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| WK | LSN | TOPIC | SUB-TOPIC | OBJECTIVES | T/L ACTIVITIES | T/L AIDS | REFERENCE | REMARKS |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2 | 1 |
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY I
|
Introduction to Organic Chemistry and Hydrocarbons
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Define organic chemistry and hydrocarbons Explain why carbon forms many compounds Classify hydrocarbons into alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes Identify the bonding in carbon compounds |
Teacher exposition: Definition of organic chemistry. Discussion: Unique properties of carbon - tetravalency, catenation, multiple bonding. Q/A: Examples of hydrocarbons in daily life. Introduction to three main groups of hydrocarbons.
|
Carbon models, Hydrocarbon structure charts, Molecular model kits
|
KLB Secondary Chemistry Form 3, Pages 86-87
|
|
| 2 | 2-3 |
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY I
|
Sources of Alkanes - Natural Gas, Biogas, and Crude Oil
Fractional Distillation of Crude Oil |
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Identify natural sources of alkanes Describe composition of natural gas and biogas Explain crude oil as major source of alkanes Describe biogas digester and its operation Explain fractional distillation process Perform fractional distillation of crude oil Identify different fractions and their uses Relate boiling points to molecular size |
Discussion: Natural gas composition (80% methane). Explanation: Biogas formation from organic waste decomposition. Teacher demonstration: Biogas digester model/diagram. Q/A: Environmental benefits of biogas production.
Experiment: Fractional distillation of crude oil using improvised column. Collect fractions at different temperatures (120°C intervals up to 350°C). Test fractions for appearance, flammability, and viscosity. Record observations and relate to molecular size. |
Biogas digester model/diagram, Natural gas composition charts, Organic waste samples
Crude oil sample, Boiling tubes, High-temperature thermometer, Sand/porcelain chips, Bunsen burner, Test tubes |
KLB Secondary Chemistry Form 3, Pages 86-87
KLB Secondary Chemistry Form 3, Pages 87-89 |
|
| 2 | 4 |
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY I
|
Cracking of Alkanes - Thermal and Catalytic Methods
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Define cracking of alkanes Distinguish between thermal and catalytic cracking Write equations for cracking reactions Explain industrial importance of cracking |
Teacher exposition: Definition and purpose of cracking. Discussion: Thermal vs catalytic cracking conditions. Worked examples: Cracking equations producing smaller alkanes, alkenes, and hydrogen. Q/A: Industrial applications and hydrogen production.
|
Cracking process diagrams, Chemical equation charts, Catalyst samples for demonstration
|
KLB Secondary Chemistry Form 3, Pages 89-90
|
|
| 2 | 5 |
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY I
|
Cracking of Alkanes - Thermal and Catalytic Methods
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Define cracking of alkanes Distinguish between thermal and catalytic cracking Write equations for cracking reactions Explain industrial importance of cracking |
Teacher exposition: Definition and purpose of cracking. Discussion: Thermal vs catalytic cracking conditions. Worked examples: Cracking equations producing smaller alkanes, alkenes, and hydrogen. Q/A: Industrial applications and hydrogen production.
|
Cracking process diagrams, Chemical equation charts, Catalyst samples for demonstration
|
KLB Secondary Chemistry Form 3, Pages 89-90
|
|
| 3 | 1 |
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY I
|
Alkane Series and Homologous Series Concept
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Define homologous series using alkanes Write molecular formulas for first 10 alkanes Identify characteristics of homologous series Apply general formula CₙH₂ₙ₊₂ for alkanes |
Teacher exposition: Homologous series definition and characteristics. Table completion: Names, molecular formulas, and structures of first 10 alkanes. Discussion: General formula application. Pattern recognition: Gradual change in physical properties.
|
Alkane series chart, Molecular formula worksheets, Periodic table
|
KLB Secondary Chemistry Form 3, Pages 90-92
|
|
| 3 | 2-3 |
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY I
|
Nomenclature of Alkanes - Straight Chain and Branched
Isomerism in Alkanes - Structural Isomers |
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Name straight-chain alkanes using IUPAC rules Identify parent chains in branched alkanes Name branched alkanes with substituent groups Apply systematic naming rules correctly Define isomerism in alkanes Draw structural isomers of butane and pentane Distinguish between chain and positional isomerism Predict number of isomers for given alkanes |
Teacher demonstration: Step-by-step naming of branched alkanes. Rules application: Longest chain identification, numbering from nearest branch, substituent naming. Practice exercises: Various branched alkane structures. Group work: Name complex branched alkanes.
