Conservation of Resources

Conserving Animal Feed: Hay - Introduction to hay and forage

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Define the term hay.
-Explain the importance of hay as animal feed.
-Appreciate the role of hay in animal feeding.

In groups or pairs, learners are guided to:
-Brainstorm and present the meaning of hay.
-Discuss the importance of hay as animal feed.
-Share personal experiences with hay as animal feed.

What is hay and why is it important as animal feed?

MENTOR Agriculture Learner's Book p. 1
-Digital devices
-Charts
-Resource person

Assessment rubrics -Written questions -Oral questions

Conservation of Resources

Conserving Animal Feed: Hay - Methods of conserving forage
Conserving Animal Feed: Hay - Identifying different hay conservation methods
Conserving Animal Feed: Hay - Baled hay as a conservation method

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Identify methods of conserving forage in coping with drought.
-Describe each method of conserving forage.
-Embrace the importance of forage conservation.

In groups or pairs, learners are guided to:
-Use digital or print resources to search for information on methods of conserving forage in coping with drought.
-Discuss methods of conserving forage in coping with drought.

What are the methods of conserving forage in coping with drought?

MENTOR Agriculture Learner's Book p. 1
-Digital devices
-Charts
-Resource person
MENTOR Agriculture Learner's Book p. 2
-Charts of hay conservation methods
-Pictures
-Drawing materials

Assessment rubrics -Written questions -Oral questions

Conservation of Resources

Conserving Animal Feed: Hay - Standing forage as a conservation method
Conserving Animal Feed: Hay - Stacking as a conservation method

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Explain standing forage as a method of hay conservation.
-Describe the process of conserving standing forage.
-Value standing forage as a method of hay conservation.

In groups or pairs, learners are guided to:
-Discuss standing forage as a method of hay conservation.
-Use digital or print resources to search for information on conserving standing forage.
-Share findings in class.

What is standing forage and how is it used to conserve hay?

MENTOR Agriculture Learner's Book p. 2
-Digital devices
-Charts
-Resource person
MENTOR Agriculture Learner's Book p. 2-3

Assessment rubrics -Written questions -Oral questions -Observation

Conservation of Resources

Conserving Animal Feed: Hay - Steps in making a hay stack
Conserving Animal Feed: Hay - Practical hay stacking
Conserving Animal Feed: Hay - Materials for baling hay

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Outline steps in making a hay stack.
-Identify materials needed for making a hay stack.
-Embrace stacking as a method of hay conservation.

In groups, learners are guided to:
-Outline steps in making a hay stack.
-Identify materials needed for hay stacking.
-Draw diagrams to show hay stacking.

What are the steps in making a hay stack?

MENTOR Agriculture Learner's Book p. 3
-Digital devices
-Charts
-Drawing materials
-Maize stovers or straws
-Posts, rafters, nails
-Hammer, wood saw, crowbar
-Tape measure and panga
MENTOR Agriculture Learner's Book p. 4
-Wood for making box
-Nails and hammer
-Measuring tape
-Saw

Assessment rubrics -Written questions -Oral questions -Observation

Conservation of Resources

Conserving Animal Feed: Hay - Practical hay baling
Conserving Animal Feed: Hay - Hay conservation in local communities
Conserving Animal Feed: Hay - Adopting hay conservation at household level

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Cut grass for hay baling.
-Bale hay using a baling box.
-Enjoy baling hay as a method of conservation.

In groups, learners are guided to:
-Cut grass at flowering stage using a sickle.
-Spread the grass to dry for 2-3 days using a rake.
-Put 2 lengths of sisal twine in the box.
-Put hay into the box and press it down.
-Tie hay in the box securely.
-Remove baled hay from the box.

How is hay baled in practice?

