Agroforestry

Definition and Forms of Agroforestry

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define agroforestry. Distinguish between agrosilviculture, silvopastoral and agrosilvopastoral systems. Explain how agroforestry increases farm productivity.

Q/A on tree planting on farms. Teacher explains agroforestry definition and three forms with their applications. Students identify local examples and discuss changing land use patterns in Kenya.

Charts showing agroforestry systems, local examples

KLB Secondary Agriculture Form 4, Pages 152-153

Agroforestry

Importance of Agroforestry
Tree Selection Criteria

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain how agroforestry provides remedy to deforestation. Analyze agroforestry as source of income. Evaluate environmental benefits of agroforestry.
Identify four growing habits required for agroforestry trees. Evaluate fast growing and deep rooted tree species. Assess nitrogen fixing capacity of leguminous trees.

Study five importance areas: fuel wood provision, income generation from various products, environmental protection, labour savings for women, aesthetic improvements. Discussion on Kenya's fuel wood shortage problems.
Study tree characteristics: fast growth, deep roots for reduced competition, nitrogen fixation, good by-products. Examine trees to avoid at specific sites and reasons.

Agroforestry products samples, environmental conservation materials
Tree species samples, characteristic comparison charts

KLB Secondary Agriculture Form 4, Page 153
KLB Secondary Agriculture Form 4, Pages 153-154

Agroforestry

Nursery Types and Seed Sources

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Compare direct and containerised nurseries. Evaluate seed sources and quality requirements. Outline nursery site selection factors.

Study nursery types: direct versus containerised systems. Examine seed collection from government sources or mature trees, emphasizing quality requirements.

Sample containers, polythene bags, seed types

KLB Secondary Agriculture Form 4, Pages 154-155

Agroforestry

Seed Treatment Methods

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain purposes of seed treatment. Demonstrate hot water treatment method. Apply mechanical breaking and light burning techniques.

Study seed treatment methods: hot water treatment at 80°C, mechanical breaking for croton seeds, light burning for wattle seeds. Practice dormancy breaking techniques.

Hot water setup, thermometer, sample seeds, filing tools

KLB Secondary Agriculture Form 4, Pages 155-156

Agroforestry

Nursery Management
Tree Protection and Maintenance

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Apply mulching and watering techniques. Demonstrate root pruning using Figure 7.1. Execute transplanting using Figure 7.3 methodology.
Design protection systems for young trees. Execute pruning techniques. Perform side grafting using Figure 7.6 method.

Practice nine management activities: mulching, watering schedules, weed control, pricking out, root pruning, shading, pest control, hardening off, transplanting procedure.
Study protection methods from Figure 7.5 for one-year period. Practice pruning for fuel wood and shaping. Demonstrate side grafting technique ensuring compatibility.

Figures 7.1-7.3 from textbook, watering equipment, mulching materials
Figure 7.5-7.6 from textbook, protection materials, grafting tools

KLB Secondary Agriculture Form 4, Pages 156-158
KLB Secondary Agriculture Form 4, Pages 158-159

Agroforestry

Alley Cropping and Multi-storey Systems

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Implement alley cropping with proper spacing. Execute regular cutting and mulching procedures. Establish multi-storey cropping with correct orientation.

Practice alley cropping using Figure 7.7 with Leucaena and Calliandra. Establish multi-storey system using Figure 7.8 with 8-20 metre spacing and east-west orientation.

Figures 7.7-7.8 from textbook, measuring equipment, spacing materials

KLB Secondary Agriculture Form 4, Pages 159-161

Agroforestry

Woodlots and Strategic Tree Placement

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Establish woodlots on appropriate sites. Position trees on boundaries for multiple functions. Plan tree placement for conservation purposes.

Study woodlots establishment using Figure 7.9. Practice site selection for boundaries, river banks, terraces, slopes over 55%, and homestead considering safety distances.

Figure 7.9-7.10 from textbook, site evaluation materials

KLB Secondary Agriculture Form 4, Pages 161-162

Agroforestry

Tree Harvesting Techniques

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Execute pruning and lopping methods. Perform pollarding at appropriate heights. Implement coppicing and thinning operations.