Teacher exposition: Isomerism definition and types. Practical exercise: Draw all isomers of butane and pentane. Discussion: Physical property differences between isomers. Model building: Use molecular models to show isomeric structures. |
Structural formula charts, IUPAC naming rules poster, Molecular model kits
Molecular model kits, Isomerism charts, Structural formula worksheets |
KLB Secondary Chemistry Form 3, Pages 90-92
KLB Secondary Chemistry Form 3, Pages 92-94 |
|
| 3 | 4 |
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY I
|
Laboratory Preparation of Methane
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Describe laboratory preparation of methane Perform methane preparation experiment safely Test physical and chemical properties of methane Write equation for methane preparation |
Experiment: Heat mixture of sodium ethanoate and soda lime. Collect methane gas over water. Tests: Color, smell, combustion, reaction with bromine in dark. Record observations in table format. Safety precautions during gas collection.
|
Sodium ethanoate, Soda lime, Round-bottomed flask, Gas collection apparatus, Bromine water, Wooden splints
|
KLB Secondary Chemistry Form 3, Pages 94-96
|
|
| 3 | 5 |
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY I
|
Laboratory Preparation of Ethane
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Prepare ethane using sodium propanoate and soda lime Compare preparation methods of methane and ethane Test properties of ethane gas Write general equation for alkane preparation |
Experiment: Prepare ethane from sodium propanoate and soda lime. Compare with methane preparation method. Carry out similar tests as for methane. Discussion: General pattern for alkane preparation from sodium alkanoates.
|
Sodium propanoate, Soda lime, Gas collection apparatus, Testing materials
|
KLB Secondary Chemistry Form 3, Pages 94-96
|
|
| 4 | 1 |
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY I
|
Physical Properties of Alkanes
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Describe physical properties of alkanes Explain trends in melting and boiling points Relate molecular size to physical properties Compare solubility in different solvents |
Data analysis: Study table of physical properties of first 10 alkanes. Graph plotting: Boiling points vs number of carbon atoms. Discussion: Intermolecular forces and property trends. Q/A: Solubility patterns in polar and non-polar solvents.
|
Physical properties data tables, Graph paper, Calculators, Solubility demonstration materials
|
KLB Secondary Chemistry Form 3, Pages 96-97
|
|
| 4 | 2-3 |
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY I
|
Physical Properties of Alkanes
Chemical Properties of Alkanes - Combustion and Substitution |
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Describe physical properties of alkanes Explain trends in melting and boiling points Relate molecular size to physical properties Compare solubility in different solvents Write equations for complete and incomplete combustion Explain substitution reactions with halogens Describe conditions for halogenation reactions Name halogenated alkane products |
Data analysis: Study table of physical properties of first 10 alkanes. Graph plotting: Boiling points vs number of carbon atoms. Discussion: Intermolecular forces and property trends. Q/A: Solubility patterns in polar and non-polar solvents.
Worked examples: Combustion equations for various alkanes. Teacher demonstration: Methane + bromine in sunlight (or simulation). Discussion: Free radical mechanism in substitution. Practice: Write equations for chlorination of methane. |
Physical properties data tables, Graph paper, Calculators, Solubility demonstration materials
Molecular models, Halogenation reaction charts, Chemical equation worksheets |
KLB Secondary Chemistry Form 3, Pages 96-97
KLB Secondary Chemistry Form 3, Pages 97-98 |
|
| 4 | 4 |
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY I
|
Uses of Alkanes in Industry and Daily Life
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
List major uses of different alkanes Explain industrial applications of alkanes Describe environmental considerations Evaluate economic importance of alkanes |
Discussion: Uses of gaseous alkanes as fuels. Teacher exposition: Industrial applications - carbon black, methanol production, hydrogen source. Q/A: Environmental impact and cleaner fuel initiatives. Assignment: Research local uses of alkane products.
|
Industrial application charts, Product samples, Environmental impact materials
|
KLB Secondary Chemistry Form 3, Pages 98-100
|
|
| 4 | 5 |
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY I
|
Introduction to Alkenes and Functional Groups
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Define alkenes and unsaturation Identify the C=C functional group Write general formula for alkenes (CₙH₂ₙ) Compare alkenes with alkanes |
Teacher exposition: Alkenes definition and unsaturation concept. Introduction: C=C double bond as functional group. Table study: First 6 members of alkene series. Comparison: Alkenes vs alkanes - formulas and structures.
|
Alkene series charts, Molecular models showing double bonds, Functional group posters
|
KLB Secondary Chemistry Form 3, Pages 100-101
|
|
| 5 | 1 |
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY I
|
Nomenclature of Alkenes
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Apply IUPAC rules for naming alkenes Number carbon chains to give lowest numbers to double bonds Name branched alkenes with substituents Distinguish position isomers of alkenes |
Teacher demonstration: Step-by-step naming of alkenes. Rules application: Longest chain with double bond, numbering from end nearest double bond. Practice exercises: Name various alkene structures. Group work: Complex branched alkenes with substituents.