MENTOR Agriculture Learner's Book p. 4-5
-Grass
-Baling box
-Sisal twine
-Sickle
-Rake
MENTOR Agriculture Learner's Book p. 5
-Digital devices
-Resource person

Assessment rubrics -Activity journal -Observation -Class project

Conservation of Resources

Conserving Leftover Foods - Meaning and importance
Conserving Leftover Foods - Methods of conserving leftover foods

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Define the term leftover foods.
-Explain the importance of conserving leftover foods.
-Embrace the practice of conserving leftover foods.

In groups or pairs, learners are guided to:
-Brainstorm and present the meaning of leftover foods.
-Discuss the importance of conserving leftover foods.
-Share findings with other groups.

What are leftover foods and why should they be conserved?

MENTOR Agriculture Learner's Book p. 7
-Digital devices
-Resource person

Assessment rubrics -Written questions -Oral questions

Conservation of Resources

Conserving Leftover Foods - Handling of leftover foods at home
Conserving Leftover Foods - Storage methods for leftover foods
Conserving Leftover Foods - Safety precautions in handling leftover foods

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Discuss what happens to leftover foods in homes.
-Suggest reasons why it is important to conserve leftover foods.
-Appreciate the importance of conserving leftover foods at home.

In pairs, learners are guided to:
-Discuss what happens to leftover foods in their homes.
-Suggest reasons why it is important to conserve leftover foods.
-Write down ideas in notebooks.
-Present ideas to classmates.

What happens to leftover foods in your home?

MENTOR Agriculture Learner's Book p. 7
-Digital devices
-Resource person
MENTOR Agriculture Learner's Book p. 8
MENTOR Agriculture Learner's Book p. 8-9

Assessment rubrics -Written questions -Oral questions -Observation

Conservation of Resources

Conserving Leftover Foods - Reheating as a method of preparing leftover foods
Conserving Leftover Foods - Improving taste and texture of reheated foods
Conserving Leftover Foods - Creating recipes for leftover foods

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Explain reheating as a method of preparing leftover foods.
-Identify foods suitable for reheating.
-Value reheating as a method of preparing leftover foods.

In groups, learners are guided to:
-Discuss reheating as a method of preparing leftover foods.
-Identify foods suitable for reheating.
-Explain the process of reheating different food items.

What is reheating and how is it used to prepare leftover foods?

MENTOR Agriculture Learner's Book p. 9
-Digital devices
-Resource person
MENTOR Agriculture Learner's Book p. 10
-Recipe books

Assessment rubrics -Written questions -Oral questions -Observation

Conservation of Resources

Conserving Leftover Foods - Community methods of preparing leftover foods
Conserving Leftover Foods - Preparing a recipe for leftover foods

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Discuss how leftover foods are prepared in the community.
-Appreciate various community methods of preparing leftover foods.
-Embrace preparation of leftover foods to avoid wastage.

In groups, learners are guided to:
-Discuss how leftover foods are prepared in their community to avoid wastage.
-Share experiences on community methods of preparing leftover foods.
-Display findings in classroom display area.

How are leftover foods prepared in your community to avoid wastage?

MENTOR Agriculture Learner's Book p. 10
-Digital devices
-Display boards
-Recipe books

Assessment rubrics -Oral discussion -Observation -Display work

Conservation of Resources

Conserving Leftover Foods - Practical preparation of beef stew by reheating
Integrated Farming - Definition and concept
Integrated Farming - Importance in resource conservation

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Outline steps in preparing beef stew by reheating.
-Prepare beef stew by reheating.
-Enjoy preparing leftover foods by reheating.

In groups, learners are guided to:
-Prepare working surface.
-Assemble required tools, equipment and ingredients.
-Wear protective clothing and wash hands.
-Transfer leftover stew into a pot.
-Add water if stew is dry.
-Cover pot with a lid.
-Stir stew regularly and heat until bubbling.
-Reduce heat and simmer before serving.

How is beef stew prepared by reheating?

