Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Structure of the atom - General structure.
Structure of the atom - Meaning of an atom
Structure of the atom - Atomic number

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe the general structure of an atom
- Identify the subatomic particles in an atom
- Show interest in exploring the structure of atoms

- Explain the meaning of an atom
- Describe the characteristics of subatomic particles in an atom
- Appreciate the importance of understanding atomic structure

- Observe a diagram showing the structure of an atom
- Discuss in groups the general structure of atoms
- Identify the particles shown in the atom
- Discuss in groups and find out the meaning of an atom
- Research on the differences between subatomic particles
- Share findings with classmates

How is the structure of the atom important?

- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 1)
- Charts showing structure of an atom
- Digital resources
- Models of atoms
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 2)
- Digital resources
- Charts showing structure of atoms
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 3)
- Periodic table
- Charts

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Structure of the atom - Mass number
Structure of the atom - Representation of elements
Structure of the atom - Energy levels

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define mass number of elements
- Calculate the mass number of given elements
- Show interest in determining mass numbers of elements

- Complete a table to determine mass numbers of different elements
- Calculate mass numbers using protons and neutrons
- Work out mass numbers for various elements

How is the structure of the atom important?

- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 4)
- Periodic table
- Digital resources
- Charts showing atomic structure
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 5)
- Charts
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 6)
- Charts showing energy levels
- Models

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Structure of the atom - Electron arrangement
Structure of the atom - Electron arrangements of elements

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe electron arrangement in atoms
- Draw electron arrangement diagrams for different elements
- Show interest in understanding electron configurations

- Search for information on electron arrangement of elements
- Discuss the organization of electrons in energy levels
- Draw electron arrangement diagrams for various elements

How is the structure of the atom important?

- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 6)
- Digital resources
- Charts showing electron arrangements
- Models
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 7)

- Observation - Practical work - Written assignments

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Structure of the atom - Energy level diagrams
Structure of the atom - Electron arrangement practice

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Interpret energy level diagrams
- Draw energy level diagrams for different elements
- Show interest in representing atomic structures

- Study energy level diagrams in the course book
- Practice drawing energy level diagrams
- Discuss the meaning of energy level diagrams

How is the structure of the atom important?

- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 7)
- Digital resources
- Charts showing energy level diagrams
- Models
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 8)
- Periodic table
- Exercise sheets

- Observation - Practical work - Written assignments

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Structure of the atom - Modelling structures
Structure of the atom - Metals and non-metals identification
Structure of the atom - Metals and non-metals classification
Structure of the atom - Assessment
Metals and Alloys - Identifying metals

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Create models of atomic structures
- Identify suitable materials for modelling atomic structures
- Show creativity in making models of atomic structures

- Draw atomic structures accurately
- Solve problems related to atomic structure
- Show confidence in applying knowledge of atomic structure

- Observe different models of atomic structures
- Identify materials for modelling atoms
- Create models of atomic structures in groups
- Answer assessment questions on atomic structure
- Complete model drawing activities
- Solve problems related to electron arrangement

How is the structure of the atom important?

- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 8)
- Locally available materials
- Digital resources
- Sample models
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 9)
- Periodic table
- Charts showing electron arrangements
- Charts showing classification of elements
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 10)
- Assessment items
- Digital resources
- Models
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 15)
- Samples of metallic and non-metallic items
- Pictures

- Observation - Project work - Peer assessment
- Written tests - Practical assessment - Observation

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Metals and Alloys - Classification of materials
Metals and Alloys - Physical properties (state)
Metals and Alloys - Malleability

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Classify different materials into metals and non-metals
- Explain reasons for classification based on observable properties
- Show interest in materials in the environment

- Walk around the school compound to observe materials
- Classify observed materials as metallic or non-metallic
- Record findings and share with classmates

How are alloys important in day-to-day life?

- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 15)
- Samples of different materials
- Digital resources
- Worksheets
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 16)
- Samples of different metals
- Charts
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 17)
- Hammer or mallet
- Safety equipment

- Observation - Field activity - Written reports

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Metals and Alloys - Ductility
Metals and Alloys - Electrical conductivity

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Investigate the ductility of different metals
- Explain the property of ductility in metals
- Value safety when investigating metal properties

- Carry out an investigation on ductility of different metals
- Record observations when metals are stretched
- Compare the ductility of different metals

How are alloys important in day-to-day life?

- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 17)
- Metal wires
- Pliers
- Safety equipment
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 18)
- Simple circuit components
- Metal samples
- Digital resources

- Observation - Practical work - Written reports

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Metals and Alloys - Thermal conductivity
Metals and Alloys - Causes of rusting

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Investigate the thermal conductivity of different metals
- Explain why metals conduct heat
- Observe safety measures when using heat sources

- Set up experiments to test thermal conductivity
- Record observations on how different metals conduct heat
- Compare the thermal conductivity of different metals

How are alloys important in day-to-day life?

- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 19)
- Metal samples
- Heat source
- Candle wax or cooking fat
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 20)
- Iron nails
- Test tubes
- Water and oil
- Digital resources

- Observation - Practical work - Written reports

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Metals and Alloys - Effects of rusting
Metals and Alloys - Control of rusting
Metals and Alloys - Investigating rusting
Metals and Alloys - Uses of metals
Metals and Alloys - Identifying alloys

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify effects of rusting on metal items
- Explain how rusting affects the usefulness of metals
- Show concern about effects of rusting in the environment

- Identify uses of various metals in everyday life
- Match metals to their appropriate uses
- Appreciate the importance of metals in daily life

- Observe pictures of rusted items
- Discuss effects of rusting on different items
- Walk around to observe effects of rusting on items
- Search for information on uses of metals
- Discuss uses of different metals in daily life
- Match metals to their uses

How are alloys important in day-to-day life?

- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 21)
- Pictures of rusted items
- Actual rusted items
- Digital resources
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 22)
- Items with rust prevention
- Pictures
- Camera (if available)
- Observation sheets
- Rusted items
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 23)
- Digital resources
- Pictures showing uses of metals
- Charts
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 24)
- Samples of items made from alloys
- Pictures

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments
- Observation - Oral presentations - Written assignments

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Metals and Alloys - Alloys in locality
Metals and Alloys - Composition of alloys
Metals and Alloys - Uses of alloys

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Collect items made from alloys in the locality
- Identify the alloys used to make different items
- Appreciate the use of alloys in everyday items

- Walk around school to identify items made from alloys
- Collect or take photographs of items made from alloys
- Discuss why the items are made from alloys

How are alloys important in day-to-day life?

- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 24)
- Items made from alloys
- Camera (if available)
- Digital resources
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 25)
- Pictures of different alloys
- Charts
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 26)
- Pictures showing uses of alloys

- Observation - Field activity - Project work

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Metals and Alloys - Observing alloy uses
Metals and Alloys - Assessment

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Observe uses of alloys in the locality
- Explain advantages of using alloys for specific purposes
- Show interest in applications of alloys

- Walk around the school or locality to observe uses of alloys
- Record observations on uses of alloys
- Discuss findings with classmates

How are alloys important in day-to-day life?

- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 27)
- Observation sheets
- Items made from alloys
- Digital resources
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 32)
- Assessment items
- Samples of metals and alloys

- Observation - Field activity - Written reports

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Water hardness - Physical properties
Water hardness - Water sources
Water hardness - Colour and odour

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Collect water samples from different sources
- Compare water from different sources
- Appreciate the variety of water sources in the locality

- Tour the locality to observe water sources
- Collect water samples from different sources
- Compare water samples in terms of appearance, odor, taste and boiling point

Why is hard water preferred for drinking?

- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 33)
- Water samples from different sources
- Containers for samples
- Charts
- Water samples
- Digital resources
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 34)
- Clear containers
- White paper

- Observation - Practical work - Written reports

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Water hardness - Investigating color and odor
Water hardness - Boiling point
Water hardness - Hard and soft water
Water hardness - Differences

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Investigate the color and odor of different water samples
- Record observations on water characteristics
- Appreciate the importance of clean water

- Distinguish between hard and soft water
- Explain the difference in lathering ability
- Show interest in investigating water properties

- Carry out experiments to test color and odor of water samples
- Record observations in a table
- Draw conclusions about water quality based on observations
- Compare lathering of soap in different water samples
- Distinguish between hard and soft water based on lathering
- Discuss differences between hard and soft water

Why is hard water preferred for drinking?

- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 34)
- Water samples
- Clear containers
- White paper
- Worksheets
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 35)
- Thermometer
- Heat source
- Beaker
- Water
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 36)
- Soap
- Water samples
- Beakers
- Digital resources
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 37)
- Charts

- Observation - Practical work - Written reports
- Observation - Practical work - Oral questions

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Water hardness - Advantages of soft water
Water hardness - Hard water advantages
Water hardness - Methods of softening

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify advantages of soft water
- Debate on uses of soft water
- Appreciate the value of soft water in certain applications

- Debate on advantages of soft water
- Discuss benefits of using soft water for cleaning
- Research advantages of soft water

Why is hard water preferred for drinking?

- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 38)
- Digital resources
- Charts
- Debate materials
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 39)
- Research materials
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 40)
- Water samples

- Observation - Debate assessment - Written assignments

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Water hardness - Boiling method
Water hardness - Chemical method

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Demonstrate how to soften hard water by boiling
- Explain how boiling removes hardness
- Observe safety measures when using heat sources

- Carry out experiment to soften hard water by boiling
- Test lathering ability of water before and after boiling
- Explain observations from the experiment

Why is hard water preferred for drinking?

- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 41)
- Hard water samples
- Heat source
- Beakers
- Soap
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 42)
- Washing soda

- Observation - Practical work - Written reports

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Water hardness - Distillation method
Water hardness - Applications

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Demonstrate how to soften hard water by distillation
- Explain how distillation removes hardness
- Observe safety measures during distillation

- Set up distillation apparatus
- Distill hard water and test the distillate
- Compare properties of hard water and distilled water

Why is hard water preferred for drinking?

- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 44)
- Distillation apparatus
- Hard water samples
- Heat source
- Soap
- Mentor Integrated Science (pg. 45)
- Digital resources
- Charts
- Pictures of water applications

- Observation - Practical work - Written reports