|
IUPAC naming charts for alkenes, Structural formula worksheets, Molecular model kits
|
KLB Secondary Chemistry Form 3, Pages 101-102
|
|
| 5 | 2-3 |
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY I
|
Isomerism in Alkenes - Branching and Positional
Laboratory Preparation of Ethene |
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Draw structural isomers of alkenes Distinguish between branching and positional isomerism Identify geometric isomers in alkenes Predict isomer numbers for given molecular formulas Prepare ethene by dehydration of ethanol Describe role of concentrated sulfuric acid Set up apparatus safely for ethene preparation Test physical and chemical properties of ethene |
Practical exercise: Draw all isomers of butene and pentene. Teacher exposition: Branching vs positional isomerism in alkenes. Model building: Use molecular models for isomer visualization. Discussion: Geometric isomerism introduction (basic level).
Experiment: Dehydration of ethanol using concentrated H₂SO₄ at 170°C. Use sand bath for controlled heating. Pass gas through NaOH to remove impurities. Tests: Bromine water, acidified KMnO₄, combustion. Safety precautions with concentrated acid. |
Molecular model kits, Isomerism worksheets, Geometric isomer models
Ethanol, Concentrated H₂SO₄, Round-bottomed flask, Sand bath, Gas collection apparatus, Testing solutions |
KLB Secondary Chemistry Form 3, Pages 102
KLB Secondary Chemistry Form 3, Pages 102-104 |
|
| 5 | 4 |
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY I
|
Alternative Preparation of Ethene and Physical Properties
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Describe catalytic dehydration using aluminum oxide Compare different preparation methods List physical properties of ethene Explain trends in alkene physical properties |
Demonstration: Alternative method using Al₂O₃ catalyst. Comparison: Acid vs catalytic dehydration methods. Data analysis: Physical properties of alkenes table. Discussion: Property trends with increasing molecular size.
|
Aluminum oxide catalyst, Glass wool, Alternative apparatus setup, Physical properties charts
|
KLB Secondary Chemistry Form 3, Pages 102-104
|
|
| 5 | 5 |
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY I
|
Alternative Preparation of Ethene and Physical Properties
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Describe catalytic dehydration using aluminum oxide Compare different preparation methods List physical properties of ethene Explain trends in alkene physical properties |
Demonstration: Alternative method using Al₂O₃ catalyst. Comparison: Acid vs catalytic dehydration methods. Data analysis: Physical properties of alkenes table. Discussion: Property trends with increasing molecular size.
|
Aluminum oxide catalyst, Glass wool, Alternative apparatus setup, Physical properties charts
|
KLB Secondary Chemistry Form 3, Pages 102-104
|
|
| 6 | 1 |
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY I
|
Chemical Properties of Alkenes - Addition Reactions
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Explain addition reactions due to C=C double bond Write equations for halogenation of alkenes Describe hydrogenation and hydrohalogenation Explain addition mechanism |
Teacher exposition: Addition reactions definition and mechanism. Worked examples: Ethene + Cl₂, Br₂, HBr, H₂. Discussion: Markovnikov's rule for unsymmetrical addition. Practice: Various addition reaction equations.
|
Addition reaction charts, Mechanism diagrams, Chemical equation worksheets
|
KLB Secondary Chemistry Form 3, Pages 105-107
|
|
| 6 | 2-3 |
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY I
|
Oxidation Reactions of Alkenes and Polymerization
Tests for Alkenes and Uses |
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Describe oxidation by KMnO₄ and K₂Cr₂O₇ Explain polymerization of ethene Define monomers and polymers Write equations for polymer formation Perform chemical tests to identify alkenes Use bromine water and KMnO₄ as test reagents List industrial and domestic uses of alkenes Explain importance in plastic manufacture |
Demonstration: Decolorization of KMnO₄ by alkenes. Teacher exposition: Polymerization process and polymer formation. Examples: Ethene → polyethene formation. Discussion: Industrial importance of polymerization. Practice: Write polymerization equations.
