LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION III (SELECTION AND BREEDING)

Reproduction and Reproductive System

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define reproduction and sexual reproduction. Explain the process of fertilization. Describe the role of gametes in reproduction. Define terms related to reproduction.

Discussion on reproduction importance. Exposition of fertilization process. Definition of terms like hatcheries, broodiness, incubation. Question and answer session.

Charts showing fertilization process. Student textbooks. Diagrams of reproductive cells.

KLB BK III Pg 1

LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION III (SELECTION AND BREEDING)

Male Reproductive System (Bull)
Female Reproductive System (Cow)
Pregnancy, Parturition and Birth

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify parts of bull's reproductive system. Draw and label the reproductive system of a bull. Describe functions of each part. Explain sperm production and storage.

Drawing and labeling bull's reproductive system. Discussion on organ functions. Demonstration using charts. Brief discussion on system functions.

Charts of bull reproductive system. Colored pencils for drawing. Real specimens if available. Textbooks.
Charts of cow reproductive system. Models if available. Drawing materials. Hormone function charts.
Gestation period charts. Pictures of animals at birth. Drawing materials. Chart showing proper presentation.

KLB BK III Pgs 2-3

LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION III (SELECTION AND BREEDING)

Reproductive System in Poultry
Breeding Stock Selection
Methods of Selecting Breeding Stock

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify parts of hen's reproductive system. Draw and label the oviduct system. State functions of parts of reproductive system. Describe egg formation process.

Drawing and labeling hen's reproductive system. Discussion on egg formation stages. Demonstration of egg structure. Brief discussion on system functions.

Charts of hen's reproductive system. Real eggs for dissection. Drawing materials. Magnifying glasses.
Pictures of different animal breeds. Breeding record books. Charts on selection criteria. Video clips of livestock.
Selection records. Breeding program examples. Charts showing selection methods. Textbook references.

KLB BK III Pgs 6-8

LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION III (SELECTION AND BREEDING)

Breeding and Reasons for Breeding
Breeding Systems - Inbreeding

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Give reasons for breeding. Define terms related to breeding. Explain breeding objectives. Discuss genetic manipulation concepts.

Probing questions on breeding importance. Exposition of new concepts related to breeding. Discussion on breeding objectives. Brief discussion on genetic improvement.

Pictures of improved breeds. Breeding success stories. Charts on genetic improvement. Local breed examples.
Pedigree charts. Inbreeding examples. Family tree diagrams. Breeding outcome examples.

KLB BK III Pgs 12-16

LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION III (SELECTION AND BREEDING)

Breeding Systems - Outbreeding
Signs of Heat in Livestock

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Give reasons for outbreeding. State advantages and disadvantages of outbreeding. Explain outcrossing, crossbreeding and upgrading. Compare breeding systems.

Exposition of outbreeding concepts. Discussion on advantages and disadvantages. Brief discussion on types of outbreeding. Examples of upgrading programs.

Breed comparison charts. Crossbreeding examples. Upgrading demonstration materials. Comparison charts.
Video clips of animals showing heat signs. Heat detection charts. Species comparison charts. Observation worksheets.

KLB BK III Pgs 18-19

LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION III (SELECTION AND BREEDING)

Natural Mating and Artificial Insemination

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
State advantages and disadvantages of natural mating. State advantages and disadvantages of artificial insemination. Compare natural mating with AI. Describe AI process.

Discussion on natural mating benefits and limitations. Brief discussion on AI advantages. Discussion with questioning on AI process. Demonstration using models and charts.

Pictures of breeding males. AI equipment models. Comparison charts. Artificial vagina demonstration models.

KLB BK III Pgs 20-23

LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION III (SELECTION AND BREEDING)
LIVESTOCK HEALTH III

Embryo Transplant
Parturition in Livestock
Introduction to livestock diseases and observable conditions

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
State advantages and disadvantages of embryo transplant. Explain embryo transplant as a method of service. Describe donor and recipient roles. Discuss modern breeding technologies.

Exposition of embryo transfer technology. Brief discussion on advantages and disadvantages. Discussion on technical requirements. Written exercise on breeding methods.

Embryo transfer demonstration materials. Technology requirement charts. Cost analysis sheets. Advanced breeding technology examples.
Pictures of animals about to give birth. Parturition sign identification charts. Emergency procedure charts. Management protocol worksheets.
Charts showing disease symptoms, thermometer, pictures of sick animals, disease organism diagrams

KLB BK III Pgs 23-24

LIVESTOCK HEALTH III

Terms used in livestock diseases
Classification and protozoan diseases - ECF and anaplasmosis
Protozoan diseases - coccidiosis and trypanosomiasis

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define incubation period and mortality in disease outbreaks. Distinguish between curative and preventive treatment. Explain natural and artificial immunity types. Describe vaccines and their mode of action.