MENTOR Agriculture Learner's Book p. 11
-Jiko or heat source
-Wooden spoon, service plates
-Sufuria or pot, clean water
-Beef stew to be reheated
MENTOR Agriculture Learner's Book p. 16
-Digital devices
-Resource person

Assessment rubrics -Activity journal -Observation -Practical assessment

Conservation of Resources

Integrated Farming - Components in a farm
Integrated Farming - Relational benefits between components
Integrated Farming - Crop production component

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Identify components of integrated farming.
-Describe the relationship between components of integrated farming.
-Appreciate integration of components in a farm.

In groups, learners are guided to:
-Identify components of integrated farming from a chart or diagram.
-Describe the relationship between different components of integrated farming.
-Share findings with other learners in class.

What are the components of integrated farming?

MENTOR Agriculture Learner's Book p. 17
-Charts on integrated farming
-Digital devices
-Resource person
MENTOR Agriculture Learner's Book p. 17-18

Assessment rubrics -Written questions -Oral questions -Observation

Conservation of Resources

Integrated Farming - Crop production in resource conservation
Integrated Farming - Livestock farming component
Integrated Farming - Livestock farming in resource conservation

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Explain contribution of crop production to resource conservation.
-Outline specific ways crop production conserves resources.
-Acknowledge the importance of crop production in resource conservation.

In groups or pairs, learners are guided to:
-Use digital or print resources to search for information on contribution of crop production to resource conservation.
-Outline specific ways crop production conserves resources in an integrated farm.
-Discuss crop production's contribution to resource conservation.

How does crop production contribute to resource conservation in integrated farming?

MENTOR Agriculture Learner's Book p. 17-18
-Digital devices
-Resource person
MENTOR Agriculture Learner's Book p. 18

Assessment rubrics -Oral questions -Written questions -Observation

Conservation of Resources

Integrated Farming - Fish farming component
Integrated Farming - Fish farming in resource conservation

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Describe fish farming (aquaculture) as a component of integrated farming.
-Explain the role of fish farming in an integrated system.
-Appreciate fish farming in integrated systems.

In groups or pairs, learners are guided to:
-Describe fish farming (aquaculture) as a component of integrated farming.
-Explain the role of fish farming in an integrated farm.
-Discuss types of fish suitable for integrated farming.

What is the role of fish farming in an integrated farm?

MENTOR Agriculture Learner's Book p. 19
-Digital devices
-Resource person

Assessment rubrics -Oral questions -Written questions -Observation

Conservation of Resources

Integrated Farming - Agroforestry component
Integrated Farming - Agroforestry in resource conservation
Integrated Farming - Rabbit keeping component

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Define the term agroforestry.
-Describe agroforestry as a component of integrated farming.
-Appreciate agroforestry in integrated systems.

In groups or pairs, learners are guided to:
-Define the term agroforestry.
-Describe agroforestry as a component of integrated farming.
-Give examples of trees in agroforestry.

What is agroforestry and how is it used in integrated farming?

MENTOR Agriculture Learner's Book p. 19
-Digital devices
-Resource person
MENTOR Agriculture Learner's Book p. 20

Assessment rubrics -Oral questions -Written questions -Observation

Conservation of Resources
Food Production Processes

Integrated Farming - Poultry keeping component
Integrated Farming - Rabbit and poultry keeping in resource conservation
Organic Gardening - Meaning and concept

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Describe poultry keeping as a component of integrated farming.
-Explain the role of poultry keeping in an integrated system.
-Embrace poultry keeping in integrated farming systems.

In groups or pairs, learners are guided to:
-Describe poultry keeping as a component of integrated farming.
-Explain the role of poultry keeping in an integrated farm.
-Discuss poultry types suitable for integrated farming.

What is the role of poultry keeping in an integrated farm?

MENTOR Agriculture Learner's Book p. 20
-Digital devices
-Resource person
MENTOR Agriculture Learner's Book p. 23

Assessment rubrics -Written questions -Oral questions -Observation

Food Production Processes

Organic Gardening - Practices in crop production
Organic Gardening - Benefits and importance

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Identify organic gardening practices in crop production.
-Explain different organic gardening practices.
-Value organic gardening practices.

