Crop Production

Agricultural Land - Legal ways of accessing land
Agricultural Land - Government land allocation and purchase
Agricultural Land - Forms and utilities of land

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain legal ways of accessing land for agricultural use
- Identify different methods of land acquisition
- Appreciate the importance of legal land ownership

- Discuss with resource person legal ways of accessing land (leasing, inheritance/succession, settlement programmes)
- Brainstorm on various land acquisition methods
- Present findings on legal procedures

How can farmers legally access land for agricultural production?

- Resource person
- Manila papers
- Marker pens
- Video clips on land ownership
- Digital devices
- Internet access
- Land documents samples
- Local environment
- Cameras
- Notebooks
- Observation sheets

- Oral assessment - Written assignment - Group presentations

Crop Production

Agricultural Land - Assessing land for agricultural production
Agricultural Land - Climate and altitude factors
Agricultural Land - Soil factors and topography
Agricultural Land - Biotic factors
Agricultural Land - Importance of tenure security
Properties of Soil - Mineral particles and organic matter

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Evaluate land suitability for different crops
- Determine appropriate agricultural activities for specific land types
- Appreciate diversity in land use

- Analyze land characteristics observed during excursion
- Present findings on land utility assessment
- Discuss land suitability for various enterprises

How do we determine the best agricultural use for a piece of land?

- Assessment tools
- Manila papers
- Photographs from excursion
- Projector
- Digital devices
- Internet access
- Climate maps
- Charts on climatic zones
- Soil samples
- Topographic maps
- Digital resources
- Reference materials
- Video clips
- Pictures of organisms
- Reference books
- Sample title deeds
- Marker pens
- Resource person
- Containers
- Water
- Sieves
- Hand lens

- Written reports - Group presentations - Peer assessment

Crop Production

Properties of Soil - Water and air in soil
Properties of Soil - Soil texture
Properties of Soil - Soil structure and porosity

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain the role of water in soil
- Describe the importance of air in soil
- Appreciate the importance of soil components

- Carry out experiments to demonstrate water and air in soil
- Discuss importance of each component
- Record observations and findings

Why are water and air important components of agricultural soil?

- Soil testing equipment
- Beakers
- Water
- Test tubes
- Observation sheets
- Varied soil samples
- Containers
- Soil texture chart
- Gloves
- Soil samples
- Photographs
- Charts
- Digital resources

- Lab reports - Practical observation - Written test

Crop Production

Properties of Soil - Permeability
Properties of Soil - Soil pH
Properties of Soil - Biological properties
Properties of Soil - Horizons in soil profile
Properties of Soil - Importance of soil profile
Properties of Soil - Testing soil texture

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Define soil permeability
- Conduct experiments to test permeability
- Show interest in soil water movement
- Define soil profile
- Identify soil horizons
- Show interest in soil formation

- Discuss soil permeability and factors affecting it
- Carry out permeability experiments
- Compare permeability in different soils
- Take field excursion to observe soil profile
- Identify and describe different horizons
- Sketch and label soil profile

How does soil permeability affect agricultural production?
What is the importance of studying soil profiles?

- Soil samples
- Funnels
- Filter paper
- Water
- Stop watch
- Measuring cylinders
- Soil testing kits
- pH indicators
- pH meters
- Safety equipment
- Hand lens
- Microscope
- Petri dishes
- Charts
- Field sites (roadsides, excavations)
- Cameras
- Notebooks
- Sketch books
- Measuring tape
- Field data
- Photographs
- Manila papers
- Digital resources
- Varied soil samples
- Water
- Containers
- Testing sheets
- Towels

- Lab reports - Practical assessment - Written assignment
- Field reports - Sketches - Observation - Oral presentations

Crop Production

Properties of Soil - Water holding capacity
Properties of Soil - Soil capillarity
Land Preparation - Land clearing

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Test water holding capacity of different soils
- Compare water retention in various soil types
- Appreciate the importance of water holding capacity

- Carry out water holding capacity experiments
- Record observations and measurements
- Analyze results and make conclusions

Why is water holding capacity important for crop production?

