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| WK | LSN | TOPIC | SUB-TOPIC | OBJECTIVES | T/L ACTIVITIES | T/L AIDS | REFERENCE | REMARKS |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2 | 1 |
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY II
|
Introduction to Alkanols and Nomenclature
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Define alkanols and identify functional group - Apply nomenclature rules for alkanols - Draw structural formulae of simple alkanols - Compare alkanols with corresponding alkanes |
Q/A: Review alkanes, alkenes from Form 3
- Study functional group -OH concept - Practice naming alkanols using IUPAC rules - Complete Table 6.2 - alkanol structures |
Molecular models, Table 6.1 and 6.2, alkanol structure charts, student books
|
KLB Secondary Chemistry Form 4, Pages 167-170
|
|
| 2 | 2 |
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY II
|
Isomerism in Alkanols
Laboratory Preparation of Ethanol Industrial Preparation and Physical Properties |
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Explain positional and chain isomerism - Draw isomers of given alkanols - Name different isomeric forms - Classify isomers as primary, secondary, or tertiary |
Study positional isomerism examples (propan-1-ol vs propan-2-ol)
- Practice drawing chain isomers - Exercises on isomer identification and naming - Discussion on structural differences |
Isomer structure charts, molecular models, practice worksheets, student books
Sugar, yeast, warm water, conical flask, delivery tube, lime water, thermometer Table 6.3, industrial process diagrams, ethene structure models, property comparison charts |
KLB Secondary Chemistry Form 4, Pages 170-171
|
|
| 2 | 3 |
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY II
|
Chemical Properties of Alkanols I
Chemical Properties of Alkanols II Uses of Alkanols and Health Effects |
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Test reactions of ethanol with various reagents - Write equations for ethanol reactions - Identify products formed - Explain reaction mechanisms |
Experiment 6.2: Test ethanol with burning, universal indicator, sodium metal, acids
- Record observations in Table 6.4 - Write balanced equations - Discuss reaction types |
Ethanol, sodium metal, universal indicator, concentrated H₂SO₄, ethanoic acid, test tubes
Acidified potassium chromate/manganate, ethanoic acid, concentrated H₂SO₄, heating apparatus Charts showing alkanol uses, health impact data, methylated spirit samples, discussion materials |
KLB Secondary Chemistry Form 4, Pages 173-175
|
|
| 2 | 4-5 |
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY II
|
Introduction to Alkanoic Acids
Laboratory Preparation of Ethanoic Acid Physical and Chemical Properties of Alkanoic Acids Esterification and Uses of Alkanoic Acids |
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Define alkanoic acids and functional group - Apply nomenclature rules - Draw structural formulae - Compare with alkanols Explain ester formation process - Write esterification equations - State uses of alkanoic acids - Prepare simple esters |
Study carboxyl group (-COOH) structure
- Practice naming using IUPAC rules - Complete Table 6.5 and 6.6 - Compare functional groups of alkanols and acids Complete esterification experiments - Study concentrated H₂SO₄ as catalyst - Write general esterification equation - Discuss applications in food, drugs, synthetic fibres |
Alkanoic acid structure charts, Table 6.5 and 6.6, molecular models, student books
Ethanol, KMnO₄, concentrated H₂SO₄, distillation apparatus, thermometer, round-bottom flask 2M ethanoic acid, universal indicator, Mg strip, Na₂CO₃, NaOH, phenolphthalein, test tubes Ethanoic acid, ethanol, concentrated H₂SO₄, test tubes, heating apparatus, cold water |
KLB Secondary Chemistry Form 4, Pages 177-179
KLB Secondary Chemistry Form 4, Pages 182-183 |
|
| 3 | 1 |
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY II
|
Introduction to Detergents and Soap Preparation
Mode of Action of Soap and Hard Water Effects |
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Define detergents and classify types - Explain saponification process - Prepare soap in laboratory - Compare soapy and soapless detergents |
