Crop Production

Agricultural Land - Legal ways of accessing land

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain legal ways of accessing land for agricultural use
- Identify different methods of land acquisition
- Appreciate the importance of legal land ownership

- Discuss with resource person legal ways of accessing land (leasing, inheritance/succession, settlement programmes)
- Brainstorm on various land acquisition methods
- Present findings on legal procedures

How can farmers legally access land for agricultural production?

- Resource person
- Manila papers
- Marker pens
- Video clips on land ownership

- Oral assessment - Written assignment - Group presentations

Crop Production

Agricultural Land - Government land allocation and purchase
Agricultural Land - Forms and utilities of land
Agricultural Land - Assessing land for agricultural production
Agricultural Land - Climate and altitude factors

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Describe government settlement programmes and land adjudication
- Explain land purchase and donation procedures
- Show interest in understanding land acquisition processes

- Discuss allocation by government and land adjudication
- Examine land purchase (transfer) and donation processes
- Use digital devices to research land acquisition

What role does government play in land distribution for agriculture?

- Digital devices
- Internet access
- Land documents samples
- Resource person
- Local environment
- Cameras
- Notebooks
- Observation sheets
- Assessment tools
- Manila papers
- Photographs from excursion
- Projector
- Climate maps
- Charts on climatic zones

- Observation - Written test - Class discussions

Crop Production

Agricultural Land - Soil factors and topography
Agricultural Land - Biotic factors
Agricultural Land - Importance of tenure security

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Describe soil factors affecting land productivity
- Explain how topography influences agricultural production
- Appreciate the role of natural factors

- Research on soil factors (depth, texture, fertility)
- Discuss topography (slope, drainage) effects
- Present findings on soil and topography

What soil characteristics make land more productive?

- Soil samples
- Topographic maps
- Digital resources
- Reference materials
- Video clips
- Pictures of organisms
- Internet access
- Reference books
- Sample title deeds
- Manila papers
- Marker pens
- Resource person

- Class presentations - Written assignment - Observation

Crop Production

Properties of Soil - Mineral particles and organic matter
Properties of Soil - Water and air in soil

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Identify the four components of soil
- Describe mineral particles in soil
- Show interest in soil composition

- Discuss components of soil (mineral particles, organic matter, water, air)
- Examine soil samples for different components
- Separate soil components practically

How do soil properties influence crop production?

- Soil samples
- Containers
- Water
- Sieves
- Hand lens
- Soil testing equipment
- Beakers
- Test tubes
- Observation sheets

- Practical assessment - Observation - Lab reports

Crop Production

Properties of Soil - Soil texture
Properties of Soil - Soil structure and porosity

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Define soil texture
- Determine soil texture by feel method
- Develop interest in soil analysis

- Discuss soil texture (sand, silt, clay proportions)
- Practice feel method for texture determination
- Classify soil samples by texture

How can we investigate various properties of soil?

- Varied soil samples
- Water
- Containers
- Soil texture chart
- Gloves
- Soil samples
- Photographs
- Charts
- Digital resources

- Practical assessment - Observation - Oral questions

Crop Production

Properties of Soil - Permeability

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Define soil permeability
- Conduct experiments to test permeability
- Show interest in soil water movement

- Discuss soil permeability and factors affecting it
- Carry out permeability experiments
- Compare permeability in different soils

How does soil permeability affect agricultural production?

- Soil samples
- Funnels
- Filter paper
- Water
- Stop watch
- Measuring cylinders

- Lab reports - Practical assessment - Written assignment

Crop Production

Properties of Soil - Soil pH
Properties of Soil - Biological properties

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain the concept of soil pH
- Test soil pH using indicators
- Appreciate the importance of soil pH

- Discuss soil pH and its importance
- Carry out soil pH testing experiments
- Record and interpret pH results

Why is soil pH important in crop production?

