charts

-Observation -Oral questions -Written assignments

Geometry

Coordinates and Graphs - Plotting points on the Cartesian plane
Coordinates and Graphs - Generating table of values for linear equations

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Plot points on the Cartesian plane
-Apply coordinate plotting in real-life situations
-Show interest in coordinate systems

-Draw a Cartesian plane with appropriate scale
-Given ordered pairs, locate the x-coordinate on the x-axis
-Locate the y-coordinate on the y-axis
-Mark the point where the vertical and horizontal lines from these coordinates meet

Why are coordinates important in real life?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 130
-Graph paper
-Ruler
-Digital resources
-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 131
-Exercise books
-Calculator

-Observation -Oral questions -Written assignments

Geometry

Coordinates and Graphs - Determining appropriate scale
Coordinates and Graphs - Drawing linear graphs (I)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Determine an appropriate scale for a linear equation
-Convert actual values to scale values
-Show interest in scale selection

-Analyze the range of x and y values in the table
-Choose a scale that allows all points to fit on the graph paper
-Convert actual values to appropriate scale values
-Discuss the importance of suitable scales

How do we choose an appropriate scale?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 133
-Graph paper
-Calculator
-Digital resources
-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 135
-Ruler
-Pencil

-Observation -Oral questions -Written assignments

Geometry

Coordinates and Graphs - Drawing linear graphs (II)
Coordinates and Graphs - Solving simultaneous equations graphically (I)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Draw linear graphs for different equations
-Identify key features of linear graphs
-Show interest in graphical representations

-Generate tables of values for different linear equations
-Plot the points on a Cartesian plane
-Draw the lines representing the equations
-Discuss the gradient and y-intercept of each line

How does changing the equation affect the graph?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 136
-Graph paper
-Ruler
-Digital resources
-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 137

-Observation -Oral questions -Written assignments

Geometry

Coordinates and Graphs - Solving simultaneous equations graphically (II)
Coordinates and Graphs - Applying simultaneous equations in real life (I)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Solve more complex simultaneous equations
-Determine accurate solutions from graphs
-Show interest in solution techniques

-Generate tables of values for equations with different forms
-Plot both equations on the same Cartesian plane
-Identify the point of intersection with precision
-Interpret the meaning of the solution

What are the advantages of graphical solutions?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 138
-Graph paper
-Ruler
-Calculator
-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 140
-Digital resources

-Observation -Oral questions -Written assignments

Geometry

Coordinates and Graphs - Applying simultaneous equations in real life (II)
Coordinates and Graphs - Solving practical problems using graphs

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Solve complex real-life problems using graphs
-Interpret solutions in context
-Show interest in practical applications

-Analyze complex word problems involving costs, quantities, etc.
-Form appropriate simultaneous equations
-Solve graphically and interpret the solution
-Discuss the practical implications of the solution

How can graphs help us make decisions?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 141
-Graph paper
-Calculator
-Digital resources
-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 142

-Observation -Oral questions -Written assignments

Geometry

Scale Drawing - Representing length to a given scale
Scale Drawing - Converting actual length to scale length

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Represent length to a given scale
-Select appropriate scales
-Show interest in scale representation

-Measure lengths of various objects in the environment
-Record measurements in a table
-Identify objects that can/cannot be drawn to actual size
-Use scales to represent lengths proportionally

How do we determine scales in real life?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 143
-Measuring tape/ruler
-Various objects
-Drawing materials
-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 145
-Calculator

-Observation -Oral questions -Written assignments

Geometry

Scale Drawing - Converting scale length to actual length
Scale Drawing - Interpreting linear scales in statement form

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Convert scale length to actual length
-Apply conversion in real-life situations
-Show interest in scale conversion

-Study scale drawings with given scales
-Measure scale lengths in the drawings
-Convert scale lengths to actual lengths
-Verify conversions by measuring actual objects

How do we determine actual sizes from scale drawings?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 147
-Scale drawings
-Ruler
-Calculator
-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 148
-Scale diagrams

