DETERMINING THE NET WORTH OF A BUSINESS

Introduction and meaning of assets

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Define the term assets in business context
-Distinguish between fixed assets and current assets
-Identify at least 5 examples of fixed assets
-Explain characteristics of fixed and current assets
-Classify given business items as fixed or current assets

Brainstorming on business properties; Group discussion on asset classification; Practical exercise identifying assets in local businesses; Classification activity using real business examples

Textbook, Charts showing asset types, Pictures of business assets, Classification worksheets

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Student's Book Pg 96-97

DETERMINING THE NET WORTH OF A BUSINESS

Types of assets (continued) and liabilities
Capital and its importance

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Differentiate between tangible and intangible assets
-Define liabilities and their characteristics
-Distinguish between long-term and current liabilities
-Give examples of different types of liabilities
-Explain the relationship between assets and liabilities

Group presentations on asset types; Case study analysis of business liabilities; Discussion on debt management; Practical examples from local businesses

Textbook, Case study materials, Charts on liability types, Local business examples
Textbook, Role play materials, Capital planning worksheets, Calculator

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Student's Book Pg 97-98

DETERMINING THE NET WORTH OF A BUSINESS

The book-keeping equation
Application of book-keeping equation

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- State the book-keeping equation
-Explain the relationship between assets, capital and liabilities
-Apply the book-keeping equation to solve problems
-Demonstrate how the equation maintains balance
-Calculate missing variables using the equation

Guided discovery of the equation; Step-by-step problem solving; Practice calculations; Group problem solving activities; Mathematical demonstrations

Textbook, Calculator, Problem solving worksheets, Formula charts
Textbook, Calculator, Practice worksheets, Real business data examples

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Student's Book Pg 98-99

DETERMINING THE NET WORTH OF A BUSINESS

The balance sheet - meaning and essentials
Format and structure of balance sheet

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Define a balance sheet
-Explain the purpose of a balance sheet
-Identify essential features of a balance sheet
-Describe the T-format of a balance sheet
-Explain why balance sheet totals must balance

Explanation of balance sheet concept; Drawing T-format demonstrations; Group discussion on balance sheet importance; Analysis of sample balance sheets

Textbook, Sample balance sheets, Drawing materials, T-format templates
Textbook, Drawing materials, Rulers, Sample formats, Chart paper

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Student's Book Pg 99-101

DETERMINING THE NET WORTH OF A BUSINESS

Preparation of simple balance sheets
Complex balance sheet preparation

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Prepare balance sheets from given information
-Classify business items correctly
-Calculate missing figures before preparation
-Ensure balance sheet totals agree
-Present balance sheets in proper format

Guided preparation exercises; Individual balance sheet preparation; Group checking activities; Problem solving sessions; Practical calculations

Textbook, Calculator, Preparation worksheets, Sample data, Graph paper
Textbook, Calculator, Complex problem sets, Peer review sheets

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Student's Book Pg 101-104

DETERMINING THE NET WORTH OF A BUSINESS

Importance of balance sheet

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain the importance of balance sheet to business
-Analyze how balance sheet shows financial position
-Discuss uses by different stakeholders
-Evaluate business performance using balance sheet
-Identify limitations of balance sheet information

Group discussions on stakeholder needs; Case study analysis; Role play of different users; Critical evaluation exercises; Real business analysis

Textbook, Case study materials, Role play cards, Real balance sheet examples

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Student's Book Pg 105-106

DETERMINING THE NET WORTH OF A BUSINESS
BUSINESS TRANSACTIONS

Net worth calculation and analysis
Meaning of business transactions

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Define net worth of a business
-Calculate net worth using different methods
-Analyze factors affecting net worth
-Compare net worth of different businesses
-Interpret net worth figures for decision making

Calculation exercises; Comparative analysis; Group problem solving; Decision making scenarios; Mathematical applications

Textbook, Calculator, Comparative data, Analysis worksheets
Textbook, Transaction examples, Classification charts, Real business documents

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Student's Book Pg 106

BUSINESS TRANSACTIONS

Effects of transactions on balance sheet - Introduction
Purchase of assets using business cash

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain the dual effect of transactions
-Demonstrate how transactions affect balance sheet items
-Analyze the impact on balance sheet equilibrium
-Show the relationship between transactions and double-entry
-Identify which balance sheet items are affected

Demonstration of dual effects; Step-by-step transaction analysis; Balance sheet manipulation exercises; Group problem solving; Interactive examples

Textbook, Balance sheet templates, Transaction cards, Demonstration materials
Textbook, Calculator, Practice worksheets, Balance sheet formats