- Soil samples
- Funnels
- Filter paper
- Measuring cylinders
- Water
- Balance
- Glass tubes
- Dye/coloring
- Stands
- Rulers
- School farm
- Slasher
- Panga
- Video clips
- Safety equipment

- Practical observation - Lab reports - Written test

Crop Production

Land Preparation - Primary cultivation
Land Preparation - Practical primary cultivation
Land Preparation - Secondary cultivation
Land Preparation - Practical secondary cultivation

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain primary cultivation methods
- Demonstrate ploughing or digging
- Show interest in land preparation

- Discuss primary cultivation (ploughing, digging)
- Observe farm machinery or manual tools in action
- Practice digging on school farm

What is the purpose of primary cultivation?

- School farm
- Jembe
- Fork jembe
- Tractor (if available)
- Charts
- Gloves
- First aid kit
- Rake
- Hand hoe
- Video clips
- Leveling boards
- Measuring tools

- Practical observation - Performance assessment - Oral questions

Crop Production

Land Preparation - Tertiary operations
Land Preparation - Practical tertiary operations
Land Preparation - Zero tillage

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain tertiary cultivation operations
- Demonstrate making ridges and furrows
- Appreciate proper seedbed preparation

- Discuss tertiary operations (ridging, furrowing, making holes)
- Practice making ridges and furrows
- Prepare planting stations

What are tertiary operations and when are they done?

- School farm
- Hoe
- String
- Pegs
- Measuring tape
- Garden trowel
- Manure
- Containers
- Digital devices
- Internet access
- Video clips
- Pictures
- Reference materials

- Practical assessment - Observation - Oral questions

Crop Production

Land Preparation - Minimum tillage
Land Preparation - Comparing tillage methods
Field Management Practices - Pruning capsicum
Field Management Practices - Pruning tomatoes
Field Management Practices - Practical vegetable pruning
Field Management Practices - Pruning bananas

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Describe minimum tillage practices
- Justify adoption of conservation tillage
- Show interest in sustainable farming
- Identify parts to prune on tomatoes
- Carry out tomato pruning
- Show interest in crop management

- Discuss minimum tillage methods
- Analyze benefits and challenges
- Present findings on conservation tillage adoption
- Study tomato plant structure
- Practice pruning suckers and lower leaves
- Observe proper timing for pruning

Why should farmers adopt conservation tillage practices?
Why is pruning important for tomato production?

- Charts
- Digital resources
- Case studies
- Manila papers
- Marker pens
- Comparative charts
- Pictures
- Video clips
- Reference materials
- Projector
- Digital devices
- Capsicum plants
- Pruning tools
- Safety gloves
- Tomato plants
- Secateurs
- Pruning knife
- Disinfectant
- School garden
- Vegetable crops
- Pruning tools
- Safety equipment
- Disposal bags
- First aid kit
- Field trip site
- Banana plants
- Panga
- Video clips
- Reference materials

- Group presentations - Written reports - Oral assessment
- Practical assessment - Performance evaluation - Observation

Crop Production

Field Management Practices - Pruning coffee and tea
Field Management Practices - Pruning pyrethrum
Field Management Practices - Methods of top-dressing

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain pruning methods for coffee
- Describe tea pruning techniques
- Show interest in cash crop management

- Research on coffee and tea pruning
- Watch video demonstrations
- Discuss pruning cycles and methods

How does pruning affect coffee and tea yields?

- Digital resources
- Video clips
- Pictures
- Charts
- Reference books
- Reference materials
- Manila papers
- Marker pens
- Digital devices
- Fertilizer samples
- Containers
- Safety equipment

- Written assignment - Oral presentations - Class discussions

Crop Production

Field Management Practices - Factors in top-dressing
Growing Selected Crop - Site selection for nursery
Growing Selected Crop - Preparing nursery site

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain factors considered in top-dressing
- Determine correct fertilizer amounts
- Appreciate proper fertilizer management

- Discuss factors (timing, type, form, method, amount, crop stage)
- Calculate fertilizer requirements
- Analyze effects of improper application

How do we determine the right amount of fertilizer to apply?

