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SCHEME OF WORK
Social Studies
Grade 9 2026
TERM I
School


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WK LSN STRAND SUB-STRAND LESSON LEARNING OUTCOMES LEARNING EXPERIENCES KEY INQUIRY QUESTIONS LEARNING RESOURCES ASSESSMENT METHODS REFLECTION
2 1
Social Studies and Career Development
Pathway Choices - Understanding career pathways
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the meaning of a career path
- Identify different pathways available at senior school
- Appreciate the importance of early career planning
- Brainstorm the meaning of career path
- Write answers and share with peers
- Discuss factors to consider in the selection of a pathway
What do you understand by the term career path?
- KLB Social Studies Grade 9 (pg. 1)
- Digital resources
- Charts showing career pathways
- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments
2 2
Social Studies and Career Development
Pathway Choices - Factors for selection
Pathway Choices - Social Sciences pathway requirements
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify factors to consider when selecting a pathway
- Evaluate the importance of interests and skills in career selection
- Show commitment to personal values in pathway selection
- Engage with a resource person discussing factors to consider when selecting a pathway
- Use digital or print resources to research on factors
- Discuss findings in groups
Why is it important to consider various factors when selecting a career pathway?
- KLB Social Studies Grade 9 (pg. 3)
- Digital resources
- Resource person
- KLB Social Studies Grade 9 (pg. 4)
- Charts on pathway requirements
- Observation - Group discussions - Written exercises
2 3
Social Studies and Career Development
Pathway Choices - Choosing tracks within pathways
Pre-career Support Systems - Understanding support systems
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Choose a possible track within a pathway at senior school
- Analyze how tracks align with personal interests and strengths
- Demonstrate willingness to explore different tracks
- Role-play conversations about choosing tracks
- Journal possible tracks for academic growth
- Engage in discussions with parents/guardians about pathway tracks
How can we choose the right track within our preferred pathway?
- KLB Social Studies Grade 9 (pg. 6)
- Learning journals
- Digital resources
- KLB Social Studies Grade 9 (pg. 9)
- Digital resources
- Print resources
- Observation - Role-play assessment - Journals
2 4
Social Studies and Career Development
Pre-career Support Systems - Pre-career mapping
Pre-career Support Systems - Using support systems
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the significance of pre-career mapping for individual growth
- Identify steps in pre-career mapping
- Value planning in career development
- Use digital or print resources to research on pre-career mapping
- Discuss the significance of pre-career mapping
- Create personal pre-career maps
How can pre-career mapping contribute to individual growth?
- KLB Social Studies Grade 9 (pg. 11)
- Digital resources
- Career mapping templates
- KLB Social Studies Grade 9 (pg. 13)
- School clubs and societies
- Resource persons
- Observation - Project work - Personal maps assessment
3 1
Social Studies and Career Development
Community Service-Learning
Community Service-Learning
Pre-career Support Systems - Challenges and solutions
Community Service-Learning Project - Problem identification
Community Service-Learning Project - Problem statement
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Design solutions to challenges arising from use of support systems
- Identify common challenges in using support systems
- Show resilience when facing challenges in career development
- Brainstorm on challenges arising from use of support systems
- Research on solutions to identified challenges
- Complete a table on challenges and their solutions
How can we overcome challenges in using support systems?
- KLB Social Studies Grade 9 (pg. 17)
- Digital resources
- Case studies
- KLB Social Studies Grade 9 (pg. 20)
- Community resources
- KLB Social Studies Grade 9 (pg. 22)
- Problem statement templates
- Observation - Written exercises - Problem-solving tasks
3 2
Community Service-Learning
Community Service-Learning Project - Designing solutions
Community Service-Learning Project - Implementation planning
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Design a solution to the identified problem
- Analyze different possible solutions to the problem
- Show creativity in designing solutions
- Search, discuss and agree on an appropriate solution/way forward to address the identified problem
- Note down the recommended/proposed solution
- Research on possible solutions to the problem
What makes an effective solution to a community problem?
- KLB Social Studies Grade 9 (pg. 23)
- Digital resources
- Case studies
- KLB Social Studies Grade 9 (pg. 24)
- Planning templates
- Digital resources
- Observation - Project proposals - Oral presentations
3 3
Community Service-Learning
Community Service-Learning Project - Resource mobilization
Community Service-Learning Project - Implementation
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Mobilize resources needed for project implementation
- Identify potential sources of project resources
- Value effective resource management
- Identify resources needed for the project
- Mobilize resources needed to create their intervention
- Develop a resource mobilization strategy
How can we effectively mobilize resources for our project?