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Student's Book Pg 109-110

BUSINESS TRANSACTIONS

Owner's additional investment
Purchase of assets on credit

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain the effect of owner's contributions
-Analyze impact on assets and capital
-Demonstrate increase in balance sheet totals
-Show inflow of resources effect
-Apply to various investment scenarios

Case study analysis; Practical calculations; Investment scenario exercises; Group discussions; Real business examples

Textbook, Calculator, Investment scenarios, Case study materials
Textbook, Calculator, Credit scenarios, Balance sheet templates

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Student's Book Pg 111-112

BUSINESS TRANSACTIONS

Cash withdrawals and deposits
Drawings and personal use withdrawals

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain withdrawal of cash from bank for business use
-Analyze deposit of business cash into bank
-Demonstrate circulation of funds within business
-Show effect on specific balance sheet items
-Apply to cash management scenarios

Practical exercises; Cash flow demonstrations; Bank transaction analysis; Group activities; Problem solving sessions

Textbook, Cash flow charts, Bank transaction examples, Calculator
Textbook, Calculator, Drawings scenarios, Case study materials

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Student's Book Pg 113-114

BUSINESS TRANSACTIONS

Borrowing for business use
Payment of liabilities

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain effects of borrowing cash for business
-Analyze inflow of resources into business
-Demonstrate increase in assets and liabilities
-Show impact on balance sheet totals
-Apply to various borrowing scenarios

Borrowing scenario analysis; Practical calculations; Group problem solving; Loan impact exercises; Financial planning activities

Textbook, Calculator, Loan scenarios, Financial planning worksheets
Textbook, Calculator, Debt scenarios, Balance sheet templates

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Student's Book Pg 115-116

BUSINESS TRANSACTIONS

Complex liability transactions

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain payment of liability by incurring new liability
-Analyze payment of liability by owner's private cash
-Demonstrate various liability settlement methods
-Show effects on balance sheet equilibrium
-Apply to complex business scenarios

Complex scenario analysis; Advanced calculations; Group problem solving; Comparative exercises; Real business applications

Textbook, Calculator, Complex scenarios, Comparative charts

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Student's Book Pg 117-118

BUSINESS TRANSACTIONS

Sale of assets and debtor transactions

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Analyze sale of assets for cash and on credit
-Explain receipt of cash from debtors
-Demonstrate profit and loss effects
-Show impact on various balance sheet items
-Apply to sales and collection scenarios

Sales transaction analysis; Profit/loss calculations; Debtor management exercises; Group activities; Practical applications

Textbook, Calculator, Sales scenarios, Debtor management worksheets

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Student's Book Pg 118-120

BUSINESS TRANSACTIONS

Compound transactions

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain compound transactions and their effects
-Analyze transactions with multiple effects
-Demonstrate complex balance sheet impacts
-Show triple or more effects on balance sheet
-Apply to advanced business scenarios

Advanced transaction analysis; Complex calculations; Multi-effect demonstrations; Group problem solving; Advanced scenarios

Textbook, Calculator, Complex transaction examples, Advanced worksheets

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Student's Book Pg 120-121

BUSINESS TRANSACTIONS

Causes of changes in capital
Initial and final capital determination

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Identify factors that influence capital levels
-Explain effects of additional investment on capital
-Analyze impact of profits and losses on capital
-Demonstrate effects of drawings on capital
-Evaluate capital management strategies

Capital change analysis; Factor identification exercises; Impact assessment activities; Group discussions; Strategic planning exercises

Textbook, Calculator, Capital analysis worksheets, Strategy planning materials
Textbook, Calculator, Capital determination worksheets, Formula charts

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Student's Book Pg 124

BUSINESS TRANSACTIONS

Capital calculation methods

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Apply formulas for initial and final capital calculation
-Solve complex capital determination problems
-Analyze interplay of investment, profit, losses and drawings
-Demonstrate step-by-step calculation procedures
-Interpret capital calculation results

Advanced calculations; Formula manipulation; Complex problem solving; Step-by-step demonstrations; Result interpretation exercises

Textbook, Calculator, Advanced problem sets, Formula reference sheets

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Student's Book Pg 125-126

BUSINESS TRANSACTIONS

Pertinent issues and business ethics

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Discuss honesty and transparency in transaction recording
-Explain importance of accurate transaction records
-Analyze consequences of false transaction recording
-Evaluate ethical considerations in business transactions
-Propose solutions to unethical practices

Group discussions on business ethics; Case study analysis of unethical practices; Debate on transparency; Problem solving on ethical dilemmas; Action planning sessions

Textbook, Case study materials, Debate materials, Ethical scenario cards

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Student's Book Pg 126

THE LEDGER

Meaning, purpose and format of ledger accounts
Rules of recording and double entry concept

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Define a ledger and ledger account
-Explain the purpose of keeping a ledger
-Identify features of a ledger account
-Draw the correct format of a ledger account
-Explain the four columns and T-shape format
-Distinguish between debit and credit sides