-Observation -Oral questions -Written assignments

Geometry

Scale Drawing - Writing linear scales in statement form
Scale Drawing - Interpreting linear scales in ratio form

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Write linear scales in statement form
-Apply statement scales correctly
-Show interest in scale representation

-Study objects with given actual and scale measurements
-Calculate the relationship between actual and scale lengths
-Express the scale in statement form
-Determine actual and scale measurements of other objects using the scale

How do we create an appropriate scale statement?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 149
-Various objects
-Measuring tools
-Calculator
-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 150
-Scale diagrams
-Ruler

-Observation -Oral questions -Written assignments

Geometry

Scale Drawing - Writing linear scales in ratio form
Scale Drawing - Converting linear scale from statement to ratio form

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Write linear scales in ratio form
-Apply ratio scales correctly
-Show interest in scale representation

-Measure actual objects and their scale representations
-Convert measurements to the same units
-Express the relationship as a ratio in simplest form
-Use the ratio to make scale drawings of other objects

What information does a ratio scale provide?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 151
-Various objects
-Measuring tools
-Calculator
-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 152
-Maps with statement scales
-Digital resources

-Observation -Oral questions -Written assignments

Geometry

Scale Drawing - Converting linear scale from ratio to statement form
Scale Drawing - Making scale drawings (I)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Convert linear scales from ratio to statement form
-Apply conversion in real-life situations
-Show interest in different scale forms

-Study scales in ratio form (1:n)
-Determine what unit measurement the ratio represents
-Express the scale in statement form (1 cm represents x units)
-Verify that both forms represent the same scale

Why might we need to convert between scale forms?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 153
-Maps with ratio scales
-Calculator
-Digital resources
-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 155
-Drawing paper
-Ruler
-Various objects

-Observation -Oral questions -Written assignments

Geometry

Scale Drawing - Making scale drawings (II)
Scale Drawing - Solving problems using scale drawings

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Make more complex scale drawings
-Apply scale drawing principles
-Show interest in scale drawing applications

-Measure objects with irregular or complex shapes
-Choose suitable scales based on drawing space and object size
-Convert actual measurements to scale lengths
-Create detailed and accurate scale drawings

How do professionals use scale drawings?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 156
-Drawing paper
-Ruler
-Protractor
-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 157
-Scale drawings
-Calculator

-Observation -Oral questions -Written assignments

Geometry

Scale Drawing - Applications of scale drawings

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Apply scale drawings in various contexts
-Appreciate real-world applications
-Show interest in practical uses of scale drawings

-Explore applications in architecture, engineering, cartography, etc.
-Examine scale drawings from different fields
-Discuss the importance of scale in different professions
-Create scale drawings for practical purposes

How do different professions use scale drawings?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 157
-Maps
-Blueprint samples
-Digital resources

-Observation -Oral questions -Written assignments

Geometry

Common Solids - Identification of common solids
Common Solids - Characteristics of common solids

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Identify common solids from the environment
-Classify solids based on properties
-Show interest in geometric solids

-Collect solids of different shapes from the environment
-Group them according to their shapes
-Count the number of faces, edges, and vertices in each solid
-Classify solids as polyhedra or non-polyhedra

What are common solids?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 158
-Common solid objects
-Digital resources
-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 160
-Solid models

-Observation -Oral questions -Written assignments

Geometry

Common Solids - Nets of cube and cuboid
Common Solids - Nets of pyramids

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Sketch nets of cubes and cuboids
-Understand the relationship between nets and solids
-Show interest in nets of solids

-Use boxes with open tops for the activity
-Cut along edges and spread out the faces
-Sketch the shape of the spread faces
-Identify different possible nets for the same solid

How do we use common solids in real life?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 161
-Cardboard boxes
-Scissors
-Drawing materials
-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 163
-Pyramid models

-Observation -Oral questions -Written assignments

Geometry

Common Solids - Nets of cylinders
Common Solids - Nets of cones

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Sketch nets of cylinders
-Understand the components of cylinders
-Show interest in cylinder properties