- KLB Social Studies Grade 9 (pg. 26)
- Digital resources
- Resource planning templates
- KLB Social Studies Grade 9 (pg. 28)
- Project materials
- Observation - Resource plans - Oral presentations
3 4
Community Service-Learning
People and Relationships
Community Service-Learning Project - Showcasing/Exhibition
Community Service-Learning Project - Reflection and reporting
Socio-Economic Practices of Early Humans - Introduction
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Showcase project outcomes to the community
- Present project achievements effectively
- Demonstrate pride in project accomplishments
- Organize exhibition or sharing of project outcomes
- Showcase learners' project items to the community
- Gather feedback from community members
How can we effectively share our project outcomes with the community?
- KLB Social Studies Grade 9 (pg. 30)
- Project artifacts
- Presentation materials
- KLB Social Studies Grade 9 (pg. 33)
- Digital resources
- Report templates
- KLB Social Studies Grade 9 (pg. 35)
- Print materials
- Observation - Exhibition assessment - Feedback analysis
4 1
People and Relationships
Socio-Economic Practices of Early Humans - Early Stone Age
Socio-Economic Practices of Early Humans - Middle Stone Age
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe socio-economic practices during Early Stone Age
- Identify food acquisition methods of early humans
- Appreciate early human adaptations for survival
- Research on socio-economic practices during Early Stone Age
- Match items with explanations on socio-economic activities
- Discuss findings in groups
What were the survival strategies of early humans during the Early Stone Age?
- KLB Social Studies Grade 9 (pg. 37)
- Digital resources
- Matching activity materials
- KLB Social Studies Grade 9 (pg. 38)
- Reading materials
- Observation - Matching exercises - Group discussions
4 2
People and Relationships
Socio-Economic Practices of Early Humans - Late Stone Age
Socio-Economic Practices of Early Humans - Stone Age tools
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe socio-economic practices during Late Stone Age
- Analyze the development of agriculture and domestication
- Appreciate the beginnings of structured society
- Read passages on socio-economic practices of Late Stone Age
- Identify key developments during this period
- Discuss the transition to agriculture and settled life
How did the transition to agriculture change human society?
- KLB Social Studies Grade 9 (pg. 39)
- Digital resources
- Reading materials
- KLB Social Studies Grade 9 (pg. 40)
- Images of Stone Age tools
- Observation - Reading comprehension - Written assignments
4 3
People and Relationships
Socio-Economic Practices of Early Humans - Relevance to modern society
Indigenous Knowledge Systems in African Societies - Introduction
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Debate on the relevance of socio-economic practices to modern society
- Analyze the impact of Stone Age innovations on present day technology
- Recognize socio-economic practices of early humans
- Organize debate on relevance of socio-economic practices
- Research on Africa as birthplace of human technology
- Watch documentaries on human technology development
What technological innovations from the Stone Age are still relevant today?
- KLB Social Studies Grade 9 (pg. 42)
- Digital resources
- Documentary videos
- KLB Social Studies Grade 9 (pg. 43)
- Print materials
- Observation - Debate assessment - Oral presentations
4 4
People and Relationships
Indigenous Knowledge Systems in African Societies - Types of knowledge systems
Indigenous Knowledge Systems in African Societies - Agriculture and medicine
Indigenous Knowledge Systems in African Societies - Sustainability of life
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify types of indigenous knowledge systems in African societies
- Categorize different indigenous knowledge systems
- Appreciate diversity in indigenous knowledge
- Study pictures showing indigenous knowledge systems
- Identify indigenous knowledge systems in the community
- Complete exercises on types of indigenous knowledge systems
What types of indigenous knowledge systems exist in your community?
- KLB Social Studies Grade 9 (pg. 44)
- Digital resources
- Pictures of indigenous practices
- KLB Social Studies Grade 9 (pg. 45)
- Reading materials
- KLB Social Studies Grade 9 (pg. 46)
- Story materials
- Observation - Picture analysis - Written exercises
5 1
People and Relationships
Indigenous Knowledge Systems in African Societies - Modern applications
Indigenous Knowledge Systems in African Societies - Project work
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Use indigenous and modern knowledge systems for decision making
- Apply relevant traditional knowledge in modern contexts
- Appreciate integration of traditional and modern knowledge
- Research on combining indigenous and modern knowledge
- Role-play scenarios showing application of knowledge systems
- Discuss findings in groups
How can indigenous knowledge be integrated with modern systems?