- Fertilizer samples
- Calculator
- Charts
- Reference materials
- Knapsack sprayer
- School farm
- Survey tools
- Measuring tape
- Notebooks
- Site assessment forms
- Slasher
- Panga
- Rake
- Pegs
- String

- Written test - Calculations - Oral questions

Crop Production

Growing Selected Crop - Making nursery bed
Growing Selected Crop - Sowing seeds in nursery
Growing Selected Crop - Watering nursery

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Construct a nursery bed
- Mix appropriate nursery media
- Appreciate quality nursery preparation

- Mix nursery media (soil, manure, sand)
- Fill nursery bed or containers
- Level and firm the bed

How do we prepare the right nursery media?

- Soil
- Farmyard manure
- Sand
- Containers
- Garden trowel
- Wheelbarrow
- Seeds
- Watering can
- Labels
- Marker pens
- Watering cans
- Rose heads
- Water source
- Nursery beds
- Moisture meter

- Practical assessment - Observation - Media quality check

Crop Production

Growing Selected Crop - Weeding and mulching nursery
Growing Selected Crop - Pest and disease control in nursery
Growing Selected Crop - Preparing main field
Growing Selected Crop - Hardening seedlings
Growing Selected Crop - Transplanting seedlings
Growing Selected Crop - Gap filling and thinning
Growing Selected Crop - Watering and irrigation

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Weed nursery beds carefully
- Apply mulch appropriately
- Show care in handling seedlings
- Transplant seedlings correctly
- Handle seedlings carefully
- Develop practical transplanting skills

- Identify and remove weeds from nursery
- Apply light mulch around seedlings
- Monitor weed growth
- Lift seedlings carefully from nursery
- Transplant to main field at correct depth
- Water transplanted seedlings

Why must weeding be done carefully in the nursery?
What is the best time of day for transplanting?

- Hand weeding tools
- Mulching materials
- Nursery beds
- Collection bags
- Pesticides
- Knapsack sprayer
- Safety equipment
- Record books
- School farm
- Jembe
- String
- Pegs
- Measuring tape
- Garden trowel
- Shade materials
- Watering cans
- Observation sheets
- Seedlings
- Garden trowel
- Watering cans
- Main field
- Transplanting board
- Spare seedlings
- School farm
- Watering equipment
- Water source
- Irrigation system (if available)

- Practical observation - Technique assessment - Quality of work
- Practical assessment - Performance evaluation - Survival rate check

Crop Production

Growing Selected Crop - Weeding and mulching
Growing Selected Crop - Staking and supporting
Growing Selected Crop - Pest and disease management

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Carry out weeding in crop field
- Apply mulch around crops
- Show diligence in field maintenance

- Identify and remove weeds
- Apply organic mulch
- Maintain weed-free environment

Why is regular weeding important for crop growth?

- Hand hoe
- Panga
- Mulching materials
- School farm
- Wheelbarrow
- Stakes
- String/raffia
- Hammer
- Scissors
- Scouting tools
- Pesticides
- Knapsack sprayer
- Safety equipment
- Record books

- Practical assessment - Quality of weeding - Observation

Animal Production

Breeds of Livestock - Dairy cattle breeds
Breeds of Livestock - Beef cattle breeds
Breeds of Livestock - Common pig breeds
Breeds of Livestock - Rabbit breeds and characteristics
Breeds of Livestock - Wool and mutton sheep
Breeds of Livestock - Dairy goat breeds
Breeds of Livestock - Meat goat breeds

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Identify common dairy cattle breeds
- Describe characteristics of dairy breeds
- Show interest in livestock diversity

- Use field observations and digital resources to study dairy cattle breeds (Friesian, Ayrshire, Guernsey, Jersey)
- Describe characteristic features
- Compare productivity levels

How do livestock breeds affect the productivity of animals?

- Digital devices
- Internet access
- Pictures of cattle breeds
- Video clips
- Charts
- Pictures
- Digital resources
- Reference books
- Field trip sites
- Pictures of pig breeds
- Reference materials
- Live rabbits (if available)
- Pictures of sheep breeds
- Wool samples
- Pictures of goat breeds

- Oral assessment - Written notes - Observation

Animal Production

Breeds of Livestock - Role of animal production in economy
Safe Handling of Animals - Humane treatment of livestock
Safe Handling of Animals - Poor transport and harnessing methods
Safe Handling of Animals - Crush pens and holding yards

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Analyze contribution of livestock to economy
- Compare productivity from various breeds
- Appreciate livestock sector importance

- Discuss role of animal production in country's economy
- Make presentations on comparative productivity
- Analyze economic data

How does livestock production create employment?