Study soap vs soapless detergent differences
- Experiment 6.5: Saponify castor oil with NaOH - Add salt for salting out - Test soap formation |
Castor oil, 4M NaOH, NaCl, evaporating dish, water bath, stirring rod, filter paper
Soap samples, distilled water, hard water (CaCl₂/MgSO₄ solutions), test tubes, demonstration materials |
KLB Secondary Chemistry Form 4, Pages 183-186
|
|
| 3 | 2 |
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY II
|
Soapless Detergents and Environmental Effects
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Explain soapless detergent preparation - Compare advantages/disadvantages - Discuss environmental impact - Analyze pollution effects |
Study alkylbenzene sulphonate preparation
- Compare Table 6.9 - soap vs soapless - Discussion on eutrophication and biodegradability - Environmental awareness |
Flow charts of detergent manufacture, Table 6.9, environmental impact data, sample detergents
|
KLB Secondary Chemistry Form 4, Pages 188-191
|
|
| 3 | 3 |
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY II
|
Introduction to Polymers and Addition Polymerization
Addition Polymers - Types and Properties |
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Define polymers, monomers, and polymerization - Explain addition polymerization - Draw polymer structures - Calculate polymer properties |
Study polymer concept and terminology
- Practice drawing addition polymers from monomers - Examples: polyethene, polypropene, PVC - Calculate molecular masses |
Polymer samples, monomer structure charts, molecular models, calculators, polymer formation diagrams
Various polymer samples, structure identification exercises, calculation worksheets, Table 6.10 |
KLB Secondary Chemistry Form 4, Pages 191-195
|
|
| 3 | 4-5 |
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY II
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY II Chemistry Paper 1 Revision |
Condensation Polymerization and Natural Polymers
Polymer Properties and Applications Comprehensive Problem Solving and Integration Section A: Short Answer Questions |
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Explain condensation polymerization - Compare with addition polymerization - Study natural polymers - Analyze nylon formation Compare advantages and disadvantages of synthetic polymers - State uses of different polymers - Discuss environmental concerns - Analyze polymer selection |
Study nylon 6,6 formation from diamine and dioic acid
- Natural polymers: starch, protein, rubber - Vulcanization process - Compare synthetic vs natural Study Table 6.10 - polymer uses - Advantages: strength, lightness, moldability - Disadvantages: non-biodegradability, toxic gases - Application analysis |
Nylon samples, rubber samples, condensation reaction diagrams, natural polymer examples
Table 6.10, polymer application samples, environmental impact studies, product examples Comprehensive problem sets, past examination papers, calculators, organic chemistry summary charts Past Chemistry Paper 1 exams, Marking Schemes |
KLB Secondary Chemistry Form 4, Pages 197-200
KLB Secondary Chemistry Form 4, Pages 200-201 |
|
| 4 | 1 |
REVISION
Chemistry Paper 1 Revision Chemistry Paper 1 Revision Chemistry Paper 2 Revision |
Section A: Short Answer Questions
Integrated Short Answer Practice Structured Questions: Analysis & Explanations |
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
– practice a variety of short-answer questions across different Chemistry topics – apply knowledge of experimental setups, chemical properties, and reactions – improve accuracy and clarity in responses |
Teacher demonstrates answering approaches Students work in groups to discuss selected questions Class review using marking scheme
|
Past Papers, Chalkboard, Chemistry Charts
Full Past Paper 1, Answer Booklets, Marking Schemes Past Chemistry Paper 2 exams, Marking Schemes, Whiteboard |
KLB Chemistry Bk 1–4
|
|
| 4 | 2 |
Chemistry Paper 2 Revision
Chemistry Paper 3 Revision |
Structured Questions: Calculations & Reactions
Integrated Exam Practice Quantitative Practical Skills |
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