- KLB Social Studies Grade 9 (pg. 47)
- Digital resources
- Role-play scenarios
- KLB Social Studies Grade 9 (pg. 48)
- Project materials
- Observation - Role-play assessment - Group discussion
5 2
People and Relationships
Indigenous Knowledge Systems in African Societies - Debate
Indigenous Knowledge Systems in African Societies - Appreciation
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Debate on the use of indigenous knowledge systems
- Present arguments clearly and logically
- Respect diverse viewpoints on indigenous knowledge
- Organize a debate on indigenous knowledge systems
- Prepare points for proposing or opposing sides
- Present arguments during the debate
What is the relevance of indigenous knowledge systems in modern society?
- KLB Social Studies Grade 9 (pg. 49)
- Debate materials
- Research materials
- KLB Social Studies Grade 9 (pg. 50)
- Display materials
- Pictures of indigenous practices
- Observation - Debate assessment - Peer evaluation
5 3
People and Relationships
Poverty Reduction - Understanding poverty
Poverty Reduction - Causes of poverty
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain causes of poverty in Africa
- Identify evidence of poverty in communities
- Show concern for poverty reduction in society
- Study pictures showing evidence of poverty
- Identify causes of poverty in Africa
- Discuss factors contributing to poverty
What are the measures taken by African governments to reduce poverty?
- KLB Social Studies Grade 9 (pg. 51)
- Digital resources
- Pictures showing poverty
- KLB Social Studies Grade 9 (pg. 52)
- Charts on poverty causes
- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments
5 4
People and Relationships
Poverty Reduction - Effects of overexploitation
Poverty Reduction - Creative solutions
Poverty Reduction - Resource person
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Examine effects of overexploitation of natural resources
- Analyze how resource exploitation contributes to poverty
- Show concern for sustainable resource use
- Study pictures showing effects of overexploitation
- Read passages on effects of overexploitation
- Complete tables on resources and poverty effects
How does prudent utilization of resources help to reduce poverty in the society?
- KLB Social Studies Grade 9 (pg. 54)
- Digital resources
- Reading materials
- KLB Social Studies Grade 9 (pg. 56)
- Case studies of successful initiatives
- KLB Social Studies Grade 9 (pg. 58)
- Resource person
- Note-taking materials
- Observation - Table completion - Written exercises
6 1
People and Relationships
Natural and Historic Built Environments
Poverty Reduction - Sustainable resource use
Topographical Maps - Human activities on topographical maps
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Recognize contribution of poverty reduction strategies
- Compose poems on sustainable use of resources
- Value sustainable use of resources
- Recite poems on sustainable use of resources
- Create posters on sustainable resource use
- Display posters on resource sustainability
How can sustainable resource use contribute to poverty reduction?
- KLB Social Studies Grade 9 (pg. 59)
- Art materials
- Digital resources
- KLB Top Scholar Social Studies (pg. 96)
- Print resources
- Topographical maps
- Charts
- Observation - Poem assessment - Poster evaluation
6 2
Natural and Historic Built Environments
Topographical Maps - Mining and transportation representation
Topographical Maps - Agricultural and tourism activities
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify the symbols used to represent mining and transportation on topographical maps
- Interpret mining and transportation activities from topographical maps
- Value the economic importance of these activities shown on maps
- Study various topographical maps showing mining sites and transport networks
- Identify symbols used to represent mining and transportation on maps
- Match human activities with their evidence as portrayed on topographical maps
- Discuss the economic importance of these activities
How are mining and transportation activities represented on topographical maps?
- KLB Top Scholar Social Studies (pg. 98)
- Topographical maps
- Digital resources
- Charts showing map symbols
- KLB Top Scholar Social Studies (pg. 100)
- Charts showing agricultural and tourism symbols
- Observation - Oral questions - Matching exercises - Written assignments
6 3
Natural and Historic Built Environments
Topographical Maps - Processing and trade
Topographical Maps - Enlarging parts of maps
Topographical Maps - Reducing parts of maps
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify symbols used to represent processing industries and trade on topographical maps
- Interpret processing and trade features from topographical maps
- Value the economic importance of processing industries and trade shown on maps
- Study topographical maps showing processing and trade features
- Identify symbols used to represent factories, markets and shops
- Draw and label symbols for processing industries and trade centers
- Discuss economic importance of these features shown on maps
How are processing industries and trade centers represented on topographical maps?