- Economic data
- Charts
- Manila papers
- Marker pens
- Digital resources
- Video clips
- Pictures
- Case studies
- Digital devices
- Reference materials
- Design drawings

- Class presentations - Written reports - Group discussions

Animal Production

Safe Handling of Animals - Raceways and squeeze chutes
Safe Handling of Animals - Farrowing crates and milking stalls
Safe Handling of Animals - Restraining methods
Safe Handling of Animals - Correct positioning and safe distance
Safe Handling of Animals - Community excursion on animal handling
General Animal Health - Importance of animal health

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Describe raceways and squeeze chutes
- Explain functions of handling structures
- Appreciate importance of proper facilities
- Demonstrate correct positioning when handling animals
- Maintain safe distance from animals
- Show responsibility in animal handling

- Study raceways and squeeze chutes design
- Discuss usage in livestock management
- Analyze safety benefits
- Practice correct positioning techniques
- Demonstrate holding appropriate parts
- Maintain safe working distance

What structures are used to ensure safety in handling domestic animals?
Why is correct positioning important when handling animals?

- Pictures
- Video clips
- Digital resources
- Reference books
- Design plans
- Digital devices
- Charts
- Reference materials
- Docile animals
- Ropes
- Halters
- Bull rings
- Safety equipment
- Docile animals
- Demonstration area
- Safety equipment
- First aid kit
- Protective gear
- Local farms
- Observation sheets
- Cameras
- Notebooks
- Transport
- Digital devices
- Internet access
- Reference books
- Charts
- Case studies

- Written assignment - Oral questions - Class presentations
- Practical assessment - Safety compliance - Observation

Animal Production

General Animal Health - Observing healthy animals
General Animal Health - Identifying sick animals
General Animal Health - Common signs of specific diseases

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Identify signs of normal health in livestock
- Observe healthy animals
- Show interest in animal health monitoring

- Observe animals in a herd
- Identify signs of good health (bright eyes, smooth coat, alertness)
- Record observations

What measures can be used to prevent animal diseases?

- Live animals
- Observation sheets
- Notebooks
- Resource person
- School livestock
- Pictures
- Video clips
- Health charts
- Disease charts
- Digital resources
- Reference books

- Observation - Practical notes - Oral assessment

Animal Production

General Animal Health - Preventative measures
General Animal Health - Treatment and management practices
General Animal Health - Notifiable diseases and quarantine

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain preventative disease control measures
- Describe vaccination programs
- Appreciate disease prevention importance

- Suggest preventative measures (vaccination, sanitation, quarantine)
- Discuss control measures against ill health
- Study prevention strategies

How can diseases be prevented in livestock production?

- Vaccine samples
- Charts
- Digital resources
- Reference materials
- Resource person
- Medicine samples
- Video clips
- Digital devices
- Reference books
- Disease lists
- Legal documents

- Oral assessment - Written assignment - Group discussions

Animal Production

General Animal Health - Practical health maintenance
Beekeeping - Factors in apiary location
Beekeeping - Environmental considerations
Beekeeping - Traditional and Kenya top bar hives

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Practice applicable health maintenance measures
- Monitor animal health regularly
- Develop skills in animal health care

- Practice health measures on school livestock
- Maintain health records
- Implement preventative practices

How can we maintain good health in school livestock?

- School livestock
- Health records
- Medicines
- Cleaning materials
- Resource person
- School compound
- Survey tools
- Notebooks
- Pictures
- Assessment forms
- Video clips
- Charts
- Digital devices
- Reference materials
- Hive models
- Digital resources
- Design drawings

- Practical observation - Record assessment - Performance evaluation

Animal Production

Beekeeping - Langstroth hive
Beekeeping - Hive preparation and baiting
Beekeeping - Feeding and watering bees

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Describe Langstroth hive structure
- Explain advantages of Langstroth hive
- Appreciate modern beekeeping methods

- Study Langstroth hive components
- Discuss movable frame system
- Compare with other hive types

How does the Langstroth hive improve honey production?