Exposition of disease terminology. Discussion on immunity types. Brain storming on treatment approaches. Question and answer on disease terms.

Charts showing immunity types, vaccine samples, timeline charts for incubation periods
Disease classification charts, tick specimens, pictures of ECF symptoms, maps showing disease distribution
Pictures of coccidiosis symptoms, tsetse fly specimens, maps showing trypanosomiasis areas, drug samples

KLB BK III Pg 251-252

LIVESTOCK HEALTH III

Bacterial diseases - mastitis
Bacterial diseases - fowl typhoid and foot rot
Bacterial diseases - contagious abortion and scours

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe mastitis as inflammation of mammary glands. Identify predisposing factors for mastitis including age and udder attachment. Explain symptoms of mastitis including milk changes. Outline control and treatment methods for mastitis.

Discussion on mastitis importance. Examination of mastitis symptoms. Demonstration of proper milking techniques. Brain storming on prevention methods.

Pictures of mastitis symptoms, milk samples showing mastitis, milking equipment, antibiotic samples
Pictures of fowl typhoid symptoms, foot rot specimens, hoof trimming tools, foot bath chemicals
Charts showing brucellosis transmission, pictures of scours symptoms, vaccination schedules, hygiene materials

KLB BK III Pg 255-257

LIVESTOCK HEALTH III

Bacterial diseases - black quarter, anthrax and pneumonia
Viral diseases - rinderpest and foot and mouth disease

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe black quarter symptoms and spore-forming bacteria. Explain anthrax as notifiable disease affecting all warm-blooded animals. Describe pneumonia in young animals and predisposing factors. State control measures including vaccination and proper disposal.

Discussion on acute bacterial diseases. Exposition of notifiable diseases. Brain storming on disease prevention. Case study of anthrax control.

Pictures of black quarter symptoms, anthrax control procedures, vaccination equipment, ventilation diagrams
Pictures of rinderpest symptoms, foot and mouth disease lesions, quarantine procedures, vaccination records

KLB BK III Pg 261-263

LIVESTOCK HEALTH III

Viral diseases - Newcastle, fowl pox and Gumboro
Viral diseases - African swine fever

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe Newcastle disease symptoms and high mortality. Explain fowl pox types including cutaneous and diphtheritic forms. Describe Gumboro disease affecting immune system. State control measures for poultry viral diseases.

Discussion on poultry viral diseases. Examination of fowl pox lesions. Brain storming on vaccination schedules. Case study of Gumboro (poultry AIDS).

Pictures of Newcastle symptoms, fowl pox lesions, Gumboro symptoms, poultry vaccination equipment
Pictures of African swine fever symptoms, pig management charts, quarantine procedures, disease control equipment

KLB BK III Pg 265-267

LIVESTOCK HEALTH III
Agricultural Economics V (Agricultural Marketing and Organisations)

Nutritional disorders - milk fever and bloat
Definition of Market

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe milk fever as calcium deficiency in dairy cows. Explain symptoms including muscle twitching and paralysis. Describe bloat as gas accumulation in rumen. Outline treatment methods including calcium injection and gas release techniques.

Discussion on nutritional disorders. Demonstration of calcium injection principles. Brain storming on nutritional management. Case study of bloat treatment.

Calcium injection equipment, charts showing milk fever symptoms, bloat treatment tools, nutritional supplements
Charts showing market scenarios, local market examples

KLB BK III Pg 268-270

Agricultural Economics V (Agricultural Marketing and Organisations)

Marketing Definition and Functions
Monopolistic Competition
Oligopoly and Monopsony

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define marketing and describe marketing function.

Study marketing as flow of goods and services from producer to consumer. Explanation of marketing functions as activities involved in marketing process. Students identify local marketing activities and relate to textbook definitions.

Marketing flow charts, local examples
Market structure diagrams, business examples
Market comparison charts, case studies

KLB Secondary Agriculture Form 4, Page 126

Agricultural Economics V (Agricultural Marketing and Organisations)

Definition and Law of Demand
Demand Schedule and Curves
Factors Influencing Demand

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define the term demand. State and explain the law of demand.

Study demand as quantity of goods consumers are willing and able to buy at specific price in given market and time. Examination of Figure 6.1 showing inverse relationship between demand and price. Discussion on difference between demand and want, effective demand concept.

Figure 6.1 from textbook, demand examples
Graph paper, rulers, sample demand data
Examples of local agricultural commodities, factor charts

KLB Secondary Agriculture Form 4, Pages 127-128

Agricultural Economics V (Agricultural Marketing and Organisations)

Elasticity of Demand
Types of Elasticity of Demand

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define elasticity of demand. Calculate elasticity of demand.