- Soil testing kits
- pH indicators
- pH meters
- Soil samples
- Safety equipment
- Hand lens
- Microscope
- Petri dishes
- Charts

- Practical assessment - Lab reports - Oral assessment

Crop Production

Properties of Soil - Horizons in soil profile
Properties of Soil - Importance of soil profile

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Define soil profile
- Identify soil horizons
- Show interest in soil formation

- Take field excursion to observe soil profile
- Identify and describe different horizons
- Sketch and label soil profile

What is the importance of studying soil profiles?

- Field sites (roadsides, excavations)
- Cameras
- Notebooks
- Sketch books
- Measuring tape
- Field data
- Photographs
- Manila papers
- Digital resources

- Field reports - Sketches - Observation - Oral presentations

Crop Production

Properties of Soil - Testing soil texture
Properties of Soil - Water holding capacity

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Conduct soil texture tests
- Record and interpret texture results
- Develop practical skills in soil analysis

- Carry out soil texture experiments
- Use ribbon and ball tests
- Compare results from different samples

How can we accurately determine soil texture?

- Varied soil samples
- Water
- Containers
- Testing sheets
- Towels
- Soil samples
- Funnels
- Filter paper
- Measuring cylinders
- Balance

- Practical assessment - Lab reports - Performance evaluation

Crop Production

Properties of Soil - Soil capillarity

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain soil capillarity
- Conduct capillarity experiments
- Show interest in soil water movement

- Discuss soil capillarity concept
- Carry out capillarity experiments using tubes
- Compare capillarity in different soil types

How does capillarity help plants access water?

- Glass tubes
- Soil samples
- Water
- Dye/coloring
- Stands
- Rulers

- Practical assessment - Observation - Written reports

Crop Production

Land Preparation - Land clearing
Land Preparation - Primary cultivation

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Describe land clearing activities
- Identify tools used for land clearing
- Appreciate the importance of proper land clearing

- Discuss land clearing methods (slashing, uprooting, burning)
- Observe demonstration of land clearing
- Identify appropriate tools for clearing

How does proper land preparation contribute to crop production?

- School farm
- Slasher
- Panga
- Video clips
- Safety equipment
- Jembe
- Fork jembe
- Tractor (if available)
- Charts

- Oral assessment - Observation - Written notes

Crop Production

Land Preparation - Practical primary cultivation
Land Preparation - Secondary cultivation

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Carry out primary cultivation
- Use tools safely and effectively
- Develop confidence in practical skills

- Practice primary cultivation on designated plot
- Work in groups to complete tasks
- Observe safety precautions

How do we safely carry out primary cultivation?

- School farm
- Jembe
- Fork jembe
- Gloves
- First aid kit
- Rake
- Hand hoe
- Video clips

- Practical assessment - Safety observation - Peer assessment

Crop Production

Land Preparation - Practical secondary cultivation

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Carry out secondary cultivation
- Break clods and level land
- Show commitment to quality work

- Practice harrowing and breaking clods
- Level the seedbed
- Work collaboratively in groups

How do we prepare a proper seedbed?

- School farm
- Rake
- Hand hoe
- Leveling boards
- Measuring tools

- Practical observation - Performance evaluation - Group assessment

Crop Production

Land Preparation - Tertiary operations
Land Preparation - Practical tertiary operations

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain tertiary cultivation operations
- Demonstrate making ridges and furrows
- Appreciate proper seedbed preparation

- Discuss tertiary operations (ridging, furrowing, making holes)
- Practice making ridges and furrows
- Prepare planting stations

What are tertiary operations and when are they done?

- School farm
- Hoe
- String
- Pegs
- Measuring tape
- Garden trowel
- Manure
- Containers

- Practical assessment - Observation - Oral questions

Crop Production

Land Preparation - Zero tillage
Land Preparation - Minimum tillage

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain zero tillage concept
- Describe advantages of zero tillage
- Appreciate conservation farming methods

- Discuss zero tillage principles
- Use digital resources to research zero tillage
- Compare with conventional tillage

How does zero tillage conserve the environment?