- solve questions involving mole ratios, empirical formulae, titration, and gas laws - write and balance chemical equations - present working clearly for full marks |
Learners attempt numerical and equation-based questions in groups Teacher reviews answers using marking scheme Class discussion of calculation shortcuts and common pitfalls
|
Calculators, Revision Exercises, Charts
Past Papers, Marking Schemes, Exam Answer Sheets Laboratory apparatus, Past Papers |
KCSE Past Papers, Revision Kits
|
|
| 4 | 3 |
Chemistry Paper 3 Revision
Chemistry Paper 1 Revision Chemistry Paper 1 Revision |
Qualitative Practical Skills
Section A: Short Answer Questions Section A: Short Answer Questions |
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
- make accurate observations during experiments - record results clearly and systematically - draw correct inferences from experimental outcomes |
Teacher demonstrates step-by-step approach to qualitative tasks Learners carry out tests in groups Group review of observations vs. inferences
|
Laboratory apparatus, Reagents, Past Papers
Past Chemistry Paper 1 exams, Marking Schemes Past Papers, Chalkboard, Chemistry Charts |
KLB Chem Bk 1–4, KCSE Past Papers
|
|
| 4 | 4-5 |
Chemistry Paper 1 Revision
Chemistry Paper 2 Revision Chemistry Paper 2 Revision Chemistry Paper 2 Revision Chemistry Paper 3 Revision Chemistry Paper 3 Revision Chemistry Paper 1 Revision |
Integrated Short Answer Practice
Structured Questions: Analysis & Explanations Structured Questions: Calculations & Reactions Integrated Exam Practice Quantitative Practical Skills Qualitative Practical Skills Section A: Short Answer Questions |
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
– integrate knowledge from all Chemistry topics to solve mixed Paper 1 questions – practice time management under exam conditions – review answers using marking schemes and teacher feedback - integrate knowledge across topics (organic, industrial, acids/bases, gases) - apply time management in answering compulsory Paper 2 questions - self-assess answers against marking scheme |
Students attempt a timed set of Paper 1 questions (mock) Teacher leads whole-class marking and discussion of common errors
Learners sit for a timed mock (selected Paper 2 questions) Peer marking guided by marking scheme Teacher highlights answering techniques and improvement areas |
Full Past Paper 1, Answer Booklets, Marking Schemes
Past Chemistry Paper 2 exams, Marking Schemes, Whiteboard Calculators, Revision Exercises, Charts Past Papers, Marking Schemes, Exam Answer Sheets Laboratory apparatus, Past Papers Laboratory apparatus, Reagents, Past Papers Past Chemistry Paper 1 exams, Marking Schemes |
KCSE Past Papers, Teachers’ Guide
KLB Chem Bk 1–4, KCSE Past Papers |
|
| 5 | 1 |
Chemistry Paper 1 Revision
Chemistry Paper 2 Revision |
Section A: Short Answer Questions
Integrated Short Answer Practice Structured Questions: Analysis & Explanations |
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
– practice a variety of short-answer questions across different Chemistry topics – apply knowledge of experimental setups, chemical properties, and reactions – improve accuracy and clarity in responses |
Teacher demonstrates answering approaches Students work in groups to discuss selected questions Class review using marking scheme
|
Past Papers, Chalkboard, Chemistry Charts
Full Past Paper 1, Answer Booklets, Marking Schemes Past Chemistry Paper 2 exams, Marking Schemes, Whiteboard |
KLB Chemistry Bk 1–4
|
|
| 5 | 2 |
Chemistry Paper 2 Revision
Chemistry Paper 3 Revision |
Structured Questions: Calculations & Reactions
Integrated Exam Practice Quantitative Practical Skills |
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
- solve questions involving mole ratios, empirical formulae, titration, and gas laws - write and balance chemical equations - present working clearly for full marks |
Learners attempt numerical and equation-based questions in groups Teacher reviews answers using marking scheme Class discussion of calculation shortcuts and common pitfalls
|
Calculators, Revision Exercises, Charts
Past Papers, Marking Schemes, Exam Answer Sheets Laboratory apparatus, Past Papers |
KCSE Past Papers, Revision Kits
|
|
| 5 | 3 |