-Examine cylindrical objects
-Identify the components (circular bases and curved surface)
-Draw the net showing the rectangular curved surface and circular bases
-Calculate dimensions of the rectangular part from the cylinder's radius and height

How does a cylinder's net relate to its dimensions?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 164
-Cylindrical objects
-Ruler
-Drawing materials
-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 166
-Conical objects
-Compass

-Observation -Oral questions -Written assignments

Geometry

Common Solids - Surface area of cubes
Common Solids - Surface area of cuboids

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Work out surface area of cubes from nets
-Apply the formula for cube surface area
-Show interest in surface area calculations

-Draw nets of cubes with given dimensions
-Calculate the area of each face (all squares of same size)
-Find the sum of areas of all faces
-Derive and apply the formula: SA = 6a²

How do we calculate the surface area of a cube?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 166
-Cube models
-Calculator
-Drawing materials
-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 168
-Cuboid models

-Observation -Oral questions -Written assignments

Geometry

Common Solids - Surface area of cylinders
Common Solids - Surface area of triangular prisms

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Work out surface area of cylinders from nets
-Apply the formula for cylinder surface area
-Show interest in cylinder properties

-Draw nets of cylinders with given dimensions
-Calculate the area of the circular bases and rectangular curved surface
-Find the sum of areas of all faces
-Derive and apply the formula: SA = 2πr² + 2πrh

How do we calculate the surface area of a cylinder?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 170
-Cylinder models
-Calculator
-Drawing materials
-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 171
-Triangular prism models

-Observation -Oral questions -Written assignments

Geometry

Common Solids - Distance between points on solid surfaces
Common Solids - More on distance between points

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Determine the distance between points on solid surfaces
-Apply shortest path principles
-Show interest in practical applications

-Draw nets of solids with marked points
-Trace the path between points on the net
-Measure the shortest distance between points
-Verify using the solid model

How do we find distances on solid surfaces?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 172
-Solid models
-Ruler
-String
-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 174
-Calculator

-Observation -Oral questions -Written assignments

Geometry

Common Solids - Making models of hollow solids
Common Solids - Making skeleton models

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Make models of hollow solids
-Apply knowledge of nets
-Show interest in model making

-Draw nets of solids on paper or cardboard
-Cut out the nets along outlines
-Fold along internal lines
-Use glue or tape to join edges
-Create hollow models of various solids

How do architects and designers use geometric models?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 175
-Paper/cardboard
-Scissors
-Glue/tape
-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 176
-Straws/wires
-Clay/adhesive

-Observation -Oral questions -Model creation

Geometry

Common Solids - Making compact solid models
Common Solids - Applications of solids

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Make compact solid models
-Apply geometric knowledge
-Show interest in solid models

-Use plasticine, clay, or other moldable materials
-Create models of various solids
-Use hollow models as molds for compact models
-Compare different types of models

How do we use common solids in real life?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 177
-Clay/plasticine
-Containers
-Tools for molding
-Sample objects
-Digital resources
-Models

-Observation -Oral questions -Model creation

Data Handling and Probability

Data Presentation and Interpretation - Drawing bar graphs
Data Presentation and Interpretation - Interpreting bar graphs

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Draw bar graphs of data from real-life situations
-Apply appropriate scales in drawing graphs
-Show interest in bar graphs

-Collect data on birth months of class members
-Record data in a table
-Choose a suitable scale for the graph
-Draw bar graphs to represent the data
-Compare graphs with other groups

What are the different ways of representing data?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 178
-Graph paper
-Ruler
-Colored pencils
-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 180
-Bar graph charts
-Digital resources

-Observation -Oral questions -Written assignments

Data Handling and Probability

Data Presentation and Interpretation - Drawing line graphs
Data Presentation and Interpretation - Interpreting line graphs

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Draw line graphs of given data from real-life situations
-Apply appropriate scales in line graphs
-Show interest in line graph representation