- Hive models
- Pictures
- Video clips
- Charts
- Reference books
- Digital devices
- Internet access
- Apiary site
- Bee suit
- Smoker
- Hive tool
- Resource person
- Feeding equipment

- Written assignment - Oral presentations - Comparison charts

Animal Production

Beekeeping - Hive inspection and pest control
Beekeeping - Swarming, absconding, and migration
Beekeeping - Harvesting process simulation

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Conduct hive inspections
- Identify bee pests and diseases
- Develop skills in apiary management

- Practice safe hive inspection
- Identify common pests (wax moths, ants)
- Learn control measures

How often should hives be inspected?

- Bee suit
- Smoker
- Hive tool
- Inspection sheets
- Resource person
- Video clips
- Pictures
- Charts
- Digital resources
- Reference books
- Containers
- Mockup hive
- Safety equipment

- Practical assessment - Safety compliance - Observation

Beekeeping
Animal Production
Animal Production

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to: - Explain benefits of beekeeping - Analyze economic importance of bee products - Appreciate beekeeping in economy
Animal Rearing Project - Selecting appropriate project
Animal Rearing Project - Writing project plan

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Discuss with resource person benefits of rearing bees
- Present on beekeeping importance
- Analyze economic opportunities

What products do we get from beekeeping?

- Resource person - Bee products samples - Manila papers - Marker pens - Charts

- Class presentations
- Written reports
- Oral assessment
- Project templates
- School facilities assessment
- Resource inventory
- Reference materials
- Manila papers
- Computers (if available)
- Sample plans

Animal Production

Animal Rearing Project - Costing project inputs
Animal Rearing Project - Preparing project budget
Animal Rearing Project - Site selection and structure installation
Animal Rearing Project - Record preparation and duty allocation
Animal Rearing Project - Stocking and initial management
Animal Rearing Project - Daily routine management

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Identify project costs
- Calculate input requirements
- Show responsibility in resource planning
- Prepare appropriate record templates
- Organize duty schedules
- Develop organizational skills

- Develop project details
- Research costs of inputs
- List all required resources
- Prepare record templates
- Share routine duty schedules
- Organize group responsibilities

How do we determine project costs?
What records should be kept in an animal project?

- Price lists
- Calculator
- Notebooks
- Market surveys
- Digital devices
- Budget templates
- Computers
- Project proposals
- Manila papers
- School compound
- Building materials
- Tools
- Site assessment forms
- Safety equipment
- Record books
- Templates
- Duty rosters
- Manila papers
- Marker pens
- Animals/insects
- Housing structures
- Feeding equipment
- Water containers
- Feeds
- Water
- Cleaning tools
- Health monitoring tools

- Budget drafts - Calculations - Oral questions
- Record templates assessment - Schedule evaluation - Organizational skills

Animal Production
Agricultural Technologies and Entrepreneurship
Agricultural Technologies and Entrepreneurship

Animal Rearing Project - Weekly and periodic management
Animal Rearing Project - Assessing project achievements
Animal Rearing Project - Areas for improvement
Tools and Equipment - Gardening tools
Tools and Equipment - Livestock production tools

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Implement weekly management practices
- Conduct periodic assessments
- Show diligence in project management

- Conduct weekly cleaning and disinfection
- Monitor growth and performance
- Adjust management as needed

How often should intensive management practices be done?

- Disinfectants
- Cleaning equipment
- Weighing scales
- Record books
- Assessment tools
- Project records
- Financial records
- Manila papers
- Marker pens
- Projector
- Evaluation reports
- Project data
- Reflection sheets
- Gardening tools
- Tool charts
- Pictures
- Video clips
- School farm
- Livestock tools
- Charts
- Resource person

- Practical observation - Record assessment - Performance evaluation

Agricultural Technologies and Entrepreneurship

Tools and Equipment - Conducting gardening tasks
Tools and Equipment - Livestock management tasks
Tools and Equipment - Assembling and disassembling tasks
Tools and Equipment - Cleaning and sharpening
Tools and Equipment - Lubrication and repairs
Tools and Equipment - Safety in tool use and storage

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Use gardening tools correctly
- Carry out digging and planting tasks
- Develop practical tool-use skills

- Conduct gardening tasks using appropriate tools
- Practice digging, raking, planting
- Work safely with tools

How do we use different gardening tools correctly?