Study elasticity as degree of responsiveness of demand to price change. Practice calculating Ed using textbook bread example: 1000 loaves at Ksh 20 versus 600 loaves at Ksh 23. Students work through calculation steps and interpret results.

Calculators, textbook examples, calculation worksheets
Figures 6.3-6.6 from textbook, graph paper, rulers

KLB Secondary Agriculture Form 4, Pages 130-132

Agricultural Economics V (Agricultural Marketing and Organisations)

Factors Affecting Elasticity of Demand
Supply Definition and Law

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
State factors affecting elasticity of demand.

Study six factors determining elasticity: availability of substitutes, degree of necessity, number of uses a product can be put to, time lag, time span, proportion of expenditure. Discussion using examples like table salt versus luxury commodities. Students classify local commodities by elasticity type.

Local commodity examples, classification charts
Figure 6.7, Table 6.1 from textbook, supply examples

KLB Secondary Agriculture Form 4, Page 133

Agricultural Economics V (Agricultural Marketing and Organisations)

Elasticity of Supply

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define elasticity of supply. Calculate elasticity of supply.

Study elasticity of supply as degree of responsiveness to price change. Practice calculating Es using textbook millet example: price change from Ksh 10 to Ksh 12 with supply change from 400kg to 600kg. Students practice calculations and interpret results.

Calculators, textbook examples, calculation worksheets

KLB Secondary Agriculture Form 4, Page 135

Agricultural Economics V (Agricultural Marketing and Organisations)

Price Theory and Market Equilibrium
Marketing Functions

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain how market prices are determined.

Study price as amount of money paid for goods or services. Examination of Figure 6.9 showing demand-supply relationship in determining equilibrium price. Discussion on price control, government intervention, and liberalization effects on agricultural commodity pricing.

Figure 6.9 from textbook, price examples
Charts showing marketing functions, local examples

KLB Secondary Agriculture Form 4, Pages 136-138

Agricultural Economics V (Agricultural Marketing and Organisations)

Marketing Organizations and Agencies
Agricultural Organizations

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Outline the functions of wholesalers and retailers. Outline the functions of itinerant traders, broker agents and commission agents.

Study marketing organizations: wholesalers who buy in bulk and sell to retailers, retailers who sell to consumers in small quantities, itinerant traders who move place to place, packers and processors, commission agents, broker agents, co-operatives, marketing boards, auctioneers. Students identify local marketing agents and their roles.

Examples of local marketing agents, organizational charts
List of statutory boards, co-operative examples, youth organization materials

KLB Secondary Agriculture Form 4, Pages 141-143

Agroforestry

Definition and Forms of Agroforestry
Importance of Agroforestry
Tree Selection Criteria

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define agroforestry. Distinguish between agrosilviculture, silvopastoral and agrosilvopastoral systems. Explain how agroforestry increases farm productivity.

Q/A on tree planting on farms. Teacher explains agroforestry definition and three forms with their applications. Students identify local examples and discuss changing land use patterns in Kenya.

Charts showing agroforestry systems, local examples
Agroforestry products samples, environmental conservation materials
Tree species samples, characteristic comparison charts

KLB Secondary Agriculture Form 4, Pages 152-153

Agroforestry

Nursery Types and Seed Sources
Seed Treatment Methods
Nursery Management

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Compare direct and containerised nurseries. Evaluate seed sources and quality requirements. Outline nursery site selection factors.

Study nursery types: direct versus containerised systems. Examine seed collection from government sources or mature trees, emphasizing quality requirements.

Sample containers, polythene bags, seed types
Hot water setup, thermometer, sample seeds, filing tools
Figures 7.1-7.3 from textbook, watering equipment, mulching materials

KLB Secondary Agriculture Form 4, Pages 154-155

Agroforestry

Tree Protection and Maintenance
Alley Cropping and Multi-storey Systems
Woodlots and Strategic Tree Placement
Tree Harvesting Techniques

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Design protection systems for young trees. Execute pruning techniques. Perform side grafting using Figure 7.6 method.

Study protection methods from Figure 7.5 for one-year period. Practice pruning for fuel wood and shaping. Demonstrate side grafting technique ensuring compatibility.

Figure 7.5-7.6 from textbook, protection materials, grafting tools
Figures 7.7-7.8 from textbook, measuring equipment, spacing materials
Figure 7.9-7.10 from textbook, site evaluation materials
Figures 7.11-7.15 from textbook, harvesting tools

KLB Secondary Agriculture Form 4, Pages 158-159