- Digital devices
- Internet access
- Video clips
- Pictures
- Reference materials
- Charts
- Digital resources
- Case studies
- Manila papers
- Marker pens

- Written assignment - Oral presentations - Class discussions

Crop Production

Land Preparation - Comparing tillage methods
Field Management Practices - Pruning capsicum

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Compare different tillage methods
- Evaluate suitability of tillage for different situations
- Appreciate diversity in farming practices

- Compare conventional and conservation tillage
- Discuss contexts for each method
- Make presentations on tillage comparisons

Which tillage method is most appropriate for different farming contexts?

- Comparative charts
- Pictures
- Video clips
- Reference materials
- Projector
- Digital devices
- Capsicum plants
- Pruning tools
- Safety gloves

- Written test - Class presentations - Oral assessment

Crop Production

Field Management Practices - Pruning tomatoes

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Identify parts to prune on tomatoes
- Carry out tomato pruning
- Show interest in crop management

- Study tomato plant structure
- Practice pruning suckers and lower leaves
- Observe proper timing for pruning

Why is pruning important for tomato production?

- Tomato plants
- Secateurs
- Pruning knife
- Disinfectant
- School garden

- Practical assessment - Performance evaluation - Observation

Crop Production

Field Management Practices - Practical vegetable pruning
Field Management Practices - Pruning bananas

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Prune vegetable crops correctly
- Use pruning tools safely
- Develop confidence in pruning skills

- Carry out pruning on available vegetable crops
- Dispose of pruned materials properly
- Apply safety precautions

How do we ensure quality when pruning vegetables?

- Vegetable crops
- Pruning tools
- Safety equipment
- Disposal bags
- First aid kit
- Field trip site
- Banana plants
- Panga
- Video clips
- Reference materials

- Practical observation - Safety assessment - Quality of work

Crop Production

Field Management Practices - Pruning coffee and tea
Field Management Practices - Pruning pyrethrum

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain pruning methods for coffee
- Describe tea pruning techniques
- Show interest in cash crop management

- Research on coffee and tea pruning
- Watch video demonstrations
- Discuss pruning cycles and methods

How does pruning affect coffee and tea yields?

- Digital resources
- Video clips
- Pictures
- Charts
- Reference books
- Reference materials
- Manila papers
- Marker pens
- Digital devices

- Written assignment - Oral presentations - Class discussions

Crop Production

Field Management Practices - Methods of top-dressing

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Identify methods of top-dressing
- Explain broadcasting method
- Show interest in fertilizer application

- Explore methods of top-dressing (broadcasting, side dressing, foliar)
- Observe demonstrations of each method
- Discuss advantages of each method

What are the different methods of applying top-dressing fertilizers?

- Fertilizer samples
- Containers
- Charts
- Video clips
- Safety equipment

- Oral assessment - Written notes - Observation

Crop Production

Field Management Practices - Factors in top-dressing
Growing Selected Crop - Site selection for nursery

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain factors considered in top-dressing
- Determine correct fertilizer amounts
- Appreciate proper fertilizer management

- Discuss factors (timing, type, form, method, amount, crop stage)
- Calculate fertilizer requirements
- Analyze effects of improper application

How do we determine the right amount of fertilizer to apply?

- Fertilizer samples
- Calculator
- Charts
- Reference materials
- Knapsack sprayer
- School farm
- Survey tools
- Measuring tape
- Notebooks
- Site assessment forms

- Written test - Calculations - Oral questions

Crop Production

Growing Selected Crop - Preparing nursery site
Growing Selected Crop - Making nursery bed

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Prepare nursery site appropriately
- Clear and level the nursery area
- Develop practical skills in site preparation

- Clear selected nursery site
- Level the ground
- Mark out nursery bed dimensions

What makes a good nursery site?