In pairs, learners are guided to:
-Use digital devices and print media to search for information on organic gardening practices in crop production.
-Identify and explain different organic gardening practices.
-Share the information in class.

What are the organic gardening practices in crop production?

MENTOR Agriculture Learner's Book p. 23
-Digital devices
-Resource person
MENTOR Agriculture Learner's Book p. 23-24

Assessment rubrics -Written questions -Oral questions

Food Production Processes

Organic Gardening - Use of organic manure
Organic Gardening - Making organic pesticide using garlic
Organic Gardening - Making organic pesticide using hot peppers

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Explain the use of organic manure in organic gardening.
-Identify types of organic manure.
-Appreciate the use of organic manure.

In groups, learners are guided to:
-Explain the use of organic manure in organic gardening.
-Identify types of organic manure (compost, farmyard, green manure).
-Discuss benefits of organic manure in crop production.

What is organic manure and how is it used in organic gardening?

MENTOR Agriculture Learner's Book p. 24
-Digital devices
-Resource person
-Garlic cloves
-Blender
-Warm water
-Containers
-Sieve
-Hot peppers
-Water
-Spray bottle

Assessment rubrics -Written questions -Oral questions -Observation

Food Production Processes

Organic Gardening - Making organic pesticide using rabbit urine
Organic Gardening - Mechanical weed control methods
Organic Gardening - Making organic foliar feed using Mexican sunflower

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Describe how to make organic pesticide using rabbit urine.
-Make organic pesticide using rabbit urine.
-Appreciate the use of organic pesticides.

In groups, learners are guided to:
-Follow steps to make organic pesticide using rabbit urine:
-a) Collect rabbit urine.
-b) Mix one liter of rabbit urine with two liters of water.
-c) Use the mixture as pesticide.

How can we make organic pesticide using rabbit urine?

MENTOR Agriculture Learner's Book p. 24
-Rabbit urine
-Water
-Measuring containers
-Spray equipment
-Digital devices
-Resource person
MENTOR Agriculture Learner's Book p. 25
-Mexican sunflower leaves
-Large plastic container
-Stirring implement

Assessment rubrics -Activity journal -Observation -Practical assessment

Food Production Processes

Organic Gardening - Making organic foliar feed using rabbit urine
Organic Gardening - Making organic pesticide using rosemary

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Describe how to make organic foliar feed using rabbit urine.
-Make organic foliar feed using rabbit urine.
-Value the use of organic foliar feed.

In groups, learners are guided to:
-Follow steps to make organic foliar feed using rabbit urine:
-a) Collect rabbit urine.
-b) Mix one liter of rabbit urine with five liters of water.
-c) Use the mixture as foliar feed.

How can we make organic foliar feed using rabbit urine?

MENTOR Agriculture Learner's Book p. 25
-Rabbit urine
-Water
-Measuring containers
-Spray equipment
MENTOR Agriculture Learner's Book p. 26
-Digital devices
-Print resources
-Rosemary

Assessment rubrics -Activity journal -Observation -Practical assessment

Food Production Processes

Organic Gardening - Selecting a crop for organic gardening
Organic Gardening - Preparing seedbed for organic gardening
Organic Gardening - Planting and applying organic manure
Organic Gardening - Managing crops using organic practices
Organic Gardening - Importance in producing healthy foods

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Select a crop for growing using organic gardening practices.
-Identify factors to consider when selecting a crop.
-Value careful crop selection in organic gardening.

In groups, learners are guided to:
-Discuss factors to consider when selecting a crop for organic gardening.
-Select a suitable crop for growing using organic gardening practices.
-Justify their crop selection.

What factors should be considered when selecting a crop for organic gardening?

MENTOR Agriculture Learner's Book p. 26
-Digital devices
-Resource person
-Garden tools
-Prepared plot
-Measuring tape
-Organic manure
-Seedlings or seeds
-Watering can
-Organic pesticides
-Organic foliar feed
-Knapsack sprayer
-Safety gear

Assessment rubrics -Written questions -Oral questions -Observation