-Collect data on temperature at different times of day
-Record data in a table
-Choose a suitable scale for axes
-Plot points accurately
-Join points with straight lines to create a line graph

How do we represent continuous data?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 183
-Graph paper
-Ruler
-Colored pencils
-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 185
-Line graph charts
-Digital resources

-Observation -Oral questions -Written assignments

Data Handling and Probability

Data Presentation and Interpretation - Identifying the mode
Data Presentation and Interpretation - Mode of grouped data

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Identify the mode of a set of discrete data
-Apply mode in analyzing data sets
-Show interest in measures of central tendency

-Study data sets of shoe sizes, test scores, etc.
-Identify the numbers in the list without repetition
-Count frequency of each value
-Identify the value with highest frequency (mode)

What is the mode and how is it useful?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 187
-Data sets
-Calculator
-Digital resources
-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 190

-Observation -Oral questions -Written assignments

Data Handling and Probability

Data Presentation and Interpretation - Calculating the mean
Data Presentation and Interpretation - Mean of grouped data

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Calculate the mean of a set of discrete data
-Apply mean in analyzing data sets
-Show interest in measures of central tendency

-Study data sets of ages, scores, etc.
-Find the sum of all values in the data set
-Divide the sum by the number of items
-Compare means of different data sets

What does the mean tell us about a data set?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 192
-Data sets
-Calculator
-Digital resources
-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 193

-Observation -Oral questions -Written assignments

Data Handling and Probability

Data Presentation and Interpretation - Determining the median
Data Presentation and Interpretation - Applications of measures of central tendency

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Determine the median of a set of discrete data
-Apply median in analyzing data sets
-Show interest in measures of central tendency

-Study data sets of ages, scores, etc.
-Arrange data in ascending order
-Identify the middle value for odd number of items
-Calculate average of two middle values for even number of items

What is the median and when is it useful?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 195
-Data sets
-Calculator
-Digital resources
-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 196
-Real-life data sets

-Observation -Oral questions -Written assignments

Data Handling and Probability

Probability - Identifying events involving chance
Probability - Performing chance experiments

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Identify events involving chance in real-life situations
-Classify events based on likelihood
-Show interest in probability concepts

-Classify events as likely, unlikely, must happen, or cannot happen
-Discuss examples from daily life
-Compare classifications with other groups
-Recognize events that involve chance

When do we consider chances that an event is likely to happen?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 197
-Event cards
-Digital resources
-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 198
-Coins
-Dice
-Spinner wheels

-Observation -Oral questions -Written assignments

Data Handling and Probability

Probability - Writing experimental probability outcomes
Probability - Expressing probability outcomes in fractions

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Write the experimental probability outcomes
-Record frequency of different outcomes
-Show interest in experimental probability

-Toss a fair dice multiple times
-Record the outcomes in a frequency table
-Calculate relative frequency of each outcome
-Compare experimental results with theoretical expectations

Why is probability important in real life situations?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 199
-Dice
-Cards
-Tally charts
-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 200
-Coins
-Recording sheets

-Observation -Oral questions -Written assignments

Data Handling and Probability

Probability - Expressing probability in decimals
Probability - Expressing probability in percentages

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Express probability outcomes in decimals
-Convert between fractions and decimals in probability
-Show interest in decimal representation

-Conduct experiments with cards, spinners, etc.
-Express probability outcomes as fractions
-Convert fractions to decimals
-Compare decimal representations of different events

What does a decimal probability value tell us?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 202
-Cards
-Spinner wheels
-Calculator
-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 203
-Dice

-Observation -Oral questions -Written assignments

Data Handling and Probability

Probability - Applications in real life

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Apply probability concepts in real-life situations
-Solve problems involving probability
-Value the importance of probability in decision-making

-Discuss real-life applications of probability
-Analyze situations involving chance
-Calculate probability in various contexts
-Use probability to make predictions

How is probability used in everyday life?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 204
-Real-life scenarios
-Digital resources
-Calculator

-Observation -Oral questions -Written assignments