Chemistry Paper 3 Revision
Chemistry Paper 1 Revision Chemistry Paper 1 Revision |
Qualitative Practical Skills
Section A: Short Answer Questions Section A: Short Answer Questions |
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
- make accurate observations during experiments - record results clearly and systematically - draw correct inferences from experimental outcomes |
Teacher demonstrates step-by-step approach to qualitative tasks Learners carry out tests in groups Group review of observations vs. inferences
|
Laboratory apparatus, Reagents, Past Papers
Past Chemistry Paper 1 exams, Marking Schemes Past Papers, Chalkboard, Chemistry Charts |
KLB Chem Bk 1–4, KCSE Past Papers
|
|
| 5 | 4-5 |
Chemistry Paper 1 Revision
Chemistry Paper 2 Revision Chemistry Paper 2 Revision Chemistry Paper 2 Revision Chemistry Paper 3 Revision Chemistry Paper 3 Revision |
Integrated Short Answer Practice
Structured Questions: Analysis & Explanations Structured Questions: Calculations & Reactions Integrated Exam Practice Quantitative Practical Skills Qualitative Practical Skills |
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
– integrate knowledge from all Chemistry topics to solve mixed Paper 1 questions – practice time management under exam conditions – review answers using marking schemes and teacher feedback - integrate knowledge across topics (organic, industrial, acids/bases, gases) - apply time management in answering compulsory Paper 2 questions - self-assess answers against marking scheme |
Students attempt a timed set of Paper 1 questions (mock) Teacher leads whole-class marking and discussion of common errors
Learners sit for a timed mock (selected Paper 2 questions) Peer marking guided by marking scheme Teacher highlights answering techniques and improvement areas |
Full Past Paper 1, Answer Booklets, Marking Schemes
Past Chemistry Paper 2 exams, Marking Schemes, Whiteboard Calculators, Revision Exercises, Charts Past Papers, Marking Schemes, Exam Answer Sheets Laboratory apparatus, Past Papers Laboratory apparatus, Reagents, Past Papers |
KCSE Past Papers, Teachers’ Guide
KLB Chem Bk 1–4, KCSE Past Papers |
|
| 6 | 1 |
Chemistry Paper 1 Revision
Chemistry Paper 2 Revision |
Section A: Short Answer Questions
Integrated Short Answer Practice Structured Questions: Analysis & Explanations |
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
– attempt compulsory short-answer questions – recall and explain key chemistry concepts clearly – apply correct working in simple chemical calculations |
Students attempt selected short-answer questions individually Peer-marking and teacher correction through discussion
|
Past Chemistry Paper 1 exams, Marking Schemes
Past Papers, Chalkboard, Chemistry Charts Full Past Paper 1, Answer Booklets, Marking Schemes Past Chemistry Paper 2 exams, Marking Schemes, Whiteboard |
KLB Chemistry Bk 1–4, KCSE Past Papers
|
|
| 6 | 2 |
Chemistry Paper 2 Revision
Chemistry Paper 3 Revision |
Structured Questions: Calculations & Reactions
Integrated Exam Practice Quantitative Practical Skills |
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
- solve questions involving mole ratios, empirical formulae, titration, and gas laws - write and balance chemical equations - present working clearly for full marks |
Learners attempt numerical and equation-based questions in groups Teacher reviews answers using marking scheme Class discussion of calculation shortcuts and common pitfalls
|
Calculators, Revision Exercises, Charts
Past Papers, Marking Schemes, Exam Answer Sheets Laboratory apparatus, Past Papers |
KCSE Past Papers, Revision Kits
|
|
| 6 | 3 |
Chemistry Paper 3 Revision
Chemistry Paper 1 Revision Chemistry Paper 1 Revision |
Qualitative Practical Skills
Section A: Short Answer Questions Section A: Short Answer Questions |
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
- make accurate observations during experiments - record results clearly and systematically - draw correct inferences from experimental outcomes |
Teacher demonstrates step-by-step approach to qualitative tasks Learners carry out tests in groups Group review of observations vs. inferences
|
Laboratory apparatus, Reagents, Past Papers