- KLB Top Scholar Social Studies (pg. 102)
- Topographical maps
- Digital resources
- Chart showing industrial symbols
- KLB Top Scholar Social Studies (pg. 104)
- Drawing materials
- Graph papers
- Rulers
- KLB Top Scholar Social Studies (pg. 106)
- Observation - Oral questions - Drawing and labeling exercises - Written assignments
6 4
Natural and Historic Built Environments
Topographical Maps - Drawing cross-sections
Topographical Maps - Human activities in cross-sections
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the concept of cross-sections from topographical maps
- Illustrate cross-sections from topographical maps
- Show interest in drawing cross-sections from topographical maps
- Demonstrate the process of drawing cross-sections from topographical maps
- Identify contour lines and understand their significance for cross-sections
- Practice drawing cross-sections from topographical maps
- Present their cross-sections for peer assessment
Why is it important to draw cross-sections from topographical maps?
- KLB Top Scholar Social Studies (pg. 110)
- Topographical maps
- Drawing materials
- Graph papers
- Rulers
- KLB Top Scholar Social Studies (pg. 112)
- Sample cross-sections
- Observation - Practical assessment - Peer assessment - Portfolio assessment
7 1
Natural and Historic Built Environments
Internal Land Forming Processes - Types and causes of earth movements
Internal Land Forming Processes - Types of faults
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explore the types of earth movements in the environment
- Identify causes of earth movements in the environment
- Appreciate the dynamic nature of the earth's crust
- Brainstorm on the types and causes of earth movements
- Use digital or print resources to research on types of earth movements in the environment
- Discuss findings on types and causes of earth movements and present in class
How do landforms influence human activities?
- KLB Top Scholar Social Studies (pg. 114)
- Digital resources
- Print resources
- Charts
- Pictures on earth movements
- KLB Top Scholar Social Studies (pg. 118)
- Library resources
- Charts showing different types of faults
- Diagrams
- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments - Presentations
7 2
Natural and Historic Built Environments
Internal Land Forming Processes - Continental drift theory
Internal Land Forming Processes - Plate tectonics theory
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the theory of continental drift
- Describe the evidence supporting continental drift theory
- Develop interest in theories explaining earth's formation
- Use digital or print resources to research on the theory of continental drift
- Make short notes on continental drift theory
- Discuss evidence supporting the continental drift theory
- Use diagrams to illustrate continental drift theory
How does the theory of continental drift explain the formation of continents?
- KLB Top Scholar Social Studies (pg. 122)
- Digital resources
- Print resources
- World maps
- Charts showing continental drift
- KLB Top Scholar Social Studies (pg. 126)
- Charts showing plate tectonics
- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments - Diagram interpretation
7 3
Natural and Historic Built Environments
Internal Land Forming Processes - Features formed by faulting
Internal Land Forming Processes - Block mountains formation
Internal Land Forming Processes - Effects of faulting on human activities
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify features formed due to faulting
- Illustrate the formation of rift valleys due to faulting
- Value the beauty of landforms created by faulting
- View video clips/documentaries on the processes of faulting
- Draw sketches illustrating the formation of rift valleys
- Use an atlas to locate features formed as a result of faulting processes
- Display the sketches for peer assessment
How are rift valleys formed through the process of faulting?
- KLB Top Scholar Social Studies (pg. 130)
- Video clips/documentaries
- Atlas
- Drawing materials
- Charts showing rift valley formation
- KLB Top Scholar Social Studies (pg. 134)
- Charts showing block mountain formation
- KLB Top Scholar Social Studies (pg. 136)
- Pictures showing effects of faulting
- Digital resources
- Print resources
- Maps
- Observation - Drawing assessment - Peer assessment - Written assignments
7 4
Natural and Historic Built Environments
Internal Land Forming Processes - Hazards associated with faulting
Multipurpose River Projects in Africa - Introduction and location
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify hazards associated with faulting
- Develop posters to create awareness on disasters relating to faulting
- Show concern for disaster risks associated with faulting
- Discuss hazards associated with faulting such as earthquakes and volcanic eruptions
- Develop posters to create awareness on disasters relating to faulting
- Display posters at strategic locations within the school
- Discuss disaster risk reduction measures related to faulting
What are the hazards associated with faulting and how can they be mitigated?