- School farm
- Slasher
- Panga
- Rake
- Pegs
- String
- Measuring tape
- Soil
- Farmyard manure
- Sand
- Containers
- Garden trowel
- Wheelbarrow

- Practical observation - Performance assessment - Quality of work

Crop Production

Growing Selected Crop - Sowing seeds in nursery
Growing Selected Crop - Watering nursery

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Sow seeds at correct depth and spacing
- Cover and water seeds appropriately
- Show commitment to proper establishment

- Make drills or holes for sowing
- Sow selected seeds
- Cover and water seeds gently

What is the correct depth for sowing different seeds?

- Seeds
- Garden trowel
- Watering can
- Labels
- Marker pens
- Watering cans
- Rose heads
- Water source
- Nursery beds
- Moisture meter

- Practical observation - Performance evaluation - Record keeping

Crop Production

Growing Selected Crop - Weeding and mulching nursery

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Weed nursery beds carefully
- Apply mulch appropriately
- Show care in handling seedlings

- Identify and remove weeds from nursery
- Apply light mulch around seedlings
- Monitor weed growth

Why must weeding be done carefully in the nursery?

- Hand weeding tools
- Mulching materials
- Nursery beds
- Collection bags

- Practical observation - Technique assessment - Quality of work

Crop Production

Growing Selected Crop - Pest and disease control in nursery
Growing Selected Crop - Preparing main field

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Identify common nursery pests and diseases
- Apply control measures
- Develop vigilance in crop protection

- Scout for pests and diseases in nursery
- Apply appropriate control measures
- Keep records of pest occurrences

What are common problems affecting seedlings in the nursery?

- Nursery beds
- Pesticides
- Knapsack sprayer
- Safety equipment
- Record books
- School farm
- Jembe
- String
- Pegs
- Measuring tape
- Garden trowel

- Observation - Record assessment - Safety compliance

Crop Production

Growing Selected Crop - Hardening seedlings
Growing Selected Crop - Transplanting seedlings

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain the hardening process
- Harden seedlings appropriately
- Appreciate importance of hardening

- Reduce watering and shade gradually
- Expose seedlings to outdoor conditions
- Monitor seedling response

Why is hardening necessary before transplanting?

- Nursery beds
- Shade materials
- Watering cans
- Observation sheets
- Seedlings
- Garden trowel
- Main field
- Transplanting board

- Observation - Progress monitoring - Oral assessment

Crop Production

Growing Selected Crop - Gap filling and thinning

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Identify gaps in the field
- Carry out gap filling
- Show responsibility in crop management

- Identify dead or weak seedlings
- Replace with healthy seedlings
- Thin overcrowded areas if necessary

How soon should gap filling be done after transplanting?

- Spare seedlings
- Garden trowel
- Watering cans
- School farm

- Observation - Practical assessment - Field uniformity check

Crop Production

Growing Selected Crop - Watering and irrigation
Growing Selected Crop - Weeding and mulching

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Determine crop water requirements
- Apply water efficiently
- Appreciate water conservation

- Water crops at appropriate intervals
- Use efficient watering methods
- Monitor soil moisture

How much water do different crops need?

- Watering equipment
- Water source
- Irrigation system (if available)
- School farm
- Hand hoe
- Panga
- Mulching materials
- Wheelbarrow

- Practical observation - Water use efficiency - Crop response

Crop Production

Growing Selected Crop - Staking and supporting
Growing Selected Crop - Pest and disease management

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Install stakes for crops
- Tie plants to supports correctly
- Develop skills in crop support

- Install stakes beside plants
- Tie plants using appropriate materials
- Ensure plants grow upright

Which crops require staking and why?

