Geometry

Coordinates and Graphs - Drawing and labeling a Cartesian plane
Coordinates and Graphs - Identifying points on the Cartesian plane

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Draw a labelled Cartesian plane
-Identify different parts of the Cartesian plane
-Show interest in Cartesian planes

-Draw a horizontal x-axis and vertical y-axis
-Mark the origin where the axes intersect
-Use a scale to mark positive and negative values on both axes
-Label the axes and quadrants

How do we plot coordinates on a Cartesian plane?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 128
-Graph paper
-Ruler
-Digital resources
-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 129
-Cartesian plane charts

-Observation -Oral questions -Written assignments

Geometry

Coordinates and Graphs - Plotting points on the Cartesian plane

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Plot points on the Cartesian plane
-Apply coordinate plotting in real-life situations
-Show interest in coordinate systems

-Draw a Cartesian plane with appropriate scale
-Given ordered pairs, locate the x-coordinate on the x-axis
-Locate the y-coordinate on the y-axis
-Mark the point where the vertical and horizontal lines from these coordinates meet

Why are coordinates important in real life?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 130
-Graph paper
-Ruler
-Digital resources

-Observation -Oral questions -Written assignments

Geometry

Coordinates and Graphs - Generating table of values for linear equations
Coordinates and Graphs - Determining appropriate scale

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Generate table of values for a linear equation
-Substitute values in equations
-Value the relationship between variables

-Given linear equations, select appropriate x-values
-Substitute each x-value into the equation to find corresponding y-value
-Record the ordered pairs in a table
-Verify that the pairs satisfy the original equation

Where do we use linear graphs in real life?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 131
-Exercise books
-Calculator
-Digital resources
-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 133
-Graph paper

-Observation -Oral questions -Written tests

Geometry

Coordinates and Graphs - Drawing linear graphs (I)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Draw a linear graph from table of values
-Plot points accurately
-Value the use of linear graphs

-Draw a Cartesian plane with an appropriate scale
-Plot the points from the table of values
-Join the points with a straight line using a ruler
-Verify that the line passes through all the plotted points

What information can we derive from linear graphs?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 135
-Graph paper
-Ruler
-Pencil

-Observation -Oral questions -Written tests

Geometry

Coordinates and Graphs - Drawing linear graphs (II)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Draw linear graphs for different equations
-Identify key features of linear graphs
-Show interest in graphical representations

-Generate tables of values for different linear equations
-Plot the points on a Cartesian plane
-Draw the lines representing the equations
-Discuss the gradient and y-intercept of each line

How does changing the equation affect the graph?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 136
-Graph paper
-Ruler
-Digital resources

-Observation -Oral questions -Written assignments

Geometry

Coordinates and Graphs - Solving simultaneous equations graphically (I)
Coordinates and Graphs - Solving simultaneous equations graphically (II)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Solve simultaneous equations graphically
-Identify the point of intersection
-Value graphical solutions

-Generate tables of values for two linear equations
-Plot both equations on the same Cartesian plane
-Identify the point of intersection
-Verify that the coordinates satisfy both equations

How can we solve equations using graphs?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 137
-Graph paper
-Ruler
-Digital resources
-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 138
-Calculator

-Observation -Oral questions -Written tests

Geometry

Coordinates and Graphs - Applying simultaneous equations in real life (I)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Apply simultaneous equations in real-life problems
-Form equations from word problems
-Value real-life applications

-Translate word problems into linear equations
-Generate tables of values for the equations
-Draw the graphs and find the point of intersection
-Interpret the solution in the context of the problem

Where do we use simultaneous equations in real life?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 140
-Graph paper
-Calculator
-Digital resources

-Observation -Oral questions -Written tests

Geometry

Coordinates and Graphs - Applying simultaneous equations in real life (II)
Coordinates and Graphs - Solving practical problems using graphs

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Solve complex real-life problems using graphs
-Interpret solutions in context
-Show interest in practical applications

-Analyze complex word problems involving costs, quantities, etc.
-Form appropriate simultaneous equations
-Solve graphically and interpret the solution
-Discuss the practical implications of the solution