- KLB Top Scholar Social Studies (pg. 138)
- Digital resources
- Print resources
- Materials for poster creation
- Pictures showing faulting disasters
- KLB Top Scholar Social Studies (pg. 140)
- Atlas
- Internet resources
- Map of Africa
- Observation - Poster assessment - Oral presentations - Written assignments
8 1
Natural and Historic Built Environments
Multipurpose River Projects in Africa - Conditions for River Tana projects
Multipurpose River Projects in Africa - Conditions for Aswan High Dam
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Outline physical conditions that led to establishment of River Tana projects
- Explain socio-economic conditions for River Tana projects
- Show interest in the development of River Tana projects
- Discuss the physical conditions that led to the establishment of multipurpose river projects along River Tana
- Research on the socio-economic conditions that favored the development of River Tana projects
- Create a chart showing conditions favorable for River Tana projects
- Present findings to the class
What conditions led to the establishment of multipurpose river projects along River Tana?
- KLB Top Scholar Social Studies (pg. 142)
- Digital resources
- Print resources
- Pictures of River Tana projects
- Charts
- KLB Top Scholar Social Studies (pg. 144)
- Pictures of Aswan High Dam
- Observation - Oral presentations - Written assignments - Chart assessment
8 2
Natural and Historic Built Environments
Multipurpose River Projects in Africa - Economic importance
Multipurpose River Projects in Africa - Social and political importance
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Examine the economic importance of multipurpose river projects in Africa
- Explain the benefits of multipurpose river projects to local communities
- Appreciate the role of multipurpose river projects in economic development
- Carry out research on the economic importance of multipurpose river projects in Africa
- Write short notes and share with peers
- Discuss how multipurpose river projects benefit local communities
- Create a chart showing economic benefits of multipurpose river projects
What are the economic benefits of multipurpose river projects in Africa?
- KLB Top Scholar Social Studies (pg. 146)
- Digital resources
- Print resources
- Pictures showing economic activities around river projects
- Charts
- KLB Top Scholar Social Studies (pg. 148)
- Pictures showing social benefits
- Materials for poster creation
- Observation - Oral presentations - Written assignments - Chart assessment
8 3
Natural and Historic Built Environments
Multipurpose River Projects in Africa - Challenges
Multipurpose River Projects in Africa - Solutions to challenges
Multipurpose River Projects in Africa - Future prospects
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Assess challenges facing multipurpose river projects in Africa
- Categorize challenges as environmental, social, economic and political
- Show concern for challenges facing multipurpose river projects
- Brainstorm on challenges facing multipurpose river projects in Africa
- Categorize challenges as environmental, social, economic and political
- Discuss how these challenges affect the effectiveness of multipurpose river projects
- Create a mind map of challenges and their interconnections
What challenges face multipurpose river projects in Africa?
- KLB Top Scholar Social Studies (pg. 149)
- Digital resources
- Print resources
- Pictures showing challenges
- Charts
- KLB Top Scholar Social Studies (pg. 150)
- Resource person
- KLB Top Scholar Social Studies (pg. 151)
- Materials for vision board creation
- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments - Mind map assessment
8 4
Natural and Historic Built Environments
Management and Conservation of the Environment - Factors leading to degradation
Management and Conservation of the Environment - Effects of degradation
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explore factors that lead to degradation of the environment
- Categorize factors leading to environmental degradation
- Show concern for degradation of the environment
- Research on factors that lead to degradation of the environment in the community
- View video clips or documentaries on environmental degradation
- Write an essay on factors that lead to degradation of the environment
- Discuss and categorize factors as natural and human-induced
Why is it important to conserve degraded environment?
- KLB Top Scholar Social Studies (pg. 152)
- Digital resources
- Print resources
- Video clips/documentaries
- Pictures showing environmental degradation
- KLB Top Scholar Social Studies (pg. 154)
- Pictures showing effects of environmental degradation
- Charts
- Observation - Essay assessment - Oral questions - Written assignments
9 1
Natural and Historic Built Environments
Management and Conservation of the Environment - Difference between management and conservation
Management and Conservation of the Environment - Measures for management
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Distinguish between management and conservation of the environment
- Explain principles of environmental management and conservation
- Value sustainable approaches to environmental management
- Brainstorm on the difference between management and conservation of the environment
- Research on principles of environmental management and conservation
- Create a Venn diagram showing similarities and differences between management and conservation
- Share findings with peers
What is the difference between management and conservation of the environment?
