AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS II (LAND TENURE AND LAND REFORM)

Meaning of Land Tenure
Collective Land Tenure System - Communal

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define the term land tenure. Explain the concept of tenure security. Distinguish between customary and written laws. Identify factors influencing land tenure systems.

Exposition of new concepts on land tenure. Discussion on tenure security importance. Probing questions on land laws. Brief discussion on land rights.

Charts on land tenure concepts. Student textbooks. Land tenure system diagrams. Tenure security illustrations.
Examples of communal land systems. Advantage/disadvantage charts. Community examples (Maasai). Problem identification guides.

KLB BK III Pgs 140-142

AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS II (LAND TENURE AND LAND REFORM)

Collective Land Tenure System - Co-operative and State
Individual Tenure System - Owner-operator

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
State advantages and disadvantages of co-operative system. Describe state ownership of land. Give examples of co-operative land systems. Compare different collective tenure systems.

Discussion on co-operative land ownership. Exposition of state ownership systems. Brief discussion on examples. Comparison of collective systems.

Co-operative land examples. State land system charts. Comparison tables. ADC farm examples.
Individual land ownership examples. Title deed samples. Production planning charts. Security benefit illustrations.

KLB BK III Pgs 142-144

AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS II (LAND TENURE AND LAND REFORM)

Individual Tenure System - Landlordism and Tenancy
Individual Tenure System - Concession/Company

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
State advantages and disadvantages of landlordism and tenancy. Explain leasehold land tenure system. Describe tenant-landlord relationships. Discuss rent payment methods.

Discussion on landlord-tenant systems. Exposition of leasehold arrangements. Brief discussion on rental agreements. Question and answer on payment methods.

Lease agreement examples. Landlord-tenant relationship charts. Rent payment systems. Leasehold land examples.
Company land examples. Estate system charts. Plantation examples (Delmonte). Government agreement illustrations.

KLB BK III Pgs 144-147

AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS II (LAND TENURE AND LAND REFORM)

Fragmentation and Sub-division of Land
Effects of Fragmentation and Sub-division

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define land fragmentation and sub-division. State factors contributing to fragmentation. Explain effects of fragmentation on agriculture. Describe inheritance processes.

Discussion on land fragmentation concepts. Exposition of fragmentation factors. Brief discussion on agricultural effects. Question and answer on inheritance.

Fragmentation examples. Factor identification charts. Agricultural impact illustrations. Inheritance process guides.
Fragmented land examples. Management problem charts. Development impact illustrations. Extension service challenges.

KLB BK III Pgs 147-152

AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS II (LAND TENURE AND LAND REFORM)

Land Reform - Meaning and Objectives
Land Consolidation

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define land reform and its importance. Outline important objectives of land tenure reform. Explain land reform programmes. Describe integrated programmes for land control.

Exposition of land reform concepts. Discussion on reform objectives. Brief discussion on programme types. Question and answer on land control.

Land reform definition charts. Objective identification guides. Programme type illustrations. Land control examples.
Land consolidation examples. Process flow charts. Advantage identification guides. Consolidated farm illustrations.

KLB BK III Pgs 152-157

AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS II (LAND TENURE AND LAND REFORM)

Land Adjudication and Registration
Settlement and Resettlement

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Discuss land adjudication and registration processes. State steps followed in land adjudication. Explain information contained in land register and title deed. State benefits of land title deed to farmers.

Discussion on adjudication process. Exposition of registration procedures. Brief discussion on title deed contents. Question and answer on farmer benefits.

Adjudication process charts. Title deed examples. Registration procedure guides. Farmer benefit illustrations.
Settlement scheme examples. Objective identification charts. Kenya settlement history. Success requirement guides.

KLB BK III Pgs 152-157

CROP PRODUCTION VI (FIELD PRACTICES II)

Maize - ecological requirements and varieties
Maize - land preparation and planting
Maize - field operations
Maize - pest and disease control

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Outline ecological requirements for maize production. Identify different maize varieties grown in Kenya. Distinguish between hybrids and composites. Explain adaptation of varieties to specific ecological zones.

Exposition of maize growing conditions. Discussion on variety selection. Examination of different maize varieties.