How can graphs help us make decisions?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 141
-Graph paper
-Calculator
-Digital resources
-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 142

-Observation -Oral questions -Written assignments

Geometry

Scale Drawing - Representing length to a given scale

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Represent length to a given scale
-Select appropriate scales
-Show interest in scale representation

-Measure lengths of various objects in the environment
-Record measurements in a table
-Identify objects that can/cannot be drawn to actual size
-Use scales to represent lengths proportionally

How do we determine scales in real life?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 143
-Measuring tape/ruler
-Various objects
-Drawing materials

-Observation -Oral questions -Written assignments

Geometry

Scale Drawing - Converting actual length to scale length
Scale Drawing - Converting scale length to actual length

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Convert actual length to scale length
-Apply conversion in real-life situations
-Value the importance of scale conversion

-Measure lengths of objects like classrooms, tables, etc.
-Convert actual measurements to scale lengths using different scales
-Draw the objects using scale lengths
-Compare drawings made with different scales

Where do we use scale drawing in real life situations?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 145
-Measuring tape/ruler
-Calculator
-Drawing materials
-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 147
-Scale drawings
-Ruler

-Observation -Oral questions -Written tests

Geometry

Scale Drawing - Interpreting linear scales in statement form

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Interpret linear scales in statement form
-Understand statement scales
-Value the use of statement scales

-Analyze diagrams with given actual and scale lengths
-Determine the relationship between actual and scale lengths
-Express the scale in statement form: "1 cm represents x units"
-Apply the scale to find other measurements

What does a scale statement tell us?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 148
-Scale diagrams
-Ruler
-Calculator

-Observation -Oral questions -Written tests

Geometry

Scale Drawing - Writing linear scales in statement form
Scale Drawing - Interpreting linear scales in ratio form

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Write linear scales in statement form
-Apply statement scales correctly
-Show interest in scale representation

-Study objects with given actual and scale measurements
-Calculate the relationship between actual and scale lengths
-Express the scale in statement form
-Determine actual and scale measurements of other objects using the scale

How do we create an appropriate scale statement?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 149
-Various objects
-Measuring tools
-Calculator
-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 150
-Scale diagrams
-Ruler

-Observation -Oral questions -Written assignments

Geometry

Scale Drawing - Writing linear scales in ratio form

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Write linear scales in ratio form
-Apply ratio scales correctly
-Show interest in scale representation

-Measure actual objects and their scale representations
-Convert measurements to the same units
-Express the relationship as a ratio in simplest form
-Use the ratio to make scale drawings of other objects

What information does a ratio scale provide?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 151
-Various objects
-Measuring tools
-Calculator

-Observation -Oral questions -Written assignments

Geometry

Scale Drawing - Converting linear scale from statement to ratio form
Scale Drawing - Converting linear scale from ratio to statement form

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Convert linear scales from statement to ratio form
-Apply conversion in real-life situations
-Value different forms of scale representation

-Study scales in statement form (1 cm represents x units)
-Convert all measurements to the same units
-Express the relationship as a ratio in the form 1:n
-Verify that both forms represent the same scale

How are statement and ratio scales related?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 152
-Maps with statement scales
-Calculator
-Digital resources
-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 153
-Maps with ratio scales

-Observation -Oral questions -Written tests

Geometry

Scale Drawing - Making scale drawings (I)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Make scale drawings using given scales
-Apply scale drawing techniques
-Value the importance of accuracy in scale drawings

-Measure objects with regular shapes (rectangles, squares)
-Select appropriate scales for drawings
-Convert actual measurements to scale lengths
-Make accurate scale drawings

How do we create accurate scale drawings?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 155
-Drawing paper
-Ruler
-Various objects

-Observation -Oral questions -Written tests

Geometry

Scale Drawing - Making scale drawings (II)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Make more complex scale drawings
-Apply scale drawing principles
-Show interest in scale drawing applications

-Measure objects with irregular or complex shapes
-Choose suitable scales based on drawing space and object size
-Convert actual measurements to scale lengths
-Create detailed and accurate scale drawings