- School garden
- Jembe, rake
- Garden trowel
- Fork jembe
- Safety gloves
- Livestock area
- Feeders, waterers
- Cleaning tools
- Animals
- Safety equipment
- Hand tools
- Screws, nails
- Simple structures
- Instruction manuals
- Agricultural tools
- Sharpening stone
- Water
- Cleaning materials
- Oil/grease
- Lubricants
- Replacement parts
- Spanners, pliers
- Maintenance manual
- PPE (gloves, boots)
- Storage facilities
- Tools
- First aid kit
- Safety charts

- Practical assessment - Performance evaluation - Safety observation

Agricultural Technologies and Entrepreneurship

Product Processing - Juice processing
Product Processing - Jam and ketchup making
Product Processing - Peanut butter and flour making

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain juice processing method
- Identify equipment for juice making
- Show interest in value addition

- Use digital and non-digital resources to research juice processing
- Suggest methods of value addition
- Study juice extraction and preservation

How does value addition enhance nutrition and food security?

- Digital devices
- Internet access
- Pictures
- Video clips
- Reference books
- Digital resources
- Recipe books
- Sample products
- Reference materials

- Oral assessment - Written notes - Research reports

Agricultural Technologies and Entrepreneurship

Product Processing - Crisps making
Product Processing - Practical juice processing
Product Processing - Practical jam making
Product Processing - Practical peanut butter making
Product Processing - Practical flour making
Product Processing - Visiting market outlets
Product Processing - Designing labels and brands

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Describe crisps making process
- Identify raw materials for crisps
- Appreciate tuber crop processing
- Process peanut butter
- Control texture and consistency
- Appreciate nut processing

- Research on crisps making from potatoes and cassava
- Study processing equipment
- Discuss packaging methods
- Practice peanut butter processing
- Roast and grind peanuts
- Add ingredients to taste

What crops can be processed into crisps?
How is peanut butter texture controlled?

- Pictures
- Video clips
- Digital resources
- Sample crisps
- Reference books
- Fresh fruits
- Juicer/blender
- Containers
- Sieve/strainer
- Protective clothing
- Resource person
- Sugar
- Source of heat
- Cooking pot
- Jars
- Thermometer
- Groundnuts
- Roasting equipment
- Grinder/blender
- Oil, salt, sugar
- Containers
- Resource person
- Grains
- Drying materials
- Mill/grinder
- Sieves
- Transport
- Market outlets
- Observation sheets
- Cameras
- Notebooks
- Computers/drawing materials
- Marker pens
- Label templates
- Sample labels
- Reference materials

- Written test - Oral questions - Class discussions
- Practical assessment - Product evaluation - Consistency check

Agricultural Technologies and Entrepreneurship

Product Processing - Practical packaging
Product Processing - Ethics in processing and value addition
Establishing Enterprise - Land and labor factors

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Package processed products
- Apply labels correctly
- Show attention to presentation

- Practice home-based packaging methods
- Package processed products from school
- Apply designed labels

How does good packaging preserve product quality?

- Processed products
- Packaging materials
- Labels
- Sealing equipment
- Clean workspace
- Sample products
- Manila papers
- Marker pens
- Case studies
- Legal documents
- Charts
- Pictures
- Reference materials

- Practical assessment - Package quality evaluation - Presentation skills

Agricultural Technologies and Entrepreneurship

Establishing Enterprise - Capital and entrepreneurship
Establishing Enterprise - Borrowing and savings
Establishing Enterprise - Other capital sources

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain capital requirements
- Describe entrepreneurship role
- Appreciate all production factors

- Discuss capital and entrepreneurship factors
- Analyze financial needs
- Study management skills needed

What makes an agricultural entrepreneur successful?

- Charts
- Financial data
- Manila papers
- Business profiles
- Digital resources
- Resource person
- Bank brochures
- Loan application forms
- Financial literacy materials
- Case studies
- Financial documents
- Reference materials

- Written test - Oral presentations - Class discussions

Agricultural Technologies and Entrepreneurship

Establishing Enterprise - Physical infrastructure and inputs
Establishing Enterprise - Labor, skills and techniques
Establishing Enterprise - Legal requirements and market

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain infrastructure requirements
- Identify necessary inputs
- Show interest in enterprise planning

- Use digital resources to search factors to consider
- Examine physical infrastructure needs
- Study input requirements

What factors should be considered when selecting an agricultural enterprise?