Practical session: Test known alkenes with bromine water and acidified KMnO₄. Observe rapid decolorization compared to alkanes. Discussion: Uses in plastics, ethanol production, fruit ripening, detergents. Assignment: Research alkene applications. |
Oxidizing agents for demonstration, Polymer samples, Polymerization charts, Monomer-polymer models
Test alkenes, Bromine water, Acidified KMnO₄, Plastic samples, Uses reference charts |
KLB Secondary Chemistry Form 3, Pages 107-108
KLB Secondary Chemistry Form 3, Pages 108-109 |
|
| 6 | 4 |
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY I
|
Introduction to Alkynes and Triple Bond
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Define alkynes and triple bond structure Write general formula for alkynes (CₙH₂ₙ₋₂) Identify first members of alkyne series Compare degree of unsaturation in hydrocarbons |
Teacher exposition: Alkynes definition and C≡C triple bond. Table study: First 6 members of alkyne series with structures. Discussion: Degrees of unsaturation - alkanes vs alkenes vs alkynes. Model demonstration: Triple bond representation.
|
Alkyne series charts, Triple bond molecular models, Unsaturation comparison charts
|
KLB Secondary Chemistry Form 3, Pages 109-110
|
|
| 6 | 5 |
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY I
|
Nomenclature and Isomerism in Alkynes
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Apply IUPAC naming rules for alkynes Name branched alkynes with substituents Draw structural isomers of alkynes Identify branching and positional isomerism |
Teacher demonstration: Systematic naming of alkynes using -yne suffix. Practice exercises: Name various alkyne structures. Drawing exercise: Isomers of pentyne and hexyne. Group work: Complex branched alkynes with multiple substituents.
|
IUPAC naming rules for alkynes, Structural formula worksheets, Molecular model kits
|
KLB Secondary Chemistry Form 3, Pages 110-111
|
|
| 7 | 1 |
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY I
|
Laboratory Preparation of Ethyne
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Prepare ethyne from calcium carbide and water Set up gas collection apparatus safely Test physical and chemical properties of ethyne Write equation for ethyne preparation |
Experiment: Calcium carbide + water reaction. Use sand layer for heat absorption. Collect ethyne over water. Tests: Color, smell, combustion, bromine water, acidified KMnO₄. Safety: Dry apparatus, controlled water addition.
|
Calcium carbide, Sand, Flat-bottomed flask, Dropping funnel, Gas collection apparatus, Testing solutions
|
KLB Secondary Chemistry Form 3, Pages 111-112
|
|
| 7 | 2-3 |
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY I
|
Laboratory Preparation of Ethyne
Physical and Chemical Properties of Alkynes |
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Prepare ethyne from calcium carbide and water Set up gas collection apparatus safely Test physical and chemical properties of ethyne Write equation for ethyne preparation Describe physical properties of alkynes Compare alkyne properties with alkenes and alkanes Write combustion equations for alkynes Explain addition reactions of alkynes |
Experiment: Calcium carbide + water reaction. Use sand layer for heat absorption. Collect ethyne over water. Tests: Color, smell, combustion, bromine water, acidified KMnO₄. Safety: Dry apparatus, controlled water addition.
Data analysis: Physical properties of alkynes table. Comparison: Alkynes vs alkenes vs alkanes properties. Worked examples: Combustion reactions of ethyne. Teacher exposition: Two-step addition reactions due to triple bond. |
Calcium carbide, Sand, Flat-bottomed flask, Dropping funnel, Gas collection apparatus, Testing solutions
Physical properties charts, Comparison tables, Combustion equation examples |
KLB Secondary Chemistry Form 3, Pages 111-112
KLB Secondary Chemistry Form 3, Pages 112-113 |
|
| 7 | 4 |
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY I
|
Addition Reactions of Alkynes and Chemical Tests
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Write equations for halogenation of alkynes Describe hydrogenation and hydrohalogenation Compare reaction rates: alkynes vs alkenes Perform chemical tests for alkynes |
Worked examples: Two-step addition reactions of ethyne with Br₂, Cl₂, H₂. Discussion: Faster reaction rates in alkynes compared to alkenes. Practical session: Test alkynes with oxidizing agents. Comparison: Rate of decolorization vs alkenes.
|
Addition reaction charts, Chemical equation worksheets, Test solutions, Stopwatch for rate comparison
|
KLB Secondary Chemistry Form 3, Pages 113-115
|
|
| 7 | 5 |
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY I
|
Uses of Alkynes and Industrial Applications
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
List industrial uses of alkynes Explain oxy-acetylene welding applications Describe use in synthetic fiber production Evaluate importance as chemical starting materials |
Discussion: Industrial applications of alkynes in adhesives, plastics, synthetic fibers. Teacher demonstration: Oxy-acetylene flame principles (or video). Q/A: Starting materials for chemical synthesis. Assignment: Research local industrial uses.
|
Industrial application charts, Welding equipment demonstration/video, Synthetic fiber samples
|
KLB Secondary Chemistry Form 3, Pages 115-116
|
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