How do professionals use scale drawings?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 156
-Drawing paper
-Ruler
-Protractor

-Observation -Oral questions -Written assignments

Geometry

Scale Drawing - Solving problems using scale drawings
Scale Drawing - Applications of scale drawings

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Solve problems using scale drawings
-Determine unknown measurements
-Value practical applications of scale drawings

-Study scale drawings with given scales
-Measure parts of the scale drawing
-Convert scale measurements to actual measurements
-Determine unknown dimensions of actual objects

Where do we use scale drawing in real life situations?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 157
-Scale drawings
-Ruler
-Calculator
-Maps
-Blueprint samples
-Digital resources

-Observation -Oral questions -Written tests

Geometry

Common Solids - Identification of common solids

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Identify common solids from the environment
-Classify solids based on properties
-Show interest in geometric solids

-Collect solids of different shapes from the environment
-Group them according to their shapes
-Count the number of faces, edges, and vertices in each solid
-Classify solids as polyhedra or non-polyhedra

What are common solids?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 158
-Common solid objects
-Digital resources

-Observation -Oral questions -Written assignments

Geometry

Common Solids - Characteristics of common solids
Common Solids - Nets of cube and cuboid

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Describe characteristics of common solids
-Differentiate between types of solids
-Value the properties of geometric solids

-Examine various solids: cubes, cuboids, prisms, pyramids, etc.
-Identify and count faces, edges, and vertices
-Determine the shapes of faces (triangular, rectangular, etc.)
-Classify solids based on their properties

What features define different types of solids?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 160
-Solid models
-Digital resources
-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 161
-Cardboard boxes
-Scissors
-Drawing materials

-Observation -Oral questions -Written tests

Geometry

Common Solids - Nets of pyramids

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Sketch nets of pyramids
-Understand the components of pyramids
-Value the relationship between nets and solids

-Study pyramids with different base shapes
-Cut pyramids along edges to create nets
-Identify the shapes of faces in the nets
-Draw nets of pyramids with given dimensions

How do nets help us understand solids?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 163
-Pyramid models
-Scissors
-Drawing materials

-Observation -Oral questions -Written tests

Geometry

Common Solids - Nets of cylinders
Common Solids - Nets of cones

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Sketch nets of cylinders
-Understand the components of cylinders
-Show interest in cylinder properties

-Examine cylindrical objects
-Identify the components (circular bases and curved surface)
-Draw the net showing the rectangular curved surface and circular bases
-Calculate dimensions of the rectangular part from the cylinder's radius and height

How does a cylinder's net relate to its dimensions?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 164
-Cylindrical objects
-Ruler
-Drawing materials
-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 166
-Conical objects
-Compass

-Observation -Oral questions -Written assignments

Geometry

Common Solids - Surface area of cubes

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Work out surface area of cubes from nets
-Apply the formula for cube surface area
-Show interest in surface area calculations

-Draw nets of cubes with given dimensions
-Calculate the area of each face (all squares of same size)
-Find the sum of areas of all faces
-Derive and apply the formula: SA = 6a²

How do we calculate the surface area of a cube?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 166
-Cube models
-Calculator
-Drawing materials

-Observation -Oral questions -Written assignments

Geometry

Common Solids - Surface area of cuboids
Common Solids - Surface area of cylinders

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Work out surface area of cuboids from nets
-Apply the formula for cuboid surface area
-Value surface area applications

-Draw nets of cuboids with given dimensions
-Calculate the area of each rectangular face
-Find the sum of areas of all faces
-Derive and apply the formula: SA = 2(lb + lh + bh)

What's the relationship between dimensions and surface area?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 168
-Cuboid models
-Calculator
-Drawing materials
-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 170
-Cylinder models

-Observation -Oral questions -Written tests

Geometry

Common Solids - Surface area of triangular prisms

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Work out surface area of triangular prisms
-Apply appropriate formulas
-Value the properties of prisms