Charts showing ecological zones, maize variety samples, maps of Kenya showing maize growing areas
Farm tools, certified maize seeds, measuring equipment, charts showing planting procedures
Fertilizer samples, calculators, charts showing application methods, herbicide containers
Pictures of maize pests, damaged maize plants, pest control chemicals

KLB BK III Pg 198-200

CROP PRODUCTION VI (FIELD PRACTICES II)

Finger millet production
Finger millet - field management and pest control
Bulrush millet and sorghum production
Sorghum - pest and disease control

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Outline ecological requirements for finger millet. Identify finger millet varieties grown in Kenya. Describe land preparation and planting methods. Explain advantages of finger millet as a food security crop.

Exposition of finger millet characteristics. Discussion on growing conditions. Examination of finger millet specimens.

Finger millet samples, charts showing ecological requirements, pictures of finger millet fields
Fertilizer samples, finger millet storage containers, pictures of head blast disease
Bulrush millet and sorghum samples, charts comparing crop characteristics
Pictures of quelea birds, damaged sorghum plants, sorghum harvesting tools

KLB BK III Pg 204-206

CROP PRODUCTION VI (FIELD PRACTICES II)

Beans production
Beans - field operations and pest control

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Outline ecological requirements for beans production. Identify bean varieties including dry beans and French beans. Describe land preparation and planting methods for beans. Explain importance of beans as protein source.

Exposition of bean growing conditions. Discussion on variety selection. Examination of different bean varieties.

Different bean variety samples, charts showing ecological requirements
Pictures of bean diseases, diseased bean specimens, irrigation equipment

KLB BK III Pg 211-212

CROP PRODUCTION VI (FIELD PRACTICES II)

Rice production
Harvesting of industrial crops - cotton and pyrethrum

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Outline ecological requirements for rice production. Describe rice irrigation schemes in Kenya. Explain land preparation and water control in rice. State fertilizer application methods in rice production.

Exposition of rice growing conditions. Discussion on irrigation importance. Case study of Mwea rice scheme.

Maps showing rice schemes, pictures of rice fields, water control equipment
Cotton samples showing different grades, pyrethrum flowers, harvesting baskets

KLB BK III Pg 214-215

CROP PRODUCTION VI (FIELD PRACTICES II)
FORAGE CROPS

Harvesting of industrial crops - sugarcane and coffee
Harvesting of industrial crops - tea
Introduction and pasture classification

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe harvesting methods for sugarcane including maturation indicators. Explain procedures for coffee cherry harvesting. State quality factors in coffee harvesting. Outline precautions during harvesting of tree crops.

Discussion on crop maturation signs. Examination of coffee cherries at different stages. Brain storming on quality maintenance.

Sugarcane samples, coffee cherries at different ripeness stages, harvesting tools
Tea plucking stick, tea baskets, fresh tea specimens showing different plucking standards
Charts showing pasture classification, specimens of grasses and legumes, altitude maps

KLB BK III Pg 217-218

FORAGE CROPS

Pasture establishment and planting materials
Fertilizer application and legume inoculation
Pasture management practices
Pasture utilization and defoliation

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe methods of pasture establishment using seeds, rhizomes and splits. Explain land preparation procedures for pastures. Outline sowing methods including direct sowing, undersowing and oversowing. State seed rates and quality standards for pasture crops.

Demonstration of land preparation and establishment methods. Discussion on sowing method selection. Examination of different planting materials.

Farm tools, pasture seeds, rhizomes, splits, charts showing sowing methods
Fertilizer samples, rhizobium inoculant, charts showing nitrogen fixation, legume nodules
Pictures of pasture weeds, fertilizer samples, slashing tools, charts showing management practices
Charts showing defoliation effects, pasture quality samples, grazing schedules

KLB BK III Pg 222-226

FORAGE CROPS

Carrying capacity and grazing systems
Napier grass production
Other fodder crops

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define carrying capacity and stocking rate. Calculate carrying capacity based on animal requirements. Compare rotational and continuous grazing systems. Explain paddocking, strip grazing, tethering and zero grazing methods.

Calculation exercises on stocking rates. Discussion on grazing system selection. Examination of grazing system diagrams.

Calculators, carrying capacity charts, paddocking diagrams, pictures of grazing methods
Napier grass specimens, stem cuttings with nodes, fertilizer samples, cutting tools
Guatemala grass specimens, mangold samples, clover and lucerne specimens, desmodium varieties

KLB BK III Pg 232-237

FORAGE CROPS

Agroforestry fodder and conservation introduction
Hay making

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Outline establishment and utilization of agroforestry shrubs as fodder. Explain reasons for conserving forage including seasonal feed distribution. State methods of forage conservation. Compare hay, silage and standing forage conservation.