Practice five harvesting methods: pruning, lopping for fodder, pollarding using suitable species, coppicing at 30cm height, thinning for woodlot management.

Figures 7.11-7.15 from textbook, harvesting tools

KLB Secondary Agriculture Form 4, Pages 162-166

Agroforestry

Tree Harvesting Techniques

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Execute pruning and lopping methods. Perform pollarding at appropriate heights. Implement coppicing and thinning operations.

Practice five harvesting methods: pruning, lopping for fodder, pollarding using suitable species, coppicing at 30cm height, thinning for woodlot management.

Figures 7.11-7.15 from textbook, harvesting tools

KLB Secondary Agriculture Form 4, Pages 162-166

REVISION

Paper 1 Revision

Short Answer & Definition Questions (Section A)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Revise key definitions and facts - Improve accuracy in short answers - Practice time management

- Class quiz on common terms - Group revision of Section A topics (e.g., soil, crops, farm records) - Peer marking using marking schemes

Past Paper 1 exams, marking schemes

Agriculture Paper 1, KLB Bk 4, Bluebook

Paper 1 Revision

Application & Explanation Questions

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Apply agricultural knowledge to real farming situations
- Develop clear, logical explanations

- Teacher demonstrates how to answer explanation questions.
- Students answer questions on factors, reasons, and effects
- Class discussion and corrections

Past Paper 1 exams, topic summaries, marking schemes

Agriculture KLB Paper 1, KLB Bk 1-4
Students notes

Paper 1 Revision

Diagram-Based & Interpretation Questions (Section B)
Long Structured Questions (Section C)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Interpret agricultural diagrams
- Answer questions based on illustrations accurately
- Develop essay-style answers in structured format
- Organize points logically under subheadings - Practice time-bound responses

- Identify and label diagrams
- Analyze diagrams
- Group work with feedback
- Brainstorm key points for common topics as guided by the teacher
- Group discussion
- Peer review and teacher marking

Diagrams, past papers, projectors,
Marking scheme
Sample answers, past papers, marking schemes

Agriculture Paper 1 KLB Bk 1-4
Agriculture Paper 1 , KLB Bk 1-4

Paper 2 Revision

Short Answer & definations (Section A)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Recall key facts on livestock, tools, and systems - Master correct definations - Improve speed and accuracy

- Group discussion as guided by teacher.
- Class discussion and corrections

Paper 2 exams, marking schemes

Agriculture Paper 2, KLB Bk 1- 4

Paper 2 Revision

Diagram-Based & Practical Questions (Section B)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Interpret agricultural diagrams
- Answer questions based on illustrations accurately

- Identify and label diagrams
- Analyze diagrams
- Group work with feedback

photos, diagrams, past papers, projectors

Agriculture Paper 2 KLB Bk 1-4

Paper 2 Revision
Paper 1 Revision

Long Structured Questions (Section C)
Short Answer & Definition Questions (Section A)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Develop essay-style answers in structured format
- Organize points logically
- Practice time-bound responses
- Revise key definitions and facts - Improve accuracy in short answers - Practice time management

- Brainstorm key points for common topics as guided by the teacher
- Group discussion
- Peer review and teacher marking
- Class quiz on common terms - Group revision of Section A topics (e.g., soil, crops, farm records) - Peer marking using marking schemes

Sample answers, past papers, marking schemes
Past Paper 1 exams, marking schemes

Agriculture Paper 1 , KLB Bk 1-4
Agriculture Paper 1, KLB Bk 4, Bluebook

Paper 1 Revision

Application & Explanation Questions

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Apply agricultural knowledge to real farming situations
- Develop clear, logical explanations

- Teacher demonstrates how to answer explanation questions.
- Students answer questions on factors, reasons, and effects
- Class discussion and corrections

Past Paper 1 exams, topic summaries, marking schemes

Agriculture KLB Paper 1, KLB Bk 1-4
Students notes