-Draw nets of triangular prisms with given dimensions
-Calculate the area of the triangular bases
-Calculate the area of the rectangular lateral faces
-Find the sum of areas of all faces

What factors affect a prism's surface area?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 171
-Triangular prism models
-Calculator
-Drawing materials

-Observation -Oral questions -Written tests

Geometry

Common Solids - Distance between points on solid surfaces

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Determine the distance between points on solid surfaces
-Apply shortest path principles
-Show interest in practical applications

-Draw nets of solids with marked points
-Trace the path between points on the net
-Measure the shortest distance between points
-Verify using the solid model

How do we find distances on solid surfaces?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 172
-Solid models
-Ruler
-String

-Observation -Oral questions -Written assignments

Geometry

Common Solids - More on distance between points
Common Solids - Making models of hollow solids

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Solve complex problems involving distance on solid surfaces
-Apply problem-solving strategies
-Value geometric reasoning

-Study complex paths between points on different faces
-Draw nets showing the points and the path between them
-Calculate distances on different parts of the path
-Find the total distance of the path

How do we determine the shortest path between points?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 174
-Solid models
-String
-Calculator
-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 175
-Paper/cardboard
-Scissors
-Glue/tape

-Observation -Oral questions -Written tests

Geometry

Common Solids - Making skeleton models

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Make skeleton models of solids
-Understand edges and vertices
-Value different model types

-Use straws or wires to represent edges
-Use clay or adhesive to connect at vertices
-Create skeleton models of cubes, prisms, pyramids, etc.
-Compare skeleton and hollow models

What insights do skeleton models provide?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 176
-Straws/wires
-Clay/adhesive
-Scissors

-Observation -Oral questions -Model creation

Geometry

Common Solids - Making compact solid models
Common Solids - Applications of solids

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Make compact solid models
-Apply geometric knowledge
-Show interest in solid models

-Use plasticine, clay, or other moldable materials
-Create models of various solids
-Use hollow models as molds for compact models
-Compare different types of models

How do we use common solids in real life?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 177
-Clay/plasticine
-Containers
-Tools for molding
-Sample objects
-Digital resources
-Models

-Observation -Oral questions -Model creation

Data Handling and Probability

Data Presentation and Interpretation - Drawing bar graphs

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Draw bar graphs of data from real-life situations
-Apply appropriate scales in drawing graphs
-Show interest in bar graphs

-Collect data on birth months of class members
-Record data in a table
-Choose a suitable scale for the graph
-Draw bar graphs to represent the data
-Compare graphs with other groups

What are the different ways of representing data?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 178
-Graph paper
-Ruler
-Colored pencils

-Observation -Oral questions -Written assignments

Data Handling and Probability

Data Presentation and Interpretation - Interpreting bar graphs
Data Presentation and Interpretation - Drawing line graphs

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Interpret bar graphs of data from real-life situations
-Extract information from bar graphs
-Value the importance of data interpretation

-Study bar graphs representing various data sets
-Identify highest and lowest values
-Calculate differences between values
-Answer questions based on information in the graphs

How do we interpret information from bar graphs?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 180
-Bar graph charts
-Digital resources
-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 183
-Graph paper
-Ruler
-Colored pencils

-Observation -Oral questions -Written tests

Data Handling and Probability

Data Presentation and Interpretation - Interpreting line graphs

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Interpret line graphs of data from real-life situations
-Extract information from line graphs
-Value the use of line graphs in data analysis

-Study line graphs showing journeys, prices, etc.
-Identify trends, highest and lowest points
-Calculate changes between points
-Answer questions based on information in the graphs

How do we determine the mean of data?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 185
-Line graph charts
-Digital resources

-Observation -Oral questions -Written tests

Data Handling and Probability

Data Presentation and Interpretation - Identifying the mode
Data Presentation and Interpretation - Mode of grouped data

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Identify the mode of a set of discrete data
-Apply mode in analyzing data sets
-Show interest in measures of central tendency

-Study data sets of shoe sizes, test scores, etc.
-Identify the numbers in the list without repetition
-Count frequency of each value
-Identify the value with highest frequency (mode)