Discussion on agroforestry benefits. Exposition of conservation importance. Brain storming on conservation method selection.

Leucaenia and calliandra samples, charts showing conservation methods, seasonal feed charts
Hay samples, charts showing hay making process, storage equipment diagrams

KLB BK III Pg 244-245

FORAGE CROPS
LIVESTOCK HEALTH III

Silage making and silo types
Silage quality and requirements calculation
Introduction to livestock diseases and observable conditions

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe silage making process and advantages over hay. Compare different types of silos including trench, clamp and tower silos. Explain steps followed in making silage. State principles of silage preservation and fermentation.

Discussion on silage advantages. Examination of silo diagrams. Exposition of fermentation principles and preservation.

Charts showing silo types, silage samples, fermentation diagrams, pH testing materials
Calculators, silage quality charts, additive samples, measurement tools, calculation worksheets
Charts showing disease symptoms, thermometer, pictures of sick animals, disease organism diagrams

KLB BK III Pg 247-249

LIVESTOCK HEALTH III

Terms used in livestock diseases
Classification and protozoan diseases - ECF and anaplasmosis
Protozoan diseases - coccidiosis and trypanosomiasis
Bacterial diseases - mastitis

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define incubation period and mortality in disease outbreaks. Distinguish between curative and preventive treatment. Explain natural and artificial immunity types. Describe vaccines and their mode of action.

Exposition of disease terminology. Discussion on immunity types. Brain storming on treatment approaches. Question and answer on disease terms.

Charts showing immunity types, vaccine samples, timeline charts for incubation periods
Disease classification charts, tick specimens, pictures of ECF symptoms, maps showing disease distribution
Pictures of coccidiosis symptoms, tsetse fly specimens, maps showing trypanosomiasis areas, drug samples
Pictures of mastitis symptoms, milk samples showing mastitis, milking equipment, antibiotic samples

KLB BK III Pg 251-252

LIVESTOCK HEALTH III

Bacterial diseases - fowl typhoid and foot rot
Bacterial diseases - contagious abortion and scours
Bacterial diseases - black quarter, anthrax and pneumonia
Viral diseases - rinderpest and foot and mouth disease

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe fowl typhoid symptoms and control in poultry. Explain foot rot in cloven-hoofed animals. Identify predisposing factors for foot rot including wet conditions. State control measures including foot baths and hoof trimming.

Discussion on poultry diseases. Examination of foot rot symptoms. Demonstration of hoof trimming principles. Brain storming on hygiene importance.

Pictures of fowl typhoid symptoms, foot rot specimens, hoof trimming tools, foot bath chemicals
Charts showing brucellosis transmission, pictures of scours symptoms, vaccination schedules, hygiene materials
Pictures of black quarter symptoms, anthrax control procedures, vaccination equipment, ventilation diagrams
Pictures of rinderpest symptoms, foot and mouth disease lesions, quarantine procedures, vaccination records

KLB BK III Pg 257-259

LIVESTOCK HEALTH III

Viral diseases - Newcastle, fowl pox and Gumboro
Viral diseases - African swine fever

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe Newcastle disease symptoms and high mortality. Explain fowl pox types including cutaneous and diphtheritic forms. Describe Gumboro disease affecting immune system. State control measures for poultry viral diseases.

Discussion on poultry viral diseases. Examination of fowl pox lesions. Brain storming on vaccination schedules. Case study of Gumboro (poultry AIDS).

Pictures of Newcastle symptoms, fowl pox lesions, Gumboro symptoms, poultry vaccination equipment
Pictures of African swine fever symptoms, pig management charts, quarantine procedures, disease control equipment

KLB BK III Pg 265-267

LIVESTOCK HEALTH III

Nutritional disorders - milk fever and bloat

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe milk fever as calcium deficiency in dairy cows. Explain symptoms including muscle twitching and paralysis. Describe bloat as gas accumulation in rumen. Outline treatment methods including calcium injection and gas release techniques.

Discussion on nutritional disorders. Demonstration of calcium injection principles. Brain storming on nutritional management. Case study of bloat treatment.

Calcium injection equipment, charts showing milk fever symptoms, bloat treatment tools, nutritional supplements

KLB BK III Pg 268-270