- Stakes
- String/raffia
- Hammer
- Scissors
- School farm
- Scouting tools
- Pesticides
- Knapsack sprayer
- Safety equipment
- Record books

- Practical observation - Staking quality - Plant support adequacy

Animal Production

Breeds of Livestock - Dairy cattle breeds
Breeds of Livestock - Beef cattle breeds
Breeds of Livestock - Common pig breeds
Breeds of Livestock - Rabbit breeds and characteristics

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Identify common dairy cattle breeds
- Describe characteristics of dairy breeds
- Show interest in livestock diversity

- Use field observations and digital resources to study dairy cattle breeds (Friesian, Ayrshire, Guernsey, Jersey)
- Describe characteristic features
- Compare productivity levels

How do livestock breeds affect the productivity of animals?

- Digital devices
- Internet access
- Pictures of cattle breeds
- Video clips
- Charts
- Pictures
- Digital resources
- Reference books
- Field trip sites
- Pictures of pig breeds
- Reference materials
- Live rabbits (if available)

- Oral assessment - Written notes - Observation

Animal Production

Breeds of Livestock - Wool and mutton sheep
Breeds of Livestock - Dairy goat breeds
Breeds of Livestock - Meat goat breeds

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Identify sheep breeds
- Distinguish wool and mutton types
- Show interest in sheep production

- Study sheep breeds (Merino, Dorper, Hampshire Down, Corriedale)
- Compare wool and mutton breeds
- Discuss breed suitability

What are the main products from sheep farming?

- Pictures of sheep breeds
- Video clips
- Wool samples
- Digital devices
- Charts
- Pictures
- Digital resources
- Field trip sites
- Reference books
- Pictures of goat breeds
- Reference materials

- Written assignment - Class discussions - Oral assessment

Animal Production

Breeds of Livestock - Role of animal production in economy
Safe Handling of Animals - Humane treatment of livestock

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Analyze contribution of livestock to economy
- Compare productivity from various breeds
- Appreciate livestock sector importance

- Discuss role of animal production in country's economy
- Make presentations on comparative productivity
- Analyze economic data

How does livestock production create employment?

- Economic data
- Charts
- Manila papers
- Marker pens
- Digital resources
- Video clips
- Pictures
- Case studies
- Digital devices

- Class presentations - Written reports - Group discussions

Animal Production

Safe Handling of Animals - Poor transport and harnessing methods
Safe Handling of Animals - Crush pens and holding yards

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Describe poor transport methods
- Explain inappropriate harnessing effects
- Appreciate proper animal handling

- Discuss poor transport methods and overloading
- Examine inappropriate harnessing practices
- Study effects of extended working

Why is proper transport important for livestock?

- Pictures
- Video clips
- Digital resources
- Reference materials
- Case studies
- Digital devices
- Charts
- Design drawings

- Written test - Observation - Oral presentations

Animal Production

Safe Handling of Animals - Raceways and squeeze chutes
Safe Handling of Animals - Farrowing crates and milking stalls

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Describe raceways and squeeze chutes
- Explain functions of handling structures
- Appreciate importance of proper facilities

- Study raceways and squeeze chutes design
- Discuss usage in livestock management
- Analyze safety benefits

What structures are used to ensure safety in handling domestic animals?

- Pictures
- Video clips
- Digital resources
- Reference books
- Design plans
- Digital devices
- Charts
- Reference materials

- Written assignment - Oral questions - Class presentations

Animal Production

Safe Handling of Animals - Restraining methods
Safe Handling of Animals - Correct positioning and safe distance
Safe Handling of Animals - Community excursion on animal handling

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Demonstrate appropriate restraining methods
- Use docile animals safely
- Develop skills in animal handling

- Use docile animals to demonstrate restraining
- Practice appropriate restraining methods
- Emphasize handler safety

What are the safe methods of restraining different animals?

- Docile animals
- Ropes
- Halters
- Bull rings
- Safety equipment
- Demonstration area
- First aid kit
- Protective gear
- Local farms
- Observation sheets
- Cameras
- Notebooks
- Transport

- Practical observation - Safety assessment - Performance evaluation