What is the mode and how is it useful?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 187
-Data sets
-Calculator
-Digital resources
-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 190

-Observation -Oral questions -Written assignments

Data Handling and Probability

Data Presentation and Interpretation - Calculating the mean

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Calculate the mean of a set of discrete data
-Apply mean in analyzing data sets
-Show interest in measures of central tendency

-Study data sets of ages, scores, etc.
-Find the sum of all values in the data set
-Divide the sum by the number of items
-Compare means of different data sets

What does the mean tell us about a data set?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 192
-Data sets
-Calculator
-Digital resources

-Observation -Oral questions -Written assignments

Data Handling and Probability

Data Presentation and Interpretation - Mean of grouped data
Data Presentation and Interpretation - Determining the median

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Calculate the mean of grouped data
-Apply frequency tables in mean calculation
-Value the mean as a measure of central tendency

-Create frequency tables for data sets
-Multiply each value by its frequency
-Find the sum of products
-Divide by the total frequency (number of items)

How do we calculate the mean of large data sets?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 193
-Data sets
-Calculator
-Digital resources
-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 195

-Observation -Oral questions -Written tests

Data Handling and Probability

Data Presentation and Interpretation - Applications of measures of central tendency

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Apply mean, median and mode in real-life contexts
-Compare different measures of central tendency
-Value data analysis in decision-making

-Apply all three measures (mean, median, mode) to data sets
-Compare the results and identify differences
-Discuss when each measure is most appropriate
-Analyze real-life data using appropriate measures

How do we choose the right measure of central tendency?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 196
-Real-life data sets
-Calculator
-Digital resources

-Observation -Oral questions -Written tests

Data Handling and Probability

Probability - Identifying events involving chance

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Identify events involving chance in real-life situations
-Classify events based on likelihood
-Show interest in probability concepts

-Classify events as likely, unlikely, must happen, or cannot happen
-Discuss examples from daily life
-Compare classifications with other groups
-Recognize events that involve chance

When do we consider chances that an event is likely to happen?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 197
-Event cards
-Digital resources

-Observation -Oral questions -Written assignments

Data Handling and Probability

Probability - Performing chance experiments
Probability - Writing experimental probability outcomes

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Perform chance experiments in different situations
-Record outcomes of chance experiments
-Value experimental approaches to probability

-Flip coins and record heads or tails outcomes
-Toss dice and record number outcomes
-Discuss possible outcomes of each experiment
-Conduct multiple trials and record results

What factors affect probability outcomes?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 198
-Coins
-Dice
-Spinner wheels
-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 199
-Cards
-Tally charts

-Observation -Oral questions -Written tests

Data Handling and Probability

Probability - Expressing probability outcomes in fractions

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Express probability outcomes in fractions
-Calculate probability as a ratio of favorable outcomes
-Value fractional representation of probability

-Flip coins multiple times and record outcomes
-Count frequency of each outcome (heads/tails)
-Express results as fractions of total trials
-Compare experimental results with theoretical probability

How do we calculate probability as a fraction?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 200
-Coins
-Cards
-Recording sheets

-Observation -Oral questions -Written tests

Data Handling and Probability

Probability - Expressing probability in decimals
Probability - Expressing probability in percentages

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Express probability outcomes in decimals
-Convert between fractions and decimals in probability
-Show interest in decimal representation

-Conduct experiments with cards, spinners, etc.
-Express probability outcomes as fractions
-Convert fractions to decimals
-Compare decimal representations of different events

What does a decimal probability value tell us?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 202
-Cards
-Spinner wheels
-Calculator
-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 203
-Dice

-Observation -Oral questions -Written assignments

Data Handling and Probability

Probability - Applications in real life

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Apply probability concepts in real-life situations
-Solve problems involving probability
-Value the importance of probability in decision-making

-Discuss real-life applications of probability
-Analyze situations involving chance
-Calculate probability in various contexts
-Use probability to make predictions

How is probability used in everyday life?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 204
-Real-life scenarios
-Digital resources
-Calculator

-Observation -Oral questions -Written assignments