Past Chemistry Paper 1 exams, Marking Schemes Past Papers, Chalkboard, Chemistry Charts |
KLB Chem Bk 1–4, KCSE Past Papers
|
|
| 6 | 4-5 |
Chemistry Paper 1 Revision
Chemistry Paper 2 Revision Chemistry Paper 2 Revision Chemistry Paper 2 Revision Chemistry Paper 3 Revision Chemistry Paper 3 Revision |
Integrated Short Answer Practice
Structured Questions: Analysis & Explanations Structured Questions: Calculations & Reactions Integrated Exam Practice Quantitative Practical Skills Qualitative Practical Skills |
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
– integrate knowledge from all Chemistry topics to solve mixed Paper 1 questions – practice time management under exam conditions – review answers using marking schemes and teacher feedback - integrate knowledge across topics (organic, industrial, acids/bases, gases) - apply time management in answering compulsory Paper 2 questions - self-assess answers against marking scheme |
Students attempt a timed set of Paper 1 questions (mock) Teacher leads whole-class marking and discussion of common errors
Learners sit for a timed mock (selected Paper 2 questions) Peer marking guided by marking scheme Teacher highlights answering techniques and improvement areas |
Full Past Paper 1, Answer Booklets, Marking Schemes
Past Chemistry Paper 2 exams, Marking Schemes, Whiteboard Calculators, Revision Exercises, Charts Past Papers, Marking Schemes, Exam Answer Sheets Laboratory apparatus, Past Papers Laboratory apparatus, Reagents, Past Papers |
KCSE Past Papers, Teachers’ Guide
KLB Chem Bk 1–4, KCSE Past Papers |
|
| 7 | 1 |
Chemistry Paper 1 Revision
|
Section A: Short Answer Questions
Integrated Short Answer Practice |
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
– attempt compulsory short-answer questions – recall and explain key chemistry concepts clearly – apply correct working in simple chemical calculations |
Students attempt selected short-answer questions individually Peer-marking and teacher correction through discussion
|
Past Chemistry Paper 1 exams, Marking Schemes
Past Papers, Chalkboard, Chemistry Charts Full Past Paper 1, Answer Booklets, Marking Schemes |
KLB Chemistry Bk 1–4, KCSE Past Papers
|
|
| 7 | 2 |
Chemistry Paper 2 Revision
Chemistry Paper 3 Revision |
Structured Questions: Analysis & Explanations
Structured Questions: Calculations & Reactions Integrated Exam Practice Quantitative Practical Skills |
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
- attempt structured questions systematically - interpret and explain concepts from the Periodic Table, gases, and bonding - apply scientific reasoning to short-answer questions |
Learners attempt selected structured questions Teacher guides marking and discusses common errors Class shares strategies for improving explanations
|
Past Chemistry Paper 2 exams, Marking Schemes, Whiteboard
Calculators, Revision Exercises, Charts Past Papers, Marking Schemes, Exam Answer Sheets Laboratory apparatus, Past Papers |
KLB Chem Bk 2–4, KCSE Past Papers
|
|
| 7 | 3 |
Chemistry Paper 3 Revision
Chemistry Paper 1 Revision Chemistry Paper 1 Revision |
Qualitative Practical Skills
Section A: Short Answer Questions Section A: Short Answer Questions |
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
- make accurate observations during experiments - record results clearly and systematically - draw correct inferences from experimental outcomes |
Teacher demonstrates step-by-step approach to qualitative tasks Learners carry out tests in groups Group review of observations vs. inferences
|
Laboratory apparatus, Reagents, Past Papers
Past Chemistry Paper 1 exams, Marking Schemes Past Papers, Chalkboard, Chemistry Charts |
KLB Chem Bk 1–4, KCSE Past Papers
|
|
| 7 | 4-5 |
Chemistry Paper 1 Revision
Chemistry Paper 2 Revision Chemistry Paper 2 Revision Chemistry Paper 2 Revision Chemistry Paper 3 Revision Chemistry Paper 3 Revision |
Integrated Short Answer Practice
Structured Questions: Analysis & Explanations Structured Questions: Calculations & Reactions Integrated Exam Practice Quantitative Practical Skills Qualitative Practical Skills |
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
