Natural and Historic Built Environments in Africa

Maps and map work - Position of Africa
Maps and map work - Latitudes and longitudes

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe the position, shape, and size of Africa
- Locate Africa on a world map
- Appreciate Africa's unique geographical features

- Brainstorm on what a map, region, and continent are
- Research the position, shape, and size of Africa
- Study a world map and identify continents neighboring Africa
- Name oceans surrounding Africa
- Compare the size of Africa with other continents
- Discuss the shape of Africa

How are maps used?

Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 77-78
- World map
- Atlas
- Digital resources
Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 78-80
- Maps with grid coordinates

- Observation - Oral questions - Map work

Natural and Historic Built Environments in Africa

Maps and map work - Locating places using coordinates

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Locate places and features on a map using latitudes and longitudes
- Interpret map coordinates
- Show interest in using coordinates for location

- Study a map showing coordinates
- Practice locating points labeled on the map using latitudes and longitudes
- Write down the coordinates for different locations
- Use an atlas to locate countries and features using latitudes and longitudes

How are maps used to locate places accurately?

Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 80-81
- Maps with coordinates
- Atlas
- Digital resources

- Observation - Practical exercises - Written tests

Natural and Historic Built Environments in Africa

Maps and map work - Calculating time
Maps and map work - Time calculations practice

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain why time differs in various locations
- Calculate time differences using longitudes
- Develop critical thinking skills through time calculations

- Read information about time differences and longitude
- Learn that the earth takes 24 hours to make one complete rotation of 360°
- Calculate that 1° equals 4 minutes of time
- Practice time calculations for different locations
- Solve time calculation problems

Why is time different in various locations?

Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 81-82
- Maps showing time zones
- Digital resources
Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 82-83
- Maps showing longitudes
- Atlas

- Observation - Calculation exercises - Written tests

Natural and Historic Built Environments in Africa

Maps and map work - African features
Maps and map work - Appreciation of African features

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify positive features associated with Africa
- Explain the benefits of features found in Africa
- Appreciate Africa's unique geographic features

- Research positive features associated with Africa
- Find out the benefits of the features found in Africa
- Read articles about features like the Great Rift Valley and Lake Victoria
- Discuss and write down findings
- Present findings to the class

What unique geographical features does Africa have?

Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 83-84
- Pictures of African features
- Atlas
- Digital resources
Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 84
- Creative writing materials

- Observation - Oral presentations - Written assignments

Natural and Historic Built Environments in Africa

Earth and the Solar System - Origin of Earth

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe the origin of the earth
- Compare different theories of earth's origin
- Show interest in learning about earth's formation

- Read stories about the origin of earth
- Share stories of the origin of the earth from their communities
- Research how the earth was formed according to different theories (Creation theory, Nebula cloud theory, Passing star theory)
- Compare different theories of earth's origin

Why is it important to understand the solar system?

Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 85-86
- Pictures of the solar system
- Digital resources

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Natural and Historic Built Environments in Africa

Earth and the Solar System - Earth characteristics
Earth and the Solar System - Rotation and revolution

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explore the size, shape, and position of earth in the solar system
- Compare earth with other planets
- Value earth as the home of humankind

- Research the size, shape, and position of the earth in the solar system
- Compare earth's size with other planets
- Study diagrams showing earth's measurements
- Discuss the shape of earth (geoid or oblate spheroid)
- Locate earth's position in the solar system

What makes Earth unique in the solar system?

Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 87-88
- Diagrams of the solar system
- Pictures of planets
- Digital resources
Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 88-89
- Diagrams showing rotation and revolution

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Natural and Historic Built Environments in Africa

Earth and the Solar System - Internal structure

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Illustrate the internal structure of the earth
- Identify the layers of earth's structure
- Show interest in earth's composition

- Research how the layers of the internal structure of the earth are arranged
- Study a diagram showing the internal structure of earth
- Name the layers of earth's structure (crust, mantle, core)
- Draw the internal structure of the earth
- Label all the parts
- Display diagrams in the class learning corner

What is inside the Earth?

Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 90
- Diagrams of earth's structure
- Digital resources
- Art materials

- Observation - Drawing assessment - Written tests

Natural and Historic Built Environments in Africa

Weather - Elements of weather
Weather - Weather instruments construction

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe elements of weather in the environment
- Identify instruments used to measure weather elements
- Value the importance of weather observation

- Study pictures showing elements of weather
- Identify the elements of weather shown in each picture
- List other elements of weather
- Create flash cards showing elements of weather
- Observe weather conditions in the school compound
- Name weather instruments used to measure weather elements

Why are elements of weather in the environment important?

Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 91
- Pictures of weather elements
- Digital resources
Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 92-95
- Materials for constructing instruments

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Natural and Historic Built Environments in Africa

Weather - Weather observation
Weather - Weather significance

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Record and analyze weather data
- Interpret weather patterns
- Value the importance of weather recording

- Observe and identify weather instruments
- Discuss how each instrument works in a weather station
- Study a weather chart showing recordings of temperature and rainfall
- Create a weather recording sheet
- Use instruments to record weather conditions
- Share completed recording sheets for peer review

How can we use weather data?

Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 96-97
- Weather instruments
- Recording charts
- Digital resources
Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 98-99
- Pictures of weather-related activities

- Observation - Data collection - Record keeping assessment

Natural and Historic Built Environments in Africa

Weather - Weather response

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Respond appropriately to different weather conditions
- Explain adaptations to weather changes
- Value the importance of safety during severe weather

- Study pictures showing people in different weather conditions
- Explain what is happening in each picture
- Identify the weather conditions shown
- Discuss how to respond to different weather conditions
- Share personal experiences of responding to weather changes
- Create posters showing appropriate responses to weather conditions

How should we adapt to different weather conditions?

Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 99-100
- Pictures of weather responses
- Digital resources
- Art materials

- Observation - Oral questions - Poster assessment

Natural and Historic Built Environments in Africa

Fieldwork - Data collection methods
Fieldwork - Data collection practice

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define fieldwork and its purpose
- Identify methods of data collection used in fieldwork
- Value the importance of fieldwork in research

- Research the meaning of fieldwork
- Find out methods of data collection used in fieldwork
- Discuss methods of data collection (observation, questionnaires, interviews, group discussions)
- Create a chart showing data collection methods and their uses

Why is fieldwork important in social studies?

Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 101
- Research materials
- Digital resources
Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 102-103
- Data collection tools

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Natural and Historic Built Environments in Africa

Fieldwork - Importance of fieldwork

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the importance of fieldwork
- Identify benefits of fieldwork to learning
- Appreciate the value of firsthand information

- Research the importance of fieldwork
- Discuss the importance of fieldwork with peers
- Read a conversation between students discussing fieldwork benefits
- Identify the importance of fieldwork from the conversation
- Create a poster highlighting the benefits of fieldwork

What are the benefits of fieldwork in learning?

Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 103-104
- Research materials
- Digital resources

- Observation - Oral questions - Poster assessment

Natural and Historic Built Environments in Africa

Fieldwork - Challenges and solutions
Fieldwork - Data analysis methods

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify challenges faced during fieldwork
- Propose solutions to fieldwork challenges
- Show interest in overcoming research difficulties

- Research challenges that one may face during fieldwork
- Study a chart showing challenges during fieldwork
- Discuss the challenges with peers
- Read a conversation about fieldwork challenges and solutions
- Identify challenges and solutions from the conversation
- Create a table of challenges and corresponding solutions

What challenges might arise during fieldwork?

Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 104-105
- Research materials
- Digital resources
Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 105-106
- Sample data sets
- Calculators

- Observation - Group discussions - Written assignments

Natural and Historic Built Environments in Africa

Fieldwork - Valuing fieldwork
Fieldwork - Planning a project

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain how to value fieldwork in investigating phenomena
- Identify the contributions of fieldwork to research
- Show appreciation for fieldwork as a research method

- Discuss the benefits of fieldwork to the immediate environment
- Answer "What value does fieldwork have to the immediate environment?"
- Research how fieldwork contributes to environmental awareness
- Create a summary of how to value fieldwork in investigating the environment
- Share work with classmates

How does fieldwork contribute to environmental awareness?

Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 107
- Research materials
- Digital resources
- Planning templates

- Observation - Oral presentations - Written assignments

Natural and Historic Built Environments in Africa

Fieldwork - Conducting fieldwork

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Conduct fieldwork on an environmental topic
- Apply data collection methods
- Show respect during the fieldwork process

- Carry out fieldwork on the chosen topic within the school locality
- Focus on environmental issues
- Use appropriate methods of data collection
- Document the fieldwork process
- Show respect throughout the process

How can we collect data effectively during fieldwork?

Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 107-108
- Data collection tools
- Notebooks
- Digital resources

- Observation - Fieldwork process - Documentation assessment

Natural and Historic Built Environments in Africa

Fieldwork - Data analysis and presentation
Fieldwork - Report writing

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Analyze data collected during fieldwork
- Present findings in appropriate formats
- Value the importance of accurate analysis

- Use methods of data analysis to analyze collected data
- Organize data in tables, charts, or graphs
- Interpret patterns and trends in the data
- Prepare presentations of the findings
- Share findings with classmates for peer assessment

How should we analyze and present fieldwork data?

Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 108
- Collected data
- Analysis tools
- Presentation materials
- Report templates
- Writing materials
- Digital resources

- Observation - Analysis accuracy - Presentation skills

Natural and Historic Built Environments in Africa

Fieldwork - Project presentation

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Present fieldwork findings effectively
- Respond to questions about the project
- Value the importance of sharing research findings

- Prepare final presentations of fieldwork projects
- Present findings to the class using visual aids
- Answer questions from peers and teacher
- Provide constructive feedback on other presentations
- Reflect on the fieldwork experience

How can we effectively communicate fieldwork findings?

Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 108
- Presentation materials
- Visual aids
- Digital resources

- Observation - Presentation skills - Peer assessment

Political Development and Governance

Political Development in Africa up to 1900 - Political organization
Political Development in Africa up to 1900 - Scramble for Africa

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Examine the political organization of selected African communities up to 1900
- Compare political systems of different communities
- Appreciate diverse political structures

- Brainstorm the political organization of the Ogiek, the Zulu, and the Asante up to 1900
- Discuss the various European groups that came to Africa
- Present findings to the class
- Create charts showing political organizations of selected communities

How were African communities politically organized before the coming of the Europeans?

Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 109
- Reference materials
- Digital resources
Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 109-110

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Political Development and Governance

Political Development in Africa up to 1900 - European roles
Political Development in Africa up to 1900 - Berlin Conference

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explore roles of European groups in the "Scramble for and Partition" of Africa
- Identify European powers and their territories
- Show interest in colonial history

- Research the roles of European groups in the "Scramble for and Partition of Africa"
- Study a chart showing European groups and their roles
- Create a chart showing European groups and their roles in Africa
- Share work with peers for feedback

What motivated European powers to colonize Africa?

Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 110-112
- Chart materials
- Digital resources
- Reference books
Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 112-113
- Poster materials

- Observation - Chart assessment - Written assignments

Political Development and Governance

Political Development in Africa up to 1900 - Colonial territories

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Locate the regions of partition by the European groups
- Identify colonial territories in Africa
- Show interest in African colonial geography

- Study a map showing the partition of Africa by European powers
- Identify which European power had the most colonies
- Identify which European power had the least colonies
- Identify countries in Africa that were not colonized
- Fill in a table matching European powers with their African colonies

How was Africa divided among European powers?

Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 113-114
- Map of colonial Africa
- Atlas
- Digital resources

- Observation - Map work - Written assignments

Political Development and Governance

The Constitution of Kenya - Importance
The Constitution of Kenya - Upholding the constitution

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define what a constitution is
- Explain the importance of the Constitution of Kenya
- Value the role of the constitution in governance

- Research the meaning of the Constitution of Kenya
- Research the importance of the Constitution of Kenya
- Write an essay on the importance of the Constitution
- Read dialogues about the importance of the constitution
- Identify important points from the dialogue

Why should a country have a constitution?

Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 118-119
- Constitution of Kenya
- Digital resources
- Reference materials
Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 119-120
- Poster materials

- Observation - Essay assessment - Oral questions

Political Development and Governance

The Constitution of Kenya - Promulgation

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the promulgation of the Constitution of Kenya
- Describe the process of constitutional development
- Value the importance of the constitutional process

- Watch a video on promulgation of the Constitution of Kenya
- Discuss the meaning of promulgation
- Identify when the Constitution of Kenya was promulgated
- Research steps followed during promulgation
- Read a newspaper extract about the constitution

How was the Constitution of Kenya developed?

Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 121
- Video resources
- Constitution of Kenya
- Digital resources

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Political Development and Governance

The Constitution of Kenya - National values
The Constitution of Kenya - Applying national values

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify national values in the Constitution of Kenya
- Explain the importance of national values
- Appreciate the role of values in governance

- Research national values provided in the Constitution of Kenya
- Complete a crossword puzzle containing Kenyan national values
- Complete a table explaining national values
- Discuss the importance of national values
- Create posters highlighting national values

How do national values promote good governance?

Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 122-123
- Constitution of Kenya
- Digital resources
- Poster materials
Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 123-125
- Song materials

- Observation - Puzzle completion - Written assignments

Political Development and Governance

Human Rights - Classification
Human Rights - Characteristics

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define human rights
- Classify human rights as stipulated in human rights instruments
- Value human rights in society

- Research the concept of human rights
- Research the classification of human rights
- Provide examples for each classification
- Share findings with the class
- Create posters showing human rights classifications

Why is it important to know our rights?

Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 126-128
- Human rights documents
- Digital resources
- Reference materials
Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 128-129
- Art materials

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Political Development and Governance

Human Rights - Equity and non-discrimination

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the concept of equity and non-discrimination
- Identify examples of equity in society
- Value fair treatment of all people

- Study pictures showing examples of equity
- Discuss observations about equity and non-discrimination
- Read a story about equity and discuss its message
- Read a poem about non-discrimination and discuss its message
- Discuss benefits of equity and non-discrimination

How can we promote equity and non-discrimination in society?

Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 130-132
- Pictures showing equity
- Digital resources
- Reference materials

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Political Development and Governance

Human Rights - Promoting equity
Human Rights - Valuing human rights

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify ways of promoting equity and non-discrimination
- Create materials advocating for equity
- Show commitment to promoting equality

- Research ways of promoting equity and non-discrimination
- Study posters showing ways to promote equity
- Create posters on equity and non-discrimination
- Display posters within the school environment
- Organize a "Peaceful Walk" to educate the community

How can we take action to promote equity and non-discrimination?

Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 132-134
- Poster materials
- Digital resources
- Reference materials
Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 134-135
- Human rights documents

- Observation - Poster assessment - Participation assessment

Political Development and Governance

African Diasporas - Concept

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the concept of African Diasporas
- Identify key characteristics of diasporas
- Show interest in diaspora communities

- Research the concept of African Diasporas
- Read messages about African Diasporas from African Union documents
- Compare research findings with the messages
- Read articles about African Diasporas
- Discuss the concept with peers

How can we promote collaboration between continental Africans and African Diasporas?

Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 138-139
- Digital resources
- Reference materials

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Political Development and Governance

African Diasporas - Contributing factors
African Diasporas - Geographic locations

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify factors that contributed to African Diasporas
- Explain historical and modern diaspora movements
- Show interest in diaspora history

- Read articles about factors contributing to African Diasporas
- Identify factors that contributed to the presence of African Diasporas
- Study profiles of diaspora individuals
- Identify factors that led to their diaspora status
- Create a mind map of diaspora contributing factors

What factors led to the formation of African Diasporas?

Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 139-140
- Digital resources
- Reference materials
Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 140-141
- World maps
- Atlas

- Observation - Mind map assessment - Written assignments

Political Development and Governance

African Diasporas - Political development
African Diasporas - Promoting unity

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Assess the role of diasporas in political development in Africa
- Identify ways diasporas influence African politics
- Value diaspora contributions

- Research the role of African diasporas in political development in Africa
- Watch videos on diaspora contributions to African politics
- Debate on "African Diasporas have supported political development in Africa"
- Study a researcher's notes on diaspora contributions
- Create posters highlighting diaspora contributions

How have African Diasporas influenced political development in Africa?

Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 141-142
- Digital resources
- Reference materials
- Debate materials
Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 142-143
- Manila papers
- Art materials

- Observation - Debate assessment - Written assignments

Political Development and Governance

Citizenship - Interconnectedness

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain interconnectedness among countries
- Identify ways countries connect and depend on each other
- Value global interconnectedness

- Study images showing connections between countries
- Identify how people in different countries are connected
- Discuss a billboard message about interconnectedness
- Read articles about connections between countries
- Create a mind map showing ways countries are interconnected

How do countries connect and depend on each other in the world today?

Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 144-145
- Digital resources
- Reference materials

- Observation - Mind map assessment - Oral questions

Political Development and Governance

Citizenship - Globalization effects
Citizenship - Global citizen qualities

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define globalization
- Examine effects of globalization at national and global levels
- Show interest in global connections

- Research the meaning of globalization and its effects
- Study a poster showing effects of globalization
- Categorize effects as positive or negative
- Create a wheel diagram showing effects of globalization
- Display the wheel at the Social Studies corner

Which are the common concerns in the world today?

Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 145-147
- Digital resources
- Reference materials
- Art materials
Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 147-149
- Poster materials

- Observation - Wheel assessment - Written assignments

Political Development and Governance

Citizenship - International contribution

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain ways of contributing to the international community
- Identify actions that maintain national loyalty while being global
- Value balanced global and national citizenship

- Research ways of contributing to the international community while maintaining loyalty to own country
- Read poems about balanced citizenship
- Study messages related to international contributions
- Discuss ways of contributing internationally while maintaining national loyalty
- Compose songs or poems on balanced citizenship

How can we contribute to the international community while maintaining loyalty to our country?

Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 149-151
- Digital resources
- Reference materials
- Creative materials

- Observation - Creative work assessment - Oral questions