- Digital devices
- Internet access
- Pictures
- Charts
- Reference books
- Case studies
- Manila papers
- Digital resources
- Reference materials
- Legal documents
- Market data
- Resource person

- Oral assessment - Research reports - Written notes

Agricultural Technologies and Entrepreneurship

Establishing Enterprise - Importance of production factors
Marketing Produce - Weighing and sorting
Marketing Produce - Grading agricultural produce
Marketing Produce - Packaging and branding
Marketing Produce - Labeling and displaying
Marketing Produce - Physical market outlets

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain role of each production factor
- Analyze factor interactions
- Appreciate integrated approach
- Package produce attractively
- Apply appropriate branding
- Show creativity in presentation

- Discuss and present role of production factors
- Analyze how factors work together
- Examine successful enterprises
- Observe packaging methods in markets
- Practice packaging produce
- Apply branding and labeling

How do production factors contribute to enterprise success?
How does packaging affect product price?

- Manila papers
- Marker pens
- Case studies
- Charts
- Projector
- Weighing scales
- Agricultural produce
- Sorting tables
- Containers
- Grading charts
- Grading standards
- Market outlet
- Observation sheets
- Transport
- Packaging materials
- Labels
- Agricultural produce
- Branding materials
- Market samples
- Marker pens
- Display materials
- Sample labels
- Pictures
- Charts
- Manila papers
- Market surveys
- Reference materials

- Class presentations - Written reports - Oral assessment
- Practical assessment - Packaging quality - Creativity evaluation

Agricultural Technologies and Entrepreneurship

Marketing Produce - Digital marketing platforms
Marketing Produce - Transportation and advertisement costs
Marketing Produce - Market charges and taxes
Marketing Produce - Benefits of proper preparation

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Identify digital marketing platforms
- Explain online marketing methods
- Appreciate modern marketing channels

- Discuss digital platforms for marketing
- Study online marketing strategies
- Examine e-commerce opportunities

How can farmers use digital platforms to market produce?

- Digital devices
- Internet access
- Sample platforms
- Charts
- Reference materials
- Resource person
- Price lists
- Calculator
- Notebooks
- Case studies
- Fee schedules
- Tax documents
- Financial records
- Manila papers
- Marker pens
- Market data
- Sample produce
- Projector

- Written test - Oral presentations - Platform demonstrations

Agricultural Technologies and Entrepreneurship

Composting Techniques - Conventional composting methods
Composting Techniques - Innovative composting methods
Composting Techniques - Factors affecting compost quality

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Describe conventional composting methods
- Identify materials for composting
- Show interest in organic manure production

- Use digital and non-digital resources to study composting
- Describe four-pit method
- Identify locally available materials

Why is composting relevant to soil improvement?

- Digital devices
- Internet access
- Pictures
- Video clips
- Reference books
- Digital resources
- Sample composts
- Reference materials
- Compost samples
- Charts
- Manila papers
- Marker pens

- Oral assessment - Written notes - Research reports

Agricultural Technologies and Entrepreneurship

Composting Techniques - Practical four-pit method (Part 1)
Composting Techniques - Practical four-pit method (Part 2)
Composting Techniques - Practical vermicomposting
Composting Techniques - Containerised composting
Composting Techniques - Using compost in crop production

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Prepare composting pits
- Collect composting materials
- Develop practical composting skills

- Carry out composting with resource person
- Prepare four pits
- Collect organic materials (plant and animal wastes)

How is the four-pit composting method carried out?

- School compound
- Digging tools
- Organic materials
- Water source
- Resource person
- Water
- Turning tools
- Thermometer
- Monitoring sheets
- Container
- Earthworms
- Bedding materials
- Digital resources
- Containers/bins
- Monitoring tools
- Mature compost
- School farm
- Application tools
- Observation sheets
- Measuring tools

- Practical observation - Site preparation assessment - Material collection