– integrate knowledge from all Chemistry topics to solve mixed Paper 1 questions – practice time management under exam conditions – review answers using marking schemes and teacher feedback - integrate knowledge across topics (organic, industrial, acids/bases, gases) - apply time management in answering compulsory Paper 2 questions - self-assess answers against marking scheme |
Students attempt a timed set of Paper 1 questions (mock) Teacher leads whole-class marking and discussion of common errors
Learners sit for a timed mock (selected Paper 2 questions) Peer marking guided by marking scheme Teacher highlights answering techniques and improvement areas |
Full Past Paper 1, Answer Booklets, Marking Schemes
Past Chemistry Paper 2 exams, Marking Schemes, Whiteboard Calculators, Revision Exercises, Charts Past Papers, Marking Schemes, Exam Answer Sheets Laboratory apparatus, Past Papers Laboratory apparatus, Reagents, Past Papers |
KCSE Past Papers, Teachers’ Guide
KLB Chem Bk 1–4, KCSE Past Papers |
|
| 8 | 1 |
METALS
|
Chemical Properties I - Reaction with Air
Chemical Properties II - Reaction with Water |
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Investigate metal reactions with air and oxygen - Write balanced equations for metal oxidation - Compare reactivity patterns - Explain tarnishing and oxide formation |
Experiment 5.1: Heat metals in air - sodium, aluminium, zinc, iron, copper
- Observe color changes and products - Record observations in Table 5.3 - Write oxidation equations |
Deflagrating spoons, metal samples (Na, Al, Zn, Fe, Cu), Bunsen burners, safety equipment
Metal samples, cold water, steam generator, test tubes, universal indicator, safety equipment |
KLB Secondary Chemistry Form 4, Pages 152-154
|
|
| 8 | 2 |
METALS
|
Chemical Properties III - Reaction with Chlorine
Chemical Properties IV - Reaction with Acids |
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Investigate metal reactions with chlorine gas - Write equations for chloride formation - Compare reaction vigor - Observe product characteristics |
Experiment 5.3: React hot metals with chlorine gas (FUME CUPBOARD)
- Observe color changes and fume formation - Record all observations - Write balanced equations |
Chlorine gas, gas jars, metal samples, tongs, deflagrating spoons, fume cupboard, safety equipment
Various acids (dilute and concentrated), metal strips, test tubes, gas collection apparatus, safety equipment |
KLB Secondary Chemistry Form 4, Pages 156-157
|
|
| 8 | 3 |
METALS
|
Uses of Metals I - Sodium and Aluminium
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
State uses of sodium and its compounds - Explain aluminium applications - Relate properties to uses - Describe alloy formation and uses |
Discussion on sodium uses in industry
- Aluminium applications in transport and construction - Study duralumin and other alloys - Property-use relationships |
Charts showing metal applications, alloy samples, aircraft parts, cooking vessels
|
KLB Secondary Chemistry Form 4, Pages 158-159
|
|
| 8 | 4-5 |
METALS
METALS RADIOACTIVITY |
Uses of Metals II - Zinc, Copper and Iron
Steel Types and Alloys Environmental Effects of Metal Extraction Introduction, Nuclear Stability and Types of Radioactivity |
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Explain galvanization process - Describe copper electrical applications - Compare iron, steel, and cast iron uses - Analyze alloy compositions and properties Identify environmental impacts of mining - Explain pollution from metal extraction - Describe waste management strategies - Discuss NEMA regulations in Kenya |
Study galvanization and rust prevention
- Copper in electrical applications - Different types of steel and their compositions - Alloy property comparisons Analysis of mining environmental impact - Air, water, and land pollution from extraction - Waste management and slag utilization - NEMA role and regulations |
Galvanized sheets, copper wires, steel samples, alloy composition charts, brass and bronze samples
Steel samples with different compositions, carbon content charts, specialized tools, stainless steel items Environmental impact case studies, pollution images, NEMA regulation documents, waste management examples Periodic table, atomic structure charts, Table 7.1, nuclear stability diagrams |