Introduction to ledger concept; Demonstration of T-format; Group discussion on ledger importance; Drawing ledger account format; Practical identification exercises; Format construction activities

Textbook, Ledger books, Rulers, Chart paper, T-format templates
Textbook, Ledger books, Rules summary charts, Double-entry worksheets, Calculator

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Student's Book Pg 127-129

THE LEDGER

Recording business transactions and opening accounts
Recording purchases, sales and returns

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Record simple transactions in ledger accounts
-Apply double-entry rules correctly
-Open ledger accounts from balance sheet information
-Record opening balances correctly
-Demonstrate proper posting procedures
-Show cross-referencing between accounts

Guided posting exercises; Transaction recording practice; Opening balance exercises; Balance sheet to ledger conversion; Cross-referencing demonstrations; Step-by-step posting guidance

Textbook, Ledger books, Transaction examples, Balance sheet examples, Practice sets
Textbook, Ledger books, Purchase scenarios, Returns scenarios, Transaction cards

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Student's Book Pg 131-135

THE LEDGER

Recording expenses, revenues and drawings
Balancing ledger accounts
Uses of ledger and trial balance preparation

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Record various business expenses in ledger accounts
-Post revenue transactions correctly
-Record drawings transactions correctly
-Distinguish between expense and revenue accounts
-Explain the nature of drawings account
-Demonstrate effects on capital and cash accounts

Expense and revenue recording; Drawings transaction recording; Classification exercises; Capital impact analysis; Practical posting activities; Comprehensive transaction sets

Textbook, Ledger books, Expense/revenue examples, Drawings scenarios, Classification worksheets
Textbook, Ledger books, Calculator, Balancing worksheets, Special scenario worksheets
Textbook, Ledger books, Trial balance formats, Calculator, Extraction worksheets

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Student's Book Pg 137-139

THE LEDGER

Trial balance limitations and errors
Classification of accounts and types of ledgers

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Identify limitations of trial balance
-Explain errors that do not affect trial balance agreement
-Discuss hidden errors in trial balance
-Analyze errors that cause trial balance disagreement
-Demonstrate error detection techniques
-Show correction procedures for common errors

Error analysis sessions; Limitation discussions; Error detection exercises; Hidden error identification; Correction demonstrations; Group problem solving

Textbook, Error example worksheets, Analysis charts, Correction materials, Error detection aids
Textbook, Classification charts, Ledger type examples, Comparison worksheets, Business scenario materials

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Student's Book Pg 142-143

THE CASH BOOK

Introduction, meaning and purpose of cash book
Types of cash books and single-column cash book

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Define a cash book
-Explain the purpose of keeping a cash book
-Distinguish between cash and credit transactions
-Identify the two-sided nature of cash book
-Explain the uses of cash book in business
-Describe the debit and credit sides of cash book

Introduction to cash book concept; Group discussion on cash transactions; Demonstration of cash book structure; Practical identification of cash vs credit transactions; Analysis of cash book importance

Textbook, Sample cash books, Transaction examples, Chart showing cash book structure
Textbook, Cash book formats, Practice worksheets, Rulers, Calculator

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Student's Book Pg 160-161

THE CASH BOOK

The two-column cash book
Bank overdraft and advanced two-column cash book

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain the two-column cash book structure
-Identify cash and bank columns
-Record transactions in two-column cash book
-Understand contra entries and their recording
-Balance cash and bank columns separately
-Show proper use of folio references

Two-column format demonstration; Contra entries explanation; Practical recording exercises; Balancing procedures for both columns; Group problem solving; Step-by-step construction activities

Textbook, Two-column cash book formats, Transaction sets, Calculator, Contra entry examples
Textbook, Calculator, Complex transaction examples, Overdraft scenarios, Business case studies

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Student's Book Pg 163-165

THE CASH BOOK

The three-column cash book and discount columns
Double-entry and ledger posting from cash book
Pertinent issues and comprehensive practice
Pertinent issues and comprehensive practice

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain the three-column cash book structure
-Distinguish between discount allowed and discount received
-Record transactions in three-column cash book
-Handle discount calculations correctly
-Balance three-column cash book properly
-Show proper treatment of discount columns

Three-column format demonstration; Discount concepts explanation; Discount calculation exercises; Practical recording activities; Balancing procedures for all columns; Group work on discount scenarios

Textbook, Three-column cash book formats, Calculator, Discount calculation worksheets, Practice sets
Textbook, Ledger books, Posting examples, Dishonoured cheque scenarios, Practice worksheets
Textbook, Comprehensive problem sets, Ethical scenario cards, Case study materials, Assessment worksheets

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Student's Book Pg 167-168