- KLB Top Scholar Social Studies (pg. 156)
- Digital resources
- Print resources
- Charts
- Pictures showing management and conservation activities
- KLB Top Scholar Social Studies (pg. 158)
- Materials for poster creation
- Pictures showing environmental management
- Observation - Venn diagram assessment - Oral questions - Written assignments
9 2
Natural and Historic Built Environments
Management and Conservation of the Environment - Measures for conservation
Management and Conservation of the Environment - Practical conservation activities
World Heritage Sites in Africa - Introduction and identification
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Design measures to conserve the environment for sustainability
- Explain strategies for environmental conservation
- Show commitment to environmental conservation
- Discuss measures for conserving the environment
- Research on successful conservation strategies
- Design a poster with messages on how to creatively conserve the environment
- Present and display the posters in class
What measures can be taken to conserve the environment?
- KLB Top Scholar Social Studies (pg. 159)
- Digital resources
- Print resources
- Materials for poster creation
- Pictures showing conservation activities
- KLB Top Scholar Social Studies (pg. 160)
- Tree seedlings
- Gardening tools
- Clean-up equipment
- Digital cameras for documentation
- KLB Top Scholar Social Studies (pg. 162)
- Map of Africa
- Pictures of world heritage sites
- Observation - Poster assessment - Oral presentations - Written assignments
9 3
Natural and Historic Built Environments
World Heritage Sites in Africa - Rock-Hewn Churches and Vallée de Mai
World Heritage Sites in Africa - Serengeti and Robben Island
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe the Rock-Hewn Churches of Lalibela in Ethiopia
- Explain the distinctive features of Vallée de Mai Nature Reserve in Seychelles
- Appreciate the cultural and natural significance of these heritage sites
- Research on the Rock-Hewn Churches of Lalibela and Vallée de Mai Nature Reserve
- Create visual presentations on these world heritage sites
- Discuss the cultural and natural significance of these sites
- Present findings to the class
What makes Rock-Hewn Churches and Vallée de Mai unique world heritage sites?
- KLB Top Scholar Social Studies (pg. 164)
- Digital resources
- Print resources
- Pictures of Rock-Hewn Churches and Vallée de Mai
- Video clips
- KLB Top Scholar Social Studies (pg. 166)
- Pictures of Serengeti and Robben Island
- Observation - Visual presentation assessment - Oral presentations - Written assignments
9 4
Natural and Historic Built Environments
World Heritage Sites in Africa - Victoria Falls
World Heritage Sites in Africa - Cultural heritage promotion
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe Victoria Falls as a world heritage site
- Explain the natural and cultural significance of Victoria Falls
- Appreciate the beauty and importance of Victoria Falls
- Research on Victoria Falls world heritage site
- Create visual presentations on Victoria Falls
- Discuss the natural and cultural significance of Victoria Falls
- Present findings to the class
What is the significance of Victoria Falls as a world heritage site?
- KLB Top Scholar Social Studies (pg. 168)
- Digital resources
- Print resources
- Pictures of Victoria Falls
- Video clips
- KLB Top Scholar Social Studies (pg. 169)
- Musical instruments
- Writing materials
- Observation - Visual presentation assessment - Oral presentations - Written assignments
10 1
Natural and Historic Built Environments
Political Developments and Governance
World Heritage Sites in Africa - Conservation measures
The Constitution of Kenya - Stages in constitution-making process
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Design measures to conserve world heritage sites
- Explain the role of different stakeholders in conserving heritage sites
- Show commitment to heritage site conservation
- Formulate in pairs measures to conserve heritage sites
- Research on the role of different stakeholders in conserving heritage sites
- Create a poster on conservation measures for world heritage sites
- Present and display posters in class
How can world heritage sites be conserved for future generations?
- KLB Top Scholar Social Studies (pg. 170)
- Digital resources
- Print resources
- Materials for poster creation
- Pictures showing conservation activities
- KLB Top Scholar Social Studies (pg. 172)
- Charts on constitution-making process
- Manilla papers
- Observation - Poster assessment - Oral presentations - Written assignments
10 2
Political Developments and Governance
The Constitution of Kenya - Role of parliament
The Constitution of Kenya - Role of citizens in constitution-making
The Constitution of Kenya - Citizens' participation
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Examine the role of parliament in constitution-making process
- Describe how parliament enacts constitutional laws
- Value the role of parliament in constitution-making
- Research on the role of parliament in constitution-making process in Kenya
- Discuss findings on parliament's role
- Watch a video on parliamentary debate on the constitution-making process
- Make notes on the role of parliament in constitution-making process
What is the role of parliament in the constitution-making process?
- KLB Top Scholar Social Studies (pg. 174)
- Digital resources
- Video clips of parliamentary debates
- Print resources
- Charts
- KLB Top Scholar Social Studies (pg. 176)
- Pictures showing citizen participation
- Video clips
- KLB Top Scholar Social Studies (pg. 178)
- Role-play materials
- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments - Note-making assessment
10 3
Political Developments and Governance
The Constitution of Kenya - Participating in constitution-making
The Constitution of Kenya - Defending the constitution
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Participate in the constitution-making process in community
- Apply constitutional principles in group decision-making
- Value democratic processes in constitution-making
- Role-play the constitution-making process in the community
- Research on the values that should be exercised during constitution-making process
- Participate in the constitution-making process of the learners' council or club in school
- Write an account of participation in constitution-making process
How can you participate in the constitution-making process in your community?
- KLB Top Scholar Social Studies (pg. 180)
- Digital resources
- Print resources
- Role-play materials
- Writing materials
- Pictures showing constitution defense
- The Constitution of Kenya
- Observation - Role-play assessment - Written assignments - Project assessment
10 4
Political Developments and Governance
The Constitution of Kenya - Promoting the constitution
The Constitution of Kenya - Implementing the constitution
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain ways of promoting the Constitution of Kenya
- Identify strategies for constitutional awareness
- Desire to promote the Constitution of Kenya
- Brainstorm on meaning of "promote" the Constitution of Kenya
- Discuss ways of promoting the Constitution of Kenya
- Compose songs on defending and promoting the Constitution of Kenya
- Sing songs to group members
What strategies can be used to promote the Constitution of Kenya?
- KLB Top Scholar Social Studies (pg. 181)
- Digital resources
- Print resources
- Musical instruments
- The Constitution of Kenya
- KLB Top Scholar Social Studies (pg. 182)
- Charts
- Observation - Song assessment - Oral questions - Written assignments
11 1
Political Developments and Governance
Civic Engagement in Governance - Individual civic activities
Civic Engagement in Governance - Collective civic activities
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify individual civic engagement activities in Kenya
- Explain the importance of individual civic actions
- Show interest in individual civic engagement
- Research using digital devices or print materials to identify individual civic engagement activities in Kenya
- Discuss in groups different individual civic activities
- Study pictures showing individual civic engagement activities
- Develop slogans on individual civic engagement in Kenya
How does civic engagement promote good governance in the country?
- KLB Top Scholar Social Studies (pg. 182)
- Digital resources
- Print resources
- Pictures showing civic engagement activities
- Charts
- KLB Top Scholar Social Studies (pg. 184)
- Pictures showing collective civic activities
- Materials for poster creation
- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments - Slogan assessment
11 2
Political Developments and Governance
Civic Engagement in Governance - Political parties requirements
Civic Engagement in Governance - Role of political parties
Civic Engagement in Governance - Elective positions
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify constitutional requirements for political parties
- Explain legal frameworks governing political parties
- Value the importance of regulating political parties
- Discuss the meaning of constitutional requirements and political parties
- Read Article 91 of the Constitution of Kenya on constitutional requirements for political parties
- Discuss the constitutional requirements for political parties
- Create a chart on what political parties should and should not do
How can we participate in democratic processes in the society?
- KLB Top Scholar Social Studies (pg. 186)
- Digital resources
- Print resources
- The Constitution of Kenya
- Charts
- KLB Top Scholar Social Studies (pg. 188)
- Poems
- KLB Top Scholar Social Studies (pg. 190)
- Charts showing elective positions
- Drawing materials
- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments - Chart assessment
11 3
Political Developments and Governance
Civic Engagement in Governance - Values for ethical civic engagement
Kenya's Bill of Rights - Introduction and structure
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify values that promote ethical civic engagement
- Exhibit values that promote ethical civic engagement
- Appreciate the importance of values in civic engagement
- Brainstorm on values needed during civic engagements
- Role-play scenarios demonstrating values that promote ethical civic engagement
- Discuss how values have helped promote ethical civic engagements
- Create a chart on values that promote ethical civic engagement
What values promote ethical civic engagement in the community?
- KLB Top Scholar Social Studies (pg. 192)
- Digital resources
- Print resources
- Role-play materials
- Charts
- KLB Top Scholar Social Studies (pg. 195)
- The Constitution of Kenya
- Observation - Role-play assessment - Oral questions - Written assignments
11 4
Political Developments and Governance
Kenya's Bill of Rights - Importance and application
Kenya's Bill of Rights - Rights of the elderly
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explore Kenya's Bill of Rights for mutual social well-being
- Explain the importance of the Bill of Rights
- Show appreciation for the Bill of Rights in protecting individuals
- Read an article on the purpose of Kenya's Bill of Rights
- Discuss the importance of the Bill of Rights for mutual social wellbeing
- Study an excerpt of the Constitution of Kenya on application of the Bill of Rights
- Create a chart showing the importance of Kenya's Bill of Rights
What is the importance of Kenya's Bill of Rights for mutual social wellbeing?
- KLB Top Scholar Social Studies (pg. 198)
- Digital resources
- Print resources
- The Constitution of Kenya
- Charts
- KLB Top Scholar Social Studies (pg. 200)
- Pictures of elderly persons
- Observation - Oral presentations - Written assignments - Chart assessment
12 1
Political Developments and Governance
Kenya's Bill of Rights - Rights of refugees
Kenya's Bill of Rights - Rights of migrants
Kenya's Bill of Rights - Application for harmonious living
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Examine human rights of refugees
- Explain special provisions for refugees in the Bill of Rights
- Show empathy towards refugees in society
- Study pictures of refugees
- Research on the human rights of refugees
- Study a chart on the rights of refugees under the United Nation's Convention of 1951
- Discuss how to respect and protect the rights of refugees
What are the human rights of refugees as a special group?
- KLB Top Scholar Social Studies (pg. 202)
- Digital resources
- Print resources
- Pictures of refugees
- Charts
- KLB Top Scholar Social Studies (pg. 204)
- Pictures of migrants
- Materials for poster creation
- KLB Top Scholar Social Studies (pg. 206)
- The Constitution of Kenya
- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments - Discussion assessment
12 2
Political Developments and Governance
Kenya's Bill of Rights - Assertiveness in standing up for rights
Kenya's Bill of Rights - Empathy and solidarity
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Develop assertiveness necessary in standing up for human rights
- Demonstrate techniques for assertively defending rights
- Show confidence in standing up for human rights
- Research on the meaning of assertiveness and individual rights
- Role-play scenarios that demonstrate assertiveness in standing up for individual rights
- Discuss how assertiveness has been developed in standing up for individual rights
- Complete a table on applying assertiveness in standing up for individual rights
How can assertiveness help in standing up for individual rights?
- KLB Top Scholar Social Studies (pg. 208)
- Digital resources
- Print resources
- Role-play materials
- Charts
- KLB Top Scholar Social Studies (pg. 210)
- Materials for card making
- Pictures showing empathy and solidarity
- Observation - Role-play assessment - Oral questions - Written assignments
12 3
Political Developments and Governance
Cultural Globalisation - Introduction and meaning
Cultural Globalisation - The Kiondo
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define the concept of cultural globalisation
- Identify factors that have accelerated cultural globalisation
- Show interest in understanding cultural globalisation
- Research on the meaning of cultural globalisation
- Discuss factors that have accelerated cultural globalisation
- Use digital or print resources to research on cultural elements
- Brainstorm on examples of cultural globalisation
How can we preserve aspects of cultural globalization in the community?
- KLB Top Scholar Social Studies (pg. 209)
- Digital resources
- Print resources
- Pictures showing cultural globalisation
- Charts
- KLB Top Scholar Social Studies (pg. 211)
- Pictures of Kiondo
- Sample Kiondo (if available)
- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments - Discussion assessment
12 4
Political Developments and Governance
Cultural Globalisation - The Maasai Kikoi
Cultural Globalisation - Safari
Cultural Globalisation - African cultural practices
Cultural Globalisation - Preservation of cultural elements
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify the Maasai Kikoi as a cultural element with global status
- Explain how the Maasai Kikoi gained global recognition
- Value the cultural significance of the Maasai Kikoi
- Study pictures of the Maasai Kikoi
- Discuss the uses of the Maasai Kikoi
- Role-play a conversation about how the Maasai Kikoi gained global status
- Write notes on the global status of the Maasai Kikoi
What makes the Maasai Kikoi a globally recognized cultural element?
- KLB Top Scholar Social Studies (pg. 213)
- Digital resources
- Print resources
- Pictures of Maasai Kikoi
- Sample Maasai Kikoi (if available)
- KLB Top Scholar Social Studies (pg. 215)
- Pictures related to safari
- Travel brochures
- KLB Top Scholar Social Studies (pg. 217)
- Stories about African cultural practices
- Video clips
- KLB Top Scholar Social Studies (pg. 219)
- Pictures of cultural elements
- Case studies
- Observation - Role-play assessment - Oral questions - Written assignments

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