KLB Secondary Chemistry Form 4, Pages 159-161
KLB Secondary Chemistry Form 4, Pages 161-162 |
|
| 9 | 1 |
RADIOACTIVITY
|
Types of Radiation and Their Properties
Radioactive Decay and Half-Life Concept Half-Life Calculations and Problem Solving |
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Identify alpha, beta, and gamma radiations - Compare penetrating abilities and ionizing power - Explain electric field deflection - Analyze safety implications |
Study alpha (α), beta (β), gamma (γ) characteristics
- Figure 7.2 - penetrating power demonstration - Figure 7.3 - electric field effects - Discussion on radiation protection and detection |
Radiation type charts, penetration diagrams, electric field illustrations, safety equipment charts
Graph paper, Table 7.2 data, calculators, decay curve examples, half-life data table Calculators, comprehensive problem sets, worked examples, isotope half-life comparison tables |
KLB Secondary Chemistry Form 4, Pages 201-204
|
|
| 9 | 2 |
RADIOACTIVITY
|
Nuclear Reactions and Equations
Radioactive Decay Series and Sequential Reactions Nuclear Fission and Chain Reactions |
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Write balanced nuclear equations - Apply conservation laws for mass and atomic numbers - Explain alpha and beta emission effects - Balance complex nuclear reactions |
Practice writing nuclear equations for alpha emission
- Study beta emission examples - Apply mass and atomic number conservation - Balance various nuclear reactions with missing nuclides |
Nuclear equation examples, periodic table, conservation law charts, practice worksheets
Decay series charts, thorium series diagram, nuclide stability charts, practice decay series Fission reaction diagrams, chain reaction illustrations, nuclear reactor diagrams, energy calculation examples |
KLB Secondary Chemistry Form 4, Pages 205-207
|
|
| 9 | 3 |
RADIOACTIVITY
|
Nuclear Fusion and Energy Comparisons
Medical and Diagnostic Applications Industrial, Agricultural and Dating Applications |
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Define nuclear fusion process - Compare fusion with fission processes - Write fusion equations - Explain stellar energy production and fusion applications |
Study hydrogen fusion examples
- Compare fusion vs fission characteristics and energy yields - Stellar fusion processes - Hydrogen bomb vs nuclear reactor principles |
Fusion reaction diagrams, comparison tables, stellar fusion charts, energy comparison data
Medical radioisotope charts, treatment procedure diagrams, diagnostic equipment images, case studies Carbon dating examples, agricultural application charts, industrial use diagrams, food preservation data |
KLB Secondary Chemistry Form 4, Pages 207-208
|
|
| 9 | 4-5 |
RADIOACTIVITY
|
Radiation Hazards and Environmental Impact
Safety Measures and International Control Half-Life Problem Solving and Graph Analysis Nuclear Equations and Conservation Laws |
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Identify radiation health hazards - Explain genetic mutation effects - Discuss major nuclear accidents - Analyze long-term environmental contamination Explain radiation protection principles - Describe proper storage and disposal methods - Discuss IAEA role and standards - Analyze monitoring and control systems |
Study Chernobyl and Three Mile Island accidents
- Genetic mutation and cancer effects - Long-term radiation exposure consequences - Nuclear waste disposal challenges Study IAEA guidelines and international cooperation - Radiation protection protocols and ALARA principle - Safe storage, transport and disposal methods - Environmental monitoring systems |
Accident case studies, environmental impact data, radiation exposure charts, contamination maps
IAEA guidelines, safety protocol charts, monitoring equipment diagrams, international cooperation data Graph paper, experimental data sets, calculators, statistical analysis examples, comprehensive problem sets Nuclear equation worksheets, periodic table, decay series diagrams, conservation law examples |
KLB Secondary Chemistry Form 